CN108476880B - Method for rapidly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings - Google Patents

Method for rapidly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings Download PDF

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CN108476880B
CN108476880B CN201810193400.7A CN201810193400A CN108476880B CN 108476880 B CN108476880 B CN 108476880B CN 201810193400 A CN201810193400 A CN 201810193400A CN 108476880 B CN108476880 B CN 108476880B
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biochar
soil
total
pepper seedlings
solution
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CN108476880A (en
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张萌
赵欢
魏全全
肖厚军
芶久兰
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GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting

Abstract

A method for quickly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings comprises the following steps: broadcasting vinasse biochar and smoke foam biochar on soil surfacePlanting pepper seedlings in the ridged soil, and irrigating 0.8-1.2L of 0.03-0.1% of each seedling by mass fraction H on the 1 st day after transplanting2O2The solution of (1); then irrigating 0.03-0.1% of H every 7-14 days2O2And (4) determining the irrigation amount of the solution according to the field water capacity, and irrigating the solution until the water capacity is 75-85% of the field water capacity.

Description

Method for rapidly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for quickly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings.
Background
The growth and development process of plants not only requires a series of conditions such as illumination, temperature, moisture and the like, but also requires the supply of oxygen. However, the growth of the root system of the crop is closely related to the growth of the overground part, and the two can mutually promote and influence each other. The growth of the root system of crops also requires oxygen, which is involved in the oxidative phosphorylation process of plants, and this process is the main energy source for the life activities of aerobic cells.
The growth condition of the plant root system directly determines the overall growth and development condition of the plant, and the root system environment and the absorption capacity of the root system are important factors influencing the normal growth of the root system. Oxygen is an essential condition for normal growth and development of pepper plants, and the plants can only complete the growth and development process of the plants by maintaining normal respiration of the roots of the plants with the oxygen and playing the functions of absorbing mineral nutrition, moisture, synthesizing amino acid, phytohormone and the like. The excessive soil moisture and the excessive soil compaction can generate a great inhibition effect on the growth of crop roots. When the pepper is lack of oxygen, a series of changes occur in root system morphology (volume, total absorption area, root system activity and the like) and physiological metabolism. Under the influence of the organic acid, the overground part also shows corresponding characteristics of reduced branching, reduced chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced dry matter accumulation and the like, the photosynthesis of the leaves is limited, and the yield of the pepper is finally reduced. In order to maintain the normal growth of plants, the outside world needs to be protectedSupply of sufficient CO2And O2For photosynthesis and respiration. Research shows that CO is generated in soil due to the effects of plant root respiration, soil microbial metabolism and the like2The concentration is often very high, and O2The concentration is low, the growth and development of plants are often influenced due to the bad gas environment in the soil, if the soil is ventilated badly and oxygen is not enough, the respiration of crop roots is inhibited, and the function of the roots for absorbing water and fertilizer is further weakened.
Researchers have conducted some experimental studies on the influence of the gaseous environment in the root zone on various aspects such as plant growth. Research results show that the gas introduced into the soil can relieve the anoxic condition of the soil and improve the crop yield, mainly because of excessive CO2Inhibiting the growth of crops, increasing oxygen at the rhizosphere and effectively reducing CO2Concentration, promoting the growth of crop root system. Meanwhile, the improvement of the oxygen concentration at the rhizosphere can also obviously improve the activity and the absorption capacity of the plant root system, promote the metabolism of the crop root system and improve the growth of the crop plant root system and the overground part. Researchers have conducted efficient exploration on plant growth through different oxygen supply modes, but at present, no good scheme special for rapid planting, root strengthening and seedling strengthening of outdoor film-coated hot peppers exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for quickly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings to solve the problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one), deep land ploughing: deeply ploughing 40cm of plough layer soil by using a large-scale ploughing machine, and crushing soil blocks;
step two), spreading biochar: broadcasting vinasse biochar and smoke foam biochar on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the vinasse biochar and the smoke foam biochar is 300 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator to fully and uniformly mix the biochar with the surface soil; the vinasse biochar is prepared by carbonizing vinasse at high temperature in a carbonization furnace, and has the physicochemical properties as follows: pH is 7-9, organic matter is 20-40 g/kg, total nitrogen is 35-50 g/kg, total phosphorus is 5-15 g/kg, and total potassium is 10-30 g/kg; the smoke foam biochar is prepared by carbonizing smoke foam at high temperature in a carbonization furnace, and has the following physical and chemical properties: pH is 9-11, organic matter is 20-40 g/kg, total nitrogen is 10-20 g/kg, total phosphorus is 3-6 g/kg, and total potassium is 100-;
step three), fertilizing and ridging: the fertilizer is prepared by mixing 320-400 kg of nitrogen fertilizer N and P per mu2O5160-200 kg of organic fertilizer and K fertilizer2The dosage of O300-350 kg is uniformly spread on the surface layer of the soil, and then ridge forming and film covering are carried out;
step four), transplanting and planting seedlings: planting pepper seedlings in the ridged soil, and irrigating 0.8-1.2L of 0.03-0.1% of each seedling by mass fraction H on the 1 st day after transplanting2O2The solution of (1); then irrigating 0.03-0.1% of H every 7-14 days2O2And (4) determining the irrigation amount of the solution according to the field water capacity, and irrigating the solution until the water capacity is 75-85% of the field water capacity.
In a further improvement, in the fourth step, H2O2The mass fraction of the solution was 0.07%.
In a further improvement, the irrigation amount of the fourth step) on the 1 st day after transplantation is 1.0 liter per plant; irrigating for the second time on the 10 th day after transplanting2O2Solution, third irrigation on day 20H2O2And (4) determining the irrigation amount of the solution for the 2 nd and the 3 rd times according to the field water capacity, and irrigating until the water capacity is 75-85% of the field water capacity.
In a further improvement, in the second step), the basic physicochemical properties of the vinasse biochar are as follows: the pH value is 8.78, the organic matter content is 28.13 g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 43.40 g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 10.84g/kg, the total potassium content is 18.38 g/kg, and the basic physicochemical properties of the tobacco foam biochar are as follows: pH is 10.24, organic matter is 30.01 g/kg, total nitrogen is 13.49 g/kg, total phosphorus is 3.83 g/kg, and total potassium is 125.98 g/kg.
In a further improvement, in the fourth step), the pepper seedlings are transplanted in double rows according to the row spacing of 25 cm and the pit spacing of 30 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
ploughing soil and applying distiller's grainsThe carbon and the carbon soot can provide organic matters and nutrient elements, effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and contribute to improving the effect of supplying oxygen to roots. H2O2Oxygen decomposed from the solution is used for increasing oxygen in a pepper root area, the volume of a pepper seedling root system can be increased, root growth is facilitated, soil nutrients can be better absorbed, the total absorption area, the active absorption area and the active absorption area of the root system are greatly increased, and especially H is increased2O2When the mass fraction of the solution is 0.07%, the effect is most remarkable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows different concentrations H2O2Influence on root system volume;
FIG. 2 shows different concentrations H2O2Influence on the total absorption area of the root system;
FIG. 3 shows different concentrations H2O2Influence on the active absorption area of the root system;
FIG. 4 shows different concentrations H2O2Influence on root activity.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for quickly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings comprises the following specific operation steps:
step one), deep land ploughing: selecting a flat land about 1 week before pepper transplantation, deeply ploughing 40cm plough layer soil by using a large-scale ploughing machine, turning the bottom layer soil to the surface layer for airing for about 3 days, then crushing the large soil blocks by using a crusher for 2-3 times continuously, and ensuring that the large soil blocks on the surface layer are fully crushed;
step two), spreading biochar: mixing the vinasse biochar and the smoke foam biochar which are prepared in advance according to the proportion of 1: 1, uniformly spreading the fertilizer on the soil surface in a proportion of 300 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator so as to fully and uniformly mix the biochar with surface soil; the vinasse biochar and the smoke foam biochar are both prepared by carbonizing at the high temperature of 550 ℃ by a professional biomass carbonization furnace, and the vinasse biochar has the following basic physicochemical properties: the pH value is 8.78, the organic matter content is 28.13 g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 43.40 g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 10.84g/kg, the total potassium content is 18.38 g/kg, and the basic physicochemical properties of the tobacco foam biochar are as follows: pH is 10.24, organic matter is 30.01 g/kg, total nitrogen is 13.49 g/kg, total phosphorus is 3.83 g/kg, and total potassium is 125.98 g/kg.
Step three), fertilizing and ridging: the fertilizer is prepared by mixing N360 kg of nitrogenous fertilizer and P360 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu2O5180 kg of potash fertilizer K2Uniformly spreading the O324 kg dosage on the surface layer of the soil in the step (2), and then carrying out ridging and film covering according to the ridge width of 1.0 m and the inter-ridge width of 0.2 m;
step four), transplanting and planting seedlings: transplanting the pepper seedlings in two rows at the row spacing of 25 cm and the pit spacing of 30 cm, and irrigating the pepper seedlings with 0.03-0.1% of H on the 1 st day after transplanting2O2The 1 st irrigation amount of the solution is 1.0 liter per plant, then the solution is irrigated once on the 10 th day and the 20 th day after transplanting, and the 2 nd irrigation amount and the 3 rd irrigation amount are determined according to the field water capacity and are irrigated to 75-85% of the field water capacity. In this example, to investigate the best use effect, it was carried out not to use H2O2And hydrogen peroxide of 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07% and 0.1% in mass fraction, for a total of 5 treatments.
The effect of each treatment is shown in fig. 1-4.
Analysis of results
The effect of biochar and root zone oxygenation on the root system volume of pepper seedlings (figure 1): and no administration of H2O2Compared with treatment, the oxygenation of the root zone can increase the root system volume of the pepper seedlings by 3.00-9.00 cm3The amplification is 28.08% -84.32% along with H2O2The concentration is increased, the root system volume is increased, when H2O2The volume reaches a maximum of 19.67 cm at a concentration of 0.07%3，H2O2When the concentration exceeds 0.07 percent, the volume is reduced, which shows that the oxygenation in the root zone can increase the volume of the root system of the young pepper seedlings, is beneficial to the growth of the root system and better absorbs soil nutrients, but H2O2The growth of the root system of the pepper seedlings can be inhibited by too high concentration.
The effect of biochar and root zone oxygenation on the total absorption area of the root system of the pepper seedlings (figure 2): and no administration of H2O2Compared with the treatment, the oxygenation in the root area can ensure that the root system of the pepper seedlings can be totally absorbedThe area is increased by 1.27 to 13.57 m2The amplification is 46.07% -491.52%, and the amplification is accompanied by H2O2The concentration is increased, the total absorption area of the root system is increased, and when H is increased2O2The total absorption area reached a maximum of 16.33 m at a concentration of 0.07%2，H2O2The total absorption area decreased when the concentration exceeded 0.07%.
The effect of the biochar and the oxygen increasing of the root area on the active absorption area of the root system of the pepper seedling (figure 3): the size of the active absorption area of the root system can reflect the strength of the nutrient absorption capacity of the root system to a certain extent, and the size directly influences the growth and the nutritional level of plant individuals. And no administration of H2O2Compared with the treatment, the oxygen increasing in the root zone can increase the active absorption area of the root system of the pepper seedlings by 0.64-6.77 m2The amplification is 46.61% -494.23%, and the amplification is accompanied by H2O2The concentration is increased, the active absorption area of the root system is increased, and when H is increased2O2The active absorption area reaches a maximum of 8.14 m at a concentration of 0.07%2，H2O2The total absorption area decreased when the concentration exceeded 0.07%.
The effect of the biochar and the oxygen increasing of the root area on the activity of the root system of the pepper seedlings is shown in figure 4: the root activity is one of the main indexes for measuring the root function of the plant, the root activity determines the growth condition and the nutrition absorption function of the root to a great extent, and the strength can reflect the growth capability of the plant to a certain degree. The stronger the root activity, the stronger the activity of the root system in the soil, which means that the root system can absorb more nutrients and water from the soil, thereby providing sufficient nutrition for the overground part of the plant. From FIG. 4, with no H applied2O2Compared with treatment, oxygenation in a root zone improves the root activity of pepper seedlings by 66.67-437.78 ug/g.h, the amplification is 24.39-160.17%, and the activity is increased along with H2O2The concentration is increased, the active absorption area of the root system is increased, and when H is increased2O2The active absorption area reaches a maximum of 8.14 m at a concentration of 0.07%2，H2O2The total absorption area decreased when the concentration exceeded 0.07%.
In summary, the following steps: through screening, H2O2The optimal treatment of the solution is 0.07%.
The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the following examples according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for rapidly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one), deep land ploughing: deeply ploughing 40cm of plough layer soil by using a large-scale ploughing machine, and crushing soil blocks;
step two), spreading biochar: broadcasting vinasse biochar and smoke foam biochar on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the vinasse biochar and the smoke foam biochar is 300 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator to fully and uniformly mix the biochar with the surface soil; the vinasse biochar is prepared by carbonizing vinasse at high temperature in a carbonization furnace, and has the physicochemical properties as follows: the pH value is 7-9, the organic matter is 20-40 g/kg, the total nitrogen is 35-50 g/kg, the total phosphorus is 5-15 g/kg, and the total potassium is 10-30 g/kg; the smoke foam biochar is prepared by carbonizing smoke foam at high temperature in a carbonization furnace, and has the following physical and chemical properties: pH is 9-11, organic matter is 20-40 g/kg, total nitrogen is 10-20 g/kg, total phosphorus is 3-6 g/kg, and total potassium is 100-;
step three), fertilizing and ridging: the fertilizer is prepared by mixing 320-400 kg of nitrogen fertilizer N and P per mu2O5160-200 kg of organic fertilizer and K fertilizer2Uniformly spreading the O300-350 kg on the surface layer of the soil, and then ridging and laminating;
step four), transplanting and planting seedlings: planting pepper seedlings in the ridged soil, and irrigating 0.8-1.2L of 0.03-0.1% of each seedling by mass fraction H on the 1 st day after transplanting2O2The solution of (1); then irrigating 0.03-0.1% of H every 7-14 days2O2The irrigation amount of the solution is determined according to the field water capacity, and the solution is irrigated to 75-85% of the field water capacity; h2O2Oxygen is decomposed in the soil to enrich the oxygen in the pepper root area.
2. The method for rapid colonization and root strengthening of pepper seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step H)2O2The mass fraction of the solution was 0.07%.
3. The method for rapid field planting and strong root growth of pepper seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation volume of step four) at 1 day after transplantation is 1.0 liter per plant; irrigating for the second time on the 10 th day after transplanting2O2Solution, third irrigation on day 20H2O2And (4) determining the irrigation amount of the solution for the 2 nd and the 3 rd times according to the field water capacity, and irrigating until the water capacity is 75-85% of the field water capacity.
4. The method for rapid field planting and root strengthening of pepper seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step), the vinasse biochar has the following basic physicochemical properties: the pH value is 8.78, the organic matter content is 28.13 g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 43.40 g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 10.84g/kg, the total potassium content is 18.38 g/kg, and the basic physicochemical properties of the tobacco foam biochar are as follows: pH is 10.24, organic matter is 30.01 g/kg, total nitrogen is 13.49 g/kg, total phosphorus is 3.83 g/kg, and total potassium is 125.98 g/kg.
5. The method for rapid field planting and strong root growth of pepper seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step), pepper seedlings are transplanted in "double rows" according to the row spacing of 25 cm and the pit spacing of 30 cm.
CN201810193400.7A 2018-03-09 2018-03-09 Method for rapidly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings Active CN108476880B (en)

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CN109673683A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-26 北京城市之光生态环境有限公司 Antibacterial sustained release root-growing agent of one kind and preparation method thereof
CN110663504A (en) * 2019-11-20 2020-01-10 江苏省农业科学院 Urban garden soil improvement method
CN113229056A (en) * 2020-12-07 2021-08-10 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) Annual crop rotation planting method suitable for open-air pod pepper cultivation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102487708A (en) * 2011-12-16 2012-06-13 珠海银基农产品有限公司 Method for growing pepper
CN107602253A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-01-19 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 A kind of Ru 2006101161 and its application method for capsicum

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102487708A (en) * 2011-12-16 2012-06-13 珠海银基农产品有限公司 Method for growing pepper
CN107602253A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-01-19 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 A kind of Ru 2006101161 and its application method for capsicum

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