CN110881295A - Apple tree fertilizing method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses an apple tree fertilizing method, which comprises the following steps: (1) and applying the base fertilizer in one month before leaf falling after the transpiration of the base fertilizer and the apple tree leaves is basically stopped. (2) And (3) applying organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) 3-7 days after spring top dressing and flower withering according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 3:1: 1. (3) The expanding fertilizer and the expanding fertilizer are applied in two times. (4) Spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced type organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) for more than 3 times in a 500-600-time solution manner on leaf surfaces before sprouting and bagging; spraying 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with organic silicon for more than 3 times after bagging and before unloading; spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer twice in the young fruit period, and spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer once before bag unloading. (5) Supplementing fertilizer after picking fruits, and applying organic silicon water-soluble slow release fertilizer (30-10-10) with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 3:1:1 to each plant after picking fruits; spraying organosilicon macroelement water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) for 3 times after unloading fruit and before falling leaves. By using the method, the orchard soil is improved, the yield, commodity rate and high-quality rate of apples are greatly improved, and the comprehensive quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to an apple tree fertilizing method.
Background
The fertilization time of thirty-six-nine months required by the prior art ignores the influence of the temperature on the fertilization effect, and is not completely coincident with the growth and development rule of apple trees and the rule of absorbing and utilizing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
In the prior art, farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer are applied indiscriminately, serious pollution is caused to orchard soil, food safety is endangered, and the effect of silicate bacteria is ignored in the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the quality of apples is not favorably and comprehensively improved.
In the prior art, only the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed and utilized by red Fuji apples all the year round is determined, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed and utilized at different growth and development stages is a blank of research, so that fertilization at different time periods is trapped in blind fertilization.
In the prior art, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of foliar fertilizer spraying is neglected, nitrogen is always used as a main component, so that the nitrogen content of leaves is too high, the calcium deficiency symptom of fruits appears in the later stage, and meanwhile, the phosphorus content of the leaves is relatively low, so that the formation of flower buds is not facilitated.
In the prior art, the protection of shallow root systems of apple trees is neglected in the fertilizing method, the nutrition supply of soil layers with the centrally distributed shallow root systems is not considered, and the yield increase and the fruit quality improvement are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an apple tree fertilizing method aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an apple tree fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer
Applying a base fertilizer to the apple tree leaves within one month after the transpiration of the apple tree leaves is basically stopped and before the apple tree leaves fall, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components:
applying 2-3 kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure to 1kg of fruits produced per farmyard manure;
silicate bacteria agent or biological organic fertilizer containing silicate bacteria agent, wherein the silicate bacteria agent is used for every 667m2Applying 5-10 kg of bio-organic fertilizer or applying 4-7.5 kg of bio-organic fertilizer containing silicate bacteria;
2-3 kg of organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer, namely organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (22-14-14) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 3:2:2 or organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (25-15-10) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 5:3: 2;
(2) spring top dressing
Applying 0.5-0.75 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) or organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (28-10-7) according to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 3:1:1 3 after flower withering;
(3) expanding fertilizer
The expanding fertilizer is applied for two times to fully play the time-interval effect of the fertilizer application, so as to ensure the full expansion and normal coloring of the fruits and promote the flower bud differentiation;
1.5-2 kg of organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (18-8-26) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2:1:3 is applied to the strain before the first expansion fertilizer is applied to the bags, namely the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months;
applying the second expansion fertilizer to 8 middle-of-month-old days when the fruits expand rapidly to 35 days before bag removal, and applying 0.5-1 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (20-10-20) or organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (15-7-28) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2:1: 2-4 to the plants;
(4) foliage fertilizer
Spraying 500-600 times of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced organosilicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) for more than 3 times before sprouting and bagging;
spraying 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with organic silicon for more than 3 times after bagging and before unloading;
spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer twice in the young fruit period, and spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer once before bag unloading;
(5) fertilizer for fruit picking
Applying 0.5-1 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) or (28-10-7) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 3:1:1 to each plant after fruit picking;
spraying 3 times of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) after unloading fruits to before defoliation, spraying 500-600 times of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) 45 days before defoliation for the first time, 30 days before defoliation for the second time and 15 days before defoliation for the third time, spraying 300-400 times of liquid and 100-200 times of liquid in sequence every 667m2The fertilizer liquid amount is 200-250 kg.
The further technical scheme is that the farmyard manure is sheep and livestock manure, green manure or straw manure which is fermented, decomposed and harmlessly treated, and the application method is furrow application.
The further technical scheme is that in the step (1), the silicate bacteria agent is giant micro silicate bacteria agent produced by Hebei giant micro-organism engineering company Limited, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/ml; the biological organic fertilizer containing the silicate bacteria agent is a huge microbial organic fertilizer produced by Hebei huge microbial engineering limited company, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2000 ten thousand/g; the organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer and the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer are produced by Hebei silicon valley fertilizer industry Co Ltd; if silicate bacteria are applied, diluting by 50-100 times and spraying the diluted solution into a fertilizing ditch, if bio-organic fertilizer containing silicate bacteria is applied, respectively scattering the bio-organic fertilizer and organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer all over the garden, and then carrying out rotary tillage or plowing to insert soil.
The further technical scheme is that in the step (2), the organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer is applied in a water and fertilizer integrated mode.
The further technical scheme is that in the step (3), the application mode of the first expanding fertilizer is multi-point hole application.
The further technical scheme is that in the step (3), the second expansion fertilizer is applied in a water and fertilizer integrated mode.
The further technical scheme is that in the step (3), 0.3-0.5 kg of organosilicon major-element water-soluble fertilizer (10-5-35) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2:1:7 can be used for replacing the second expansion fertilizer.
In the step (4), 500-600 times of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced type organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) is sprayed for more than 3 times within 15 days after leaf spreading, 15 days after flowers and one week before bagging, and each 667m of the fertilizer is sprayed2The fertilizer liquid amount is 150-200 kg; the dosage of the 500 times solution of the organic silicon potassium dihydrogen phosphate for more than 3 times is 667m2The fertilizer liquid amount is 150-200 kg, and the interval is 20-30 days; spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer twice in young fruit period within 15 days after flowering and 1 week before bagging, wherein each 667m of the fertilizer is sprayed2The fertilizer liquid amount is 150-200 kg, and the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer is green organic active calcium produced by Yanglingdu biotechnology limited company; spraying the efficient calcium fertilizer one time before unloading the bags within one week before unloading the bags, wherein each 667m2The fertilizer liquid amount is 150-200 kg, and the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer is green organic active calcium produced by Yanglingdu biotechnology limited company.
The further technical scheme is that in the step (5), the organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) or (28-10-7) is applied by injection through a fertilizer gun.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: by adopting the fertilizing method, the orchard soil is improved, the yield, commodity rate and high-quality rate of apples are greatly improved, the comprehensive quality is improved, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 50%, and the operating benefit of the orchard is improved from 1-1.5 ten thousand yuan to 2-5 ten thousand yuan.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
An apple tree fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer
The base fertilizer is applied in one month before leaf falling after the transpiration of the apple tree leaves is basically stopped (the highest daily temperature is reduced to 22-24 ℃, and most of the years are from the last 9 to the last 10 months), so that the phenomena of top autumn rising and late leaf falling after the fertilizer is applied at high temperature are avoided, and the storage nutritional function of the autumn base fertilizer is better exerted. The base fertilizer comprises:
applying 2-3 kg of farmyard manure to 1kg of fruits produced, wherein the farmyard manure is fermented, matured and harmlessly treated sheep and livestock manure, green manure or straw manure, and manure produced by feeding pigs and chickens with commercial feed is not applied;
the silicate microbial inoculum or the biological organic fertilizer containing the silicate microbial inoculum is a giant micro-silicate microbial inoculum produced by the Hebei giant micro-biological engineering company Limited, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/ml, the biological organic fertilizer containing the silicate microbial inoculum is a giant micro-biological organic fertilizer produced by the Hebei giant micro-biological engineering company Limited, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2000 ten thousand/g. Each 667m of silicate bacteria agent2Applying 5-10 kg of the fertilizer, and applying 4-7.5 kg of the biological organic fertilizer containing silicate bacteria;
2-3 kg of organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer, namely organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (22-14-14) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 3:2:2 or organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (25-15-10) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 5:3: 2;
in the fertilizing method, farmyard manure is required to be applied in a ditch, the radial ditch is 30-60 cm deep from inside to outside, the annular ditch and the strip ditch are 40-60 cm deep, and the farmyard manure and ditch soil are uniformly mixed and filled; if silicate bacteria are applied, diluting by 50-100 times and spraying the diluted silicate bacteria into a fertilizing ditch, if bio-organic fertilizers containing silicate bacteria are applied, respectively broadcasting the bio-organic fertilizers and organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizers all over the garden, and then carrying out rotary tillage or plowing for soil. The nutrients of the soil with the surface layer of 0-30 cm and the concentrated distribution of the superficial root systems are more sufficient, better and more balanced, and the soil is improved by the ditch fertilizer and the rich surface layer is obtained. The ditching requires changing positions every year, and the purpose of full garden penetration is realized year by year so as to improve the comprehensive supply capacity of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of the soil.
(2) Spring top dressing
Applying 0.5-0.75 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) or organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (28-10-7) in a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (3: 1: 1) in a water-fertilizer integrated manner 3-7 days after flower withering; the post-flowering tree vigor is weakened and is applied more, otherwise, the post-flowering tree vigor is applied less, researches show that the top dressing in the middle 4 th of the late-flowering period has the highest nitrogen yield which reaches 48 percent, the maximum contribution rate to the increase of the weight of a single fruit reaches 50.6 percent, and potassium can improve the potassium content of the bark and inhibit the expansion of rotten scars.
(3) Expanding fertilizer
The expanding fertilizer is applied for two times to fully play the time-interval effect of the fertilizer application, so as to ensure the full expansion and normal coloring of the fruits and promote the flower bud differentiation;
1.5-2 kg of organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (18-8-26) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2:1:3 is applied to the plant before the first expansion fertilizer is applied to the bag, namely the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, the nutrition center of the fruit tree is transferred to the fruit from branches and leaves as soon as possible by improving osmotic pressure, and the application mode is mainly multi-point hole application.
And (3) applying the second expansion fertilizer to 8 middle days of the month when the fruits rapidly expand to 35 days before bag unloading, applying 0.5-1 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (20-10-20) or organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (15-7-28) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2:1: 2-4 to the plant, and applying 0.3-0.5 kg of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (10-5-35) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2:1:7 to the plant instead of applying the second expansion fertilizer in an integrated water-fertilizer manner for early coloring, early bag unloading and early marketing. The tractor can not carry out rotary tillage after the two times of expanding fertilizers are spread, so that the root system of the shallow layer can be seriously damaged. Practice proves that the swelling fertilizer is applied twice, a fruit rapid swelling peak appears after the bag is removed, the size of the fruit is improved by 2 grades, and the commodity rate is obviously improved.
(4) Foliage fertilizer
Spraying 500-600 times of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced type organosilicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) for more than 3 times before sprouting and bagging, and respectively spraying the fertilizer after leaf unfolding, 15 days after flowers and one week before bagging, wherein each 667m of the fertilizer is sprayed2The fertilizer liquid amount is 150-200 kg;
spraying organic silicon monopotassium phosphate 500 times after bagging and before unloadingThe liquid is applied for more than 3 times, and the dosage is 667m each time2The fertilizer liquid amount is 150-200 kg, and the interval is 20-30 days;
spraying 2000 times of the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer twice in the young fruit period, spraying 2000 times of the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer once before bag unloading, spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer twice in the young fruit period within 15 days after the flowers are planted and 1 week before the bags are bagged respectively, and spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer every 667m2The fertilizer liquid amount is 150-200 kg; spraying the efficient calcium fertilizer one time before unloading the bags within one week before unloading the bags, wherein each 667m2The fertilizer liquid amount is 150-200 kg. The high-efficiency calcium fertilizer is green organic active calcium produced by Yanglingdu biotechnology limited company and contains 100g/L calcium.
The method for always spraying and re-spraying the urea solution in the past is firmly corrected, the always sprayed and re-sprayed urea solution enables the leaves to be large and thick, but the nitrogen content of the leaves is too high, so that calcium in later fruits flows back to the leaves, and the phosphorus content of the leaves is low, and the formation of flower buds is not facilitated.
(5) Fertilizer for fruit picking
And timely supplementing fertilizer after fruit picking to avoid nutrient deficiency after fruit picking. After fruits are picked, 0.5-1 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) or (28-10-7) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 3:1:1 is injected into each plant through a fertilizing gun.
Spraying 3 times of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) before fallen leaves after unloading fruits, improving the first flower ratio, preventing big leaf buds from appearing, spraying 500-600 times of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20), 300-400 times of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 100-200 times of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20) in sequence every 667m for 45 days before fallen leaves, 30 days before fallen leaves and 15 days before fallen leaves for the third time2The fertilizer liquid amount is 200-250 kg.
Example (b):
yangkun orchard, Chengcheng county, Wangzhuangzhengluochun, area 3667m2Variety Fuji 2001, planting density 55 plants/667 m2And 4, vigorous development, garden construction in 2004 and well irrigation. The apple tree fertilization method was tested in 2018.
(1) Base fertilizer
Applying base fertilizer 10 months and 10 days in 2018, and applying 2kg of farmyard manure to 1kg of fruits produced each time, wherein the farmyard manure is a sheep and livestock manure, cattle manure and straw mixed fertilizer which is fermented, matured and subjected to harmless treatment; 2kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (22-14-14) produced by Hebei silicon valley fertilizer industry Co., Ltd is selected and applied; 4kg of giant microbial organic fertilizer containing silicate bacteria is applied in a matched manner; applying farmyard manure in an open-loop ditch, and carrying out rotary tillage and soil penetration by a walking tractor after applying the organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer and the giant microbial organic fertilizer in a garden. And after the fruits are harvested in 2018, the content of organic matters in the soil is 1.41 percent, the volume weight of the soil is 1.28 g/cm 3, and the soil is fertile and loose.
(2) Spring top dressing
Applying 0.5kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) in a water-fertilizer integrated mode 3 days after flower withering.
(3) Expanding fertilizer
The expanding fertilizer is applied in two times, the expanding fertilizer is applied 5 months and 25 days to 28 days before bagging for the first time, and 1.5kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (18-8-26) is applied to the plant. The second time of the expansion fertilizer is applied to 8 middle-aged ten days, and 0.5kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (20-10-20) is applied to the plants. The first expanding fertilizer hole application is carried out, 6 acupuncture points are arranged on each plant, and the second expanding fertilizer application gun is used for injection application.
(4) Foliage fertilizer
Spraying 500 times of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced type organosilicon macroelement water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) once after leaf spreading in 3-22 days, fruit setting in 8 days in 5 months, 26 days in 5 months and 28 days (before bagging), wherein each 667m of the fertilizer is sprayed2The fertilizer liquid amount is 200 kg;
spraying 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 667m for 6 months, 20 days, 7 months, 10 days and 9 months and 12 days (after bagging and before unloading)2The fertilizer liquid amount is 200 kg;
spraying 2000 times of the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer once every 5 months, 8 days and 26 days (young fruit period) in 5 months, spraying 2000 times of the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer once every 12 days (before bag unloading) in 9 months, 667m2The amount of the fertilizer liquid is 200 kg.
(5) Fertilizer for fruit picking
And (3) applying 0.5kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) to the plants 8-12 days after fruit picking, and performing injection application by using a fertilizer gun.
Spraying organosilicon macroelement water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) 3 times after unloading fruit and before defoliation, sequentially spraying organosilicon macroelement fertilizer 45 days (about 10 months and 15 days) before defoliation for the first time, 30 days (about 10 months and 30 days) before defoliation for the second time, and 15 days (about 11 months and 15 days) before defoliation for the third time500 times, 300 times and 150 times of element water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) per 667m2The amount of the fertilizer liquid is 250 kg.
Compared with the traditional fertilizing method, the fertilizing method for the new apple trees has the following effects:
in 2018, every 667m of poplar and motherland orchard generally has frozen flowers in spring23000kg of apples are produced, the fruit surface is smooth and bright, the color is bright, the commodity rate is as high as 92%, 9% of fine apples in gift boxes are sold at a price of 14 yuan/kg, 9 yuan/kg of commercial fruits are sold at a price of 4 yuan/kg of defective fruits, and 27000 yuan/667 m of income from selling the apples2Every 667m2The fertilizer investment is 2600 yuan.
In 2018, spring is harmed by advection frost, the yield of Luocheng village is reduced due to frozen flowers, but the orchard for populus and kun with excellent nutritional status can maintain the normal yield, the summer of the year suffers from severe drought, the phenomenon of fruit water loss and wilting generally occurs after the bags are unloaded, the wilting rate is as high as 38-45%, the commodity rate is generally 55-62%, and the fruit selling income is 12000 yuan/667 m on average2On the left and right, the Yang Kun orchard has no water-loss wilting fruit due to the adoption of a new apple tree fertilizing method, and has the highest commodity rate and the highest selling price in the local village.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An apple tree fertilizing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer
Applying a base fertilizer to the apple tree leaves within one month after the transpiration of the apple tree leaves is basically stopped and before the apple tree leaves fall, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components:
applying 2-3 kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure to 1kg of fruits produced per farmyard manure;
the production method comprises the following steps of (1) applying 5-10 kg of silicate bacteria agent or 4-7.5 kg of biological organic fertilizer containing silicate bacteria agent to every 667 square meter;
2-3 kg of organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer, namely organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (22-14-14) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 3:2:2 or organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (25-15-10) with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 5:3: 2;
(2) spring top dressing
Applying 0.5-0.75 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) or organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (28-10-7) according to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 3:1:1 3 after flower withering;
(3) expanding fertilizer
The expanding fertilizer is applied for two times to fully play the time-interval effect of the fertilizer application, so as to ensure the full expansion and normal coloring of the fruits and promote the flower bud differentiation;
1.5-2 kg of organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (18-8-26) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2:1:3 is applied to the strain before the first expansion fertilizer is applied to the bags, namely the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months;
applying the second expansion fertilizer to 8 middle-of-month-old days when the fruits expand rapidly to 35 days before bag removal, and applying 0.5-1 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (20-10-20) or organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (15-7-28) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2:1: 2-4 to the plants;
(4) foliage fertilizer
Spraying 500-600 times of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced organosilicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) for more than 3 times before sprouting and bagging;
spraying 500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with organic silicon for more than 3 times after bagging and before unloading;
spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer twice in the young fruit period, and spraying the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer once before bag unloading;
(5) fertilizer for fruit picking
Applying 0.5-1 kg of organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) or (28-10-7) with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 3:1:1 to each plant after fruit picking;
spraying 3 times of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) after unloading fruits to before falling leaves, spraying 500-600 times of organic silicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) 45 days before falling leaves for the first time, 30 days before falling leaves for the second time, and 15 days before falling leaves for the third time, and spraying 300-400 times of liquid and 100-200 times of liquid in sequence, wherein the liquid amount of the fertilizer per 667 square meter is 200-250 kg.
2. The apple tree fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the farmyard manure is sheep manure, green manure or straw manure which is fermented, matured and harmlessly treated, and the fertilizing method is furrow application.
3. The apple tree fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the silicate bacteria agent is giant micro silicate bacteria agent produced by giant micro-organism engineering limited company in Hebei, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/ml; the biological organic fertilizer containing the silicate bacteria agent is a huge microbial organic fertilizer produced by Hebei huge microbial engineering limited company, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2000 ten thousand/g; the organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer and the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer are produced by Hebei silicon valley fertilizer industry Co Ltd; if silicate bacteria are applied, diluting by 50-100 times and spraying the diluted solution into a fertilizing ditch, if bio-organic fertilizer containing silicate bacteria is applied, respectively scattering the bio-organic fertilizer and organic silicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer all over the garden, and then carrying out rotary tillage or plowing to insert soil.
4. The apple tree fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the organosilicon water-soluble slow-release fertilizer is applied in a water-fertilizer integrated manner.
5. The apple tree fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the first expanding fertilizer is applied in a multi-point hole application manner.
6. The apple tree fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the second expanding fertilizer is applied in a water-fertilizer integrated manner.
7. The apple tree fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein in the step (3), the second expanding fertilizer can be replaced by 0.3-0.5 kg of organosilicon macroelement water soluble fertilizer (10-5-35) with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 2:1: 7.
8. The apple tree fertilizing method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (4), 500-600 times of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance type organosilicon macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) is sprayed for more than 3 times in a weight ratio within 150-200 kg per 667 square meter of fertilizer liquid amount after leaf spreading, 15 days after flower spreading and one week before bagging respectively; more than 3 times, the dosage of 500 times of the organic silicon potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid is 150-200 kg of the liquid fertilizer per 667 square meter at intervals of 20-30 days; the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer is sprayed in 15 days after the flowers are bloomed and in 1 week before bagging in the young fruit period respectively, the liquid amount of the fertilizer is 150-200 kg per 667 square meter, and the high-efficiency calcium fertilizer is green organic active calcium produced by Yanglingdu biotechnology limited company; the efficient calcium fertilizer is sprayed within one week before bag unloading, the liquid amount of the fertilizer is 150-200 kg per 667 square meter, and the efficient calcium fertilizer is green organic active calcium produced by Yanglingdu biotechnology limited company.
9. The apple tree fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the silicone water-soluble slow-release fertilizer (30-10-10) or (28-10-7) is applied by injecting through a fertilizing gun.
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