CN114303832A - High-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in moisture soil area - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in moisture soil area Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical group [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in a moisture soil area, which comprises the following steps: (1) after the previous crops are harvested, the rotary cultivator ploughs the soil, 30 percent of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are used as base fertilizer to be applied at one time, and the rotary cultivator ploughs and then seeds; (2) the corn is planted in wide and narrow rows, the width row is 70cm, the narrow row is 40cm, the planting density is 70000-85000 plants/hm2(ii) a (3) Additionally applying 50% of nitrogen fertilizer during 8-10 leaf expansion in the jointing stage; (4) additionally applying 20% of nitrogen fertilizer in the large-horn mouth period of summer corn; the method can enable the acre yield of the corn to reach 580.00-666.49 kg, the yield increase rate is 5.44% -21.16%, the accumulation amount of dry matters of a group is increased by 13.44% -84.14%, the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is increased by 11.86-23.64 kg/kg, and the yield of the summer corn and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in a moisture soil area.
Background
Planting density and nitrogen application are the leading factors that limit corn yield. The reasonable planting density is the basis for constructing a good population structure and optimizing the photosynthetic physiological indexes of the population by utilizing the photothermal resources in the specific ecological environment of the corn, the proper nitrogen fertilizer application amount is the nutrition guarantee for carrying out the photosynthetic production by fully utilizing the population advantages of the proper density, and the planting density and the nitrogen application amount need to be highly coordinated in the crop production. Research shows that the influence of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer application amount on the corn yield is in a parabolic relation, and an obvious interaction effect exists between the density and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount. The critical ranges of corn yield to planting density and nitrogen fertilizer application rate are different under the influence of ecological environment. Therefore, combining reasonable planting density with appropriate nitrogen application is an important measure to increase corn yield. Summer corn is used as an important grain crop in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain tidal soil area and has important significance for guaranteeing grain safety in China, but for a long time, the cultivation mode of low planting density and high nitrogen application amount in corn production in the area not only causes low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, but also limits improvement of yield. Reasonably increasing the planting density and properly reducing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer becomes an important way for improving the yield of summer corns in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain tide area.
According to the method, the 'dredged mono 20' is taken as a material, and a field long-term test is carried out, so that the influence of the planting density and the nitrogen application quantity on the yield of the summer corn and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is researched under the conditions of different planting densities and nitrogen fertilizer application quantities, and the method for cultivating the high-yield corn is obtained, so that a scientific basis is provided for the excavation of the yield potential of the summer corn in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain tide area, and a technical support is provided for the perfection of a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation system of the summer corn.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in a moisture soil area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in a moisture soil area comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing before sowing, after harvesting wheat of the previous crop in the middle ten (6) months, turning over the planting soil by using a rotary cultivator, applying nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 30% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer as base fertilizer into the soil at one time, and sowing after turning over by using the rotary cultivator;
(2) the corn is planted in wide and narrow rows, the width row is 70cm, the narrow row is 40cm, and the planting density is 70000-85000 plants/hm2；
(3) Topdressing in the jointing stage, namely topdressing 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer when the corn plants grow to 8-10 leaf spreads;
(4) topdressing is carried out in the large-horn-mouth period, and when the corn plants grow to the large-horn-mouth period, 20% of the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is topdressed.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea containing 46% of N, and the phosphate fertilizer is P containing 12% of P2O5The potassium fertilizer contains 45 percent of K2Potassium sulfate of O.
Further, the total amount of the applied nitrogen fertilizer is 150-200 kg N/hm2100kg of P/hm of phosphate fertilizer2The potash fertilizer is 110kg K/hm2。
Further, before sowing, fertilizing, wherein the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 45-60 kg N/hm2The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 100kg P/hm2The dosage of the potash fertilizer is 110kg K/hm2。
Further, topdressing is carried out in the jointing stage, and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer is 75-100 kg N/hm2。
Further, topdressing is carried out in a large horn mouth period, and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer is 30-40 kg N/hm2。
Further, a fertilizer applicator is adopted to apply the fertilizer into soil with the depth of 5cm during topdressing, and the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is 5 cm.
Advantageous effects
The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the moisture soil area, provided by the invention, realizes the yield increase of the corns and the improvement of the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer by reasonably increasing the planting density and reducing the nitrogen fertilizer application. Under the condition that the corn varieties and other field management measures are the same, the planting method can increase the per mu yield of the corn to 580.01-666.49 kg, the relative yield increase rate is 5.44-21.16%, the accumulation amount of dry matters of a colony is increased by 13.44-84.14%, and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers is increased by 11.86-23.64 kg/kg.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description of the specific embodiments is intended to be illustrative of the invention and not to limit the invention.
The method aims at improving the yield of summer corns and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers in a moisture soil area, takes a dredging unit 20 as a material, and carries out a field test in a dredging county of Henan province in 2019-2020, wherein the area is a typical winter wheat-summer corn crop rotation area, the soil type is viscous moisture soil, and the soil layer base fertility of the test area is 0-20 cm: 0.97g/kg of total nitrogen, 10.0g/kg of organic carbon, 6.6mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 110.0mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 7.8 of the pH value of the soil.
Example 1
(1) Fertilizing and seeding before seeding
After harvesting wheat of the previous crop in the middle ten days of 6 months, the rotary cultivator is used for ploughing the planting soil and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer P/hm is added2110kg K/hm potash fertilizer245kg of nitrogen fertilizer2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, and the rotary cultivator is used for sowing after ploughing; the corn is planted in wide and narrow rows, the width row is 70cm, the narrow row is 40cm, and the planting density is 70000 plants/hm2；
(2) Topdressing in jointing stage
When the corn plants grow to 8-leaf development, 75kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied for topdressing2(ii) a Applying the fertilizer into 5cm deep soil by adopting a fertilizer applicator during topdressing, wherein the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is 5 cm;
(3) topdressing in large-horn mouth period
When the corn plants grow to the large flare stage, 30kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied additionally2(ii) a And applying the fertilizer into 5cm deep soil by adopting a fertilizer applicator during topdressing, wherein the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is 5 cm.
Example 2
(1) Fertilizing and seeding before seeding
After harvesting wheat of the previous crop in the middle ten days of 6 months, the rotary cultivator is used for ploughing the planting soil and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer P/hm is added2110kg K/hm potash fertilizer2Nitrogen fertilizer 48kg N/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, and the rotary cultivator is used for sowing after ploughing; the corn is planted in wide and narrow rows, the width of each row is 70cm, the width of each row is 40cm, and the planting density is85000 strains/hm2。
(2) Topdressing in jointing stage
When the corn plants grow to 10-leaf development, dressing nitrogen fertilizer 80kg N/hm2(ii) a Applying the fertilizer into soil with the depth of about 5cm by using a fertilizer applicator during topdressing, wherein the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is about 5 cm;
(3) topdressing in large-horn mouth period
Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 32kg N/hm when corn plants grow to large flare stage2(ii) a And applying the fertilizer into 5cm deep soil by adopting a fertilizer applicator during topdressing, wherein the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is 5 cm.
Example 3
(1) Fertilizing and seeding before seeding
After harvesting wheat of the previous crop in the middle ten days of 6 months, the rotary cultivator is used for ploughing the planting soil and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer P/hm is added2110kg K/hm potash fertilizer251kg of nitrogen fertilizer2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, and the rotary cultivator is used for sowing after ploughing; the corn is planted in wide and narrow rows, the width row is 70cm, the narrow row is 40cm, and the planting density is 82500 plants/hm2。
(2) Topdressing in jointing stage
When the corn plants grow to 9-leaf development, the additional application of nitrogen fertilizer is 85kg N/hm2(ii) a Applying the fertilizer into 5cm deep soil by adopting a fertilizer applicator during topdressing, wherein the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is 5 cm;
(3) topdressing in large-horn mouth period
Dressing nitrogen fertilizer 34kg N/hm2 when the corn plant grows to a large flare stage; and applying the fertilizer into 5cm deep soil by adopting a fertilizer applicator during topdressing, wherein the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is 5 cm.
Example 4
(1) Fertilizing and seeding before seeding
After harvesting wheat of the previous crop in the middle ten days of 6 months, the rotary cultivator is used for ploughing the planting soil and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer P/hm is added2110kg K/hm potash fertilizer2Nitrogen fertilizer 60kg N/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, and the rotary cultivator is used for sowing after ploughing; the corn is planted in wide and narrow rows, the wide rows are 70cm, the narrow rows are 40cm, and the planting density is 75000 plants/hm2。
(2) Topdressing in jointing stage
When the corn plants grow to 9-leaf development, 100kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied for topdressing2(ii) a Applying the fertilizer into 5cm deep soil by adopting a fertilizer applicator during topdressing, wherein the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is 5 cm;
(3) topdressing in large-horn mouth period
When the corn plants grow to the large flare stage, 40kg of N/hm of nitrogen fertilizer is applied2(ii) a And applying the fertilizer into 5cm deep soil by adopting a fertilizer applicator during topdressing, wherein the distance between the fertilizer and the corn root is 5 cm.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the corn planting method is substantially the same as the planting method of the example, except that: the planting density in the step (1) is 67500 plants/hm2(ii) a The total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applied during the corn planting period is 220N/hm2；
The planting methods of the embodiments 1 to 4 and the comparative example 1 of the invention are adopted to carry out corn planting tests in a typical moisture soil area, and the tested corn variety is dredged mono 20; the test soil is 15 mu of soil in a moisture soil area, and is averagely divided into 5 groups (each group is 3 mu); corn planting is carried out by adopting the methods of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 of the invention respectively; the same field management is adopted during planting; after the corns are ripe and harvested, the dry matter accumulation amount and the average grain yield of the corn groups in the mature period are counted, the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated according to the average grain yield and the nitrogen application amount in the season, and the result is shown in table 1.
Table 1.
As can be seen from the table 1, compared with the method for planting corn in the comparative example 1, the planting method in the embodiment of the invention increases the yield per mu of corn to 580.01-666.49 kg, the relative yield increase is 5.44-21.16%, the accumulation amount of dry matters in a colony is increased by 13.44-84.14%, and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is increased by 11.86-23.64 kg/kg.
The above experimental examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple changes or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in a moisture soil area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fertilizing before sowing, after harvesting wheat of the previous crop in the middle ten (6) months, turning over the planting soil by using a rotary cultivator, applying 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer as base fertilizer into the soil at one time, and sowing after turning over by using the rotary cultivator;
(2) the corn is planted in wide and narrow rows, the width row is 70cm, the narrow row is 40cm, the planting density is 70000-85000 plants/hm2；
(3) Topdressing in the jointing stage, namely topdressing 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer when the corn plants grow to 8-10 leaf spreads;
(4) topdressing is carried out in the large-horn-mouth period, and when the corn plants grow to the large-horn-mouth period, 20% of the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is topdressed.
2. The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the tidal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
3. The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the tidal area as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea containing 46% of N, and the phosphate fertilizer is urea containing 12% of P2O5The calcium superphosphate and the potassium fertilizer contain 45 percent of K2Potassium sulfate of O.
4. The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the tidal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total nitrogen fertilizer application is 150-200 kg N/hm2100kg of P/hm of phosphate fertilizer2The potash fertilizer is 110kg K/hm2。
5. The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the tidal area as claimed in claim 1The method is characterized in that before sowing, fertilization is carried out, and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 45-60 kg N/hm2The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 100kg P/hm2The dosage of the potash fertilizer is 110kg K/hm2。
6. The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the tidal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein topdressing is performed in the jointing period, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 75-100 kg N/hm2。
7. The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the tidal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein additional fertilizer is applied in the large-horn-mouth period, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 30-40 kg N/hm2。
8. The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the tidal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied into the soil about 5cm deep by a fertilizer applicator by means of top dressing in the jointing stage, and the fertilizer is 5cm away from the roots of the corns.
9. The high-yield cultivation method for increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of summer corns in the tidal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied into the soil 5cm deep by a fertilizer applicator in the large-horn-mouth period, and the fertilizer is 5cm away from the roots of the corns.
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| CN115669479A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-02-03 | 东北农业大学 | Nitrogen-reducing synergistic cold-region black-soil corn planting method |
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