CN111903452A - Reasonable plough layer construction method for tobacco and rice rotation area - Google Patents
Reasonable plough layer construction method for tobacco and rice rotation area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111903452A CN111903452A CN202010563079.4A CN202010563079A CN111903452A CN 111903452 A CN111903452 A CN 111903452A CN 202010563079 A CN202010563079 A CN 202010563079A CN 111903452 A CN111903452 A CN 111903452A
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- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- rice
- flue
- soil
- rotation area
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Links
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241001669573 Galeorhinus galeus Species 0.000 claims 3
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004172 nitrogen cycle Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001002356 Valeriana edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a reasonable plough layer construction method for a tobacco and rice rotation area. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) after harvesting the rice: after the rice in the tobacco and rice rotation area is harvested, returning the rice straws to the field, and performing ridge-crushing deep ploughing on the field soil; (2) flue-cured tobacco fertilization: before flue-cured tobacco planting, the application amount of base fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent, and the specific application scheme is as follows: 40kg of special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, 50kg of special top dressing for flue-cured tobacco, 22kg of cake fertilizer, 9kg of seedling raising fertilizer, 17.2kg of potassium sulfate and 8.3kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of tobacco field. The invention can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the plough layer of the tobacco and rice rotation area, improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil and is beneficial to the growth of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a reasonable plough layer construction method for a tobacco and rice rotation area.
Background
In the current main tobacco and rice rotation areas, the cultivation mode takes small-sized mechanical and human and animal power operation as main power for a long time, the cultivation depth is shallow, the multiple cropping index is high, meanwhile, a large amount of chemical fertilizers are applied, the investment of organic fertilizers is less, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizers is large, the utilization rate is low, the content of organic matters in soil is reduced, the carbon-nitrogen cycle is unbalanced, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is unbalanced, and the soil quality is declined. The soil carbon-nitrogen ratio is an important index for evaluating the high and low quality of soil, the soil carbon-nitrogen nutrition balance condition is measured, and the evolution trend of the soil carbon-nitrogen nutrition balance condition has important influence on the carbon and nitrogen circulation of the soil. For example, the average value of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 0-50cm soil layers in the Hunan tobacco-rice rotation area is 9.66, which is far lower than the proper carbon-nitrogen ratio interval, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is in a descending trend along with the increase of the depth of the soil layers, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil layers of 20-30cm is reduced to the maximum extent, and the shallow farming depth is not beneficial to the nutrient absorption of crop roots and the sustainable development of soil and agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of shallow plough layer, low carbon-nitrogen ratio and large fertilizer application amount of the current tobacco and rice rotation area, the invention aims to provide a reasonable plough layer construction method of the tobacco and rice rotation area, which can effectively improve soil plough layer properties, improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil and is beneficial to crop growth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a reasonable plough layer construction method for a tobacco and rice rotation area comprises the following steps:
(1) after harvesting the rice: after the rice in the tobacco and rice rotation area is harvested, returning the rice straws to the field, and performing ridge-crushing deep ploughing on the field soil;
(2) flue-cured tobacco fertilization: before flue-cured tobacco planting, the application amount of base fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent, and the specific application scheme is as follows: 40kg of special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, 50kg of special top dressing for flue-cured tobacco, 22kg of cake fertilizer, 9kg of seedling raising fertilizer, 17.2kg of potassium sulfate and 8.3kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of tobacco field.
Further, the amount of the rice straw returned to the field in the step (1) is 2000-2500 kg/mu.
Further, the rice straws in the step (1) are evenly paved on the field soil, and then ridge smashing and deep ploughing are carried out.
Further, in the step (1), a self-propelled ridge smashing and deep ploughing subsoiler is used for smashing and deep ploughing.
Further, the deep ploughing of the powder ridges in the step (1) is mechanical vertical and transverse deep scarification of the powder ridges by 30-40 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the powder ridge deep ploughing and deep scarification can effectively improve the physical characteristics of soil, reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the porosity, reduce the compactness and the like, and provide a better environment for the growth of crop roots. Meanwhile, the rice straws are crushed by the self-propelled ridge-crushing deep-ploughing deep-loosening machine and buried in the soil deeply, so that the content of organic matters in the soil of a 0-30cm soil layer can be effectively improved, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil is improved. The application amount of base fertilizer (pure nitrogen) is reduced by 20% in the flue-cured tobacco planting and fertilizing scheme, the excessive accumulation of nitrogen in soil can be relieved, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and harvest index are effectively improved, and the improvement of carbon-nitrogen ratio is facilitated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The materials used in the following examples were all available from conventional sources, developed and supplied by Guangxi Wufeng Co., Ltd, and were 1SGL-200 in size, width, length and height (cm): 5300x2500x2800, and the total mass is 9500 kg.
Example 1
A reasonable plough layer construction method for a tobacco and rice rotation area comprises the following steps:
(1) after harvesting the rice: after rice is harvested in the tobacco-rice rotation region, uniformly spreading rice straws on field soil, wherein the using amount is 2000 kg/mu, carrying out ridge-crushing deep ploughing on the field soil by using a self-propelled ridge-crushing deep ploughing subsoiler, and mechanically, vertically and transversely loosening 40cm deep rice;
(2) flue-cured tobacco fertilization: before flue-cured tobacco planting, the application amount of base fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent, and the specific application scheme is as follows: 40kg of special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, 50kg of special top dressing for flue-cured tobacco, 22kg of cake fertilizer, 9kg of seedling raising fertilizer, 17.2kg of potassium sulfate and 8.3kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of tobacco field.
Example 2
A reasonable plough layer construction method for a tobacco and rice rotation area comprises the following steps:
(1) after harvesting the rice: after rice is harvested in the tobacco-rice rotation region, uniformly spreading rice straws on field soil with the dosage of 2300 kg/mu, carrying out ridge-crushing deep ploughing on the field soil by using a self-propelled ridge-crushing deep ploughing subsoiler, and mechanically, vertically and transversely crushing 35cm deep ploughing;
(2) flue-cured tobacco fertilization: before flue-cured tobacco planting, the application amount of base fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent, and the specific application scheme is as follows: 40kg of special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, 50kg of special top dressing for flue-cured tobacco, 22kg of cake fertilizer, 9kg of seedling raising fertilizer, 17.2kg of potassium sulfate and 8.3kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of tobacco field.
Example 3
A reasonable plough layer construction method for a tobacco and rice rotation area comprises the following steps:
(1) after harvesting the rice: after rice is harvested in the tobacco-rice rotation region, uniformly spreading rice straws on field soil, wherein the using amount is 2500 kg/mu, carrying out ridge-crushing deep ploughing on the field soil by using a self-propelled ridge-crushing deep ploughing subsoiler, and mechanically, carrying out vertical and horizontal ridge-crushing subsoiling for 30 cm;
(2) flue-cured tobacco fertilization: before flue-cured tobacco planting, the application amount of base fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent, and the specific application scheme is as follows: 40kg of special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, 50kg of special top dressing for flue-cured tobacco, 22kg of cake fertilizer, 9kg of seedling raising fertilizer, 17.2kg of potassium sulfate and 8.3kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of tobacco field.
The comparative example adopts a local conventional farming and fertilizing technology, and the conventional fertilizing scheme is as follows: 50 kg/mu of special base fertilizer, 50 kg/mu of special topdressing, 22 kg/mu of cake fertilizer, 9 kg/mu of seedling-raising fertilizer and 15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.
The method for fertilizing the tobacco rice rotation area and the conventional farming and fertilizing technology of the comparative example are respectively adopted to treat plough layer soil of the tobacco rice rotation area, a root system sample of a fresh tobacco plant is taken 60 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, and the depth, the volume and the dry weight of the root system of the flue-cured tobacco are detected; the depth of a plough layer is measured 80 days after flue-cured tobacco transplantation, a soil sample with the soil surface layer of 0-20cm is taken, the volume weight, the total porosity, the soil organic matter and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil are measured, a flue-cured tobacco fresh plant sample is taken, the nitrogen harvesting index and the nitrogen utilization rate of the flue-cured tobacco are measured, and the results are respectively shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 comparison of depth, volume and dry weight of root system of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with the conventional cultivation and fertilization technology of the comparative example, in examples 1-3 adopting the method of the present invention, the tobacco root system depth of the tobacco is averagely increased by 8.10cm, the root system volume is averagely increased by 46.78%, and the dry weight of the root system is averagely increased by 27.42%, which indicates that the method of the present invention can promote the root system development of the tobacco after the plough layer soil is treated, and further promote the growth of the crops.
TABLE 2 comparison of characteristics of plough layer soil in tobacco and rice rotation areas under different treatments
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, compared with the conventional cultivation and fertilization technologies of the comparative example, in examples 1-3 adopting the method of the present invention, the depth of the cultivated layer of the soil in the tobacco and rice rotation area is significantly increased, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the total porosity is increased, the hardening condition of the soil is improved, and the organic matter content of the soil is also increased to a certain extent. Meanwhile, as the rice straws are applied and 20 percent of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil is improved, and the carbon-nitrogen cycle is improved.
TABLE 3 flue-cured tobacco nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio under different treatments
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, compared with the conventional cultivation and fertilization technology of the comparative example, in examples 1-3 adopting the method of the present invention, the flue-cured tobacco nitrogen harvest index is averagely improved by 8.26 percent, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio is averagely improved by 12.77 percent, which shows that the present invention can improve the nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio and the flue-cured tobacco nitrogen harvest index on the basis of reduced fertilizer application, and can promote the growth of crops while improving the plough layer soil of the tobacco and rice rotation region.
Claims (5)
1. A reasonable plough layer construction method of a tobacco and rice rotation area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after harvesting the rice: after the rice in the tobacco and rice rotation area is harvested, returning the rice straws to the field, and performing ridge-crushing deep ploughing on the field soil;
(2) flue-cured tobacco fertilization: before flue-cured tobacco planting, the application amount of base fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent, and the specific application scheme is as follows: 40kg of special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, 50kg of special top dressing for flue-cured tobacco, 22kg of cake fertilizer, 9kg of seedling raising fertilizer, 17.2kg of potassium sulfate and 8.3kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of tobacco field.
2. The reasonable tope construction method of tobacco and rice rotation areas according to claim 1, wherein the amount of returned rice straw in step (1) is 2000-2500 kg/mu.
3. The reasonable tope construction method of the tobacco and rice rotation area according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rice straw in step (1) is evenly laid on the soil of the field and then subjected to ridge-crushing deep ploughing.
4. The reasonable construction method of the plough layer of the tobacco and rice rotation area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a self-propelled ridge deep ploughing subsoiler is used for ridge deep ploughing.
5. The reasonable tope construction method for tobacco and rice rotation areas as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the deep ploughing of the ridge in step (1) is mechanical vertical transverse deep ploughing and loosening of the ridge by 30-40 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010563079.4A CN111903452A (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Reasonable plough layer construction method for tobacco and rice rotation area |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010563079.4A CN111903452A (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Reasonable plough layer construction method for tobacco and rice rotation area |
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| CN111903452A true CN111903452A (en) | 2020-11-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113951077A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-01-21 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice straw excitation type in-situ returning cultivation method for tobacco and rice multiple cropping tobacco field |
-
2020
- 2020-06-19 CN CN202010563079.4A patent/CN111903452A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113951077A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-01-21 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice straw excitation type in-situ returning cultivation method for tobacco and rice multiple cropping tobacco field |
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Application publication date: 20201110 |
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