CN111837778A - Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage - Google Patents

Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111837778A
CN111837778A CN202010679501.2A CN202010679501A CN111837778A CN 111837778 A CN111837778 A CN 111837778A CN 202010679501 A CN202010679501 A CN 202010679501A CN 111837778 A CN111837778 A CN 111837778A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
application amount
apples
growth period
whole growth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010679501.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马荣辉
郭跃升
王华云
江丽华
刘延生
程冬冬
徐钰
李俊林
董艳红
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Original Assignee
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences filed Critical Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority to CN202010679501.2A priority Critical patent/CN111837778A/en
Publication of CN111837778A publication Critical patent/CN111837778A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a 'replacement-dedicated-refined-reduced' irrigation fertilization method for apples at each growth stage, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The invention integrates technical measures such as organic fertilizer substitution, stage-specific formula fertilizer, acidified soil improvement, water and fertilizer integrated precise fertilization and the like according to target yield, water demand, fertilizer demand rule, soil nutrient content condition and the like of an apple orchard, distributes total irrigation water and fertilizer application amount in different growth stages of apples, and timely and properly conveys water and nutrients to soil at the root of crops, thereby being a novel water-saving, fertilizer-saving, labor-saving and efficient irrigation and fertilization method. Compared with the traditional apple orchard water and fertilizer management method, the method disclosed by the invention can greatly improve the yield and quality of apples, reduce the labor input and increase the economic benefit of apple planting.

Description

Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a 'replacement-dedicated-refined-reduced' fertigation method for apples at each growth stage.
Background
Apples are perennial crops, and in order to pursue high yield and large fruits, many fruit growers blindly increase the application of chemical fertilizers and partial application of nitrogen fertilizers, insufficient application of organic fertilizers, unreasonable irrigation and the like, the phenomena of low nutrient utilization efficiency and the like are generally caused, so that not only is a large amount of water and fertilizers wasted, but also soil hardening, acidification, imbalance of nutrient proportion and increase of apple diseases are caused, and the yield and the quality of fruit trees are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a 'replacement-dedicated-fine-reduction' fertigation method for apples at each growth stage, which can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the yield and quality of apples.
The invention provides a 'replacement-special-essence-reduction' irrigation and fertilization method for apples at each growth stage, which comprises the following steps:
1) applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3-4 tons of farmyard manure per mu or 1000-1200 Kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 45-55% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 36 to 44 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 18 to 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 20-30 m3Per mu, irrigating again before sealing and freezing, and the water consumption is 28-32 m3Per mu;
2) before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 27 to 33 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27-33 m3Per mu;
3) before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p 2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu;
4) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 18-22% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu;
5) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 18 to 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu;
6) in the fruit expanding period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 27 to 33 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27-33 m 3Per mu;
7) before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 18-22 m3Per mu;
in the whole apple growth cycle, according to the target yield of 1000-6000 Kg/mu, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is determined to be 6-30 Kg/mu, P2O5The total application amount of the fertilizer is 3-16 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of the O is 7-30 Kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step 1), the tree disc watering mode is adopted for the two times of irrigation.
Preferably, the application amount of the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apple is determined according to the target yield level of the apple orchard:
target yield Kg/mu 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
The fertilizing amount of N is Kg/mu/year 6～8 10～12 14～16 18～22 24～27 28～30
P2O5The fertilizing amount is Kg/mu/year 3～4 5～7 7～9 9～11 12～14 15～16
K2The potassium applying amount of O is Kg/mu/year 7～9 12～14 16～18 19～22 23～25 27～30
。
Preferably, 2) application of phosphate fertilizer and irrigation before germination, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 30m3Per mu;
3) before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 25m 3Per mu;
4) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 20% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 25m3Per mu;
5) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is the whole apple20% of the total application amount of the potash fertilizer in the growth period; the water consumption for irrigation is 25m3Per mu;
6) in the fruit expansion period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 30 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 30m3Per mu;
7) before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 20m3Per mu.
Preferably, when the pH value of the soil in the apple garden is less than or equal to 5.2, the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 6.5-7.0 from 3 middle of the month to 4 middle of the month.
Preferably, in continuous rainfall weather, when the precipitation of the soil is not reduced to the irrigation water consumption, the fertilizer injection irrigation is still carried out until the irrigation water consumption is required in each period.
Preferably, when the soil of the orchard is loess matrix or limestone weathered matrix, the using amount of the potassium fertilizer is reduced; determining the use amount of the potash fertilizer to be 50-80% of the application quality of the potash fertilizer required by each stage according to the soil potassium content.
Preferably, the method also comprises applying medium trace elements by adopting a method of foliage spraying;
before germination, spraying nutrient solution to the apple orchard with early leaf fall in the last year for 3 times at intervals of 5 days; the nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 3 mass percent of urea and 0.5 mass percent of borax; spraying zinc sulfate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-2% to an apple orchard with petioles;
after sprouting, spraying zinc sulfate aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% on an apple orchard with petioles.
Preferably, in the flowering phase, continuously spraying 2 times of borax water solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% -0.4%;
and continuously spraying aqueous solution of ferric citrate with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% for 2-3 times in the apple orchard with yellow leaf disease in the long-term vigorous young shoots.
Preferably, in the apple fruit setting period, continuously spraying 2 times of aqueous solution of borax with the mass concentration of 0.3% -0.4% to an apple orchard with fruit shrinking diseases, wherein each time interval is 5 d; before bagging, continuously spraying 0.3-0.4% calcium nitrate aqueous solution with mass concentration for 2-3 times at intervals of 5 days on an apple orchard suffering from the bitter pox;
before defoliation, physiological diseases are prevented and treated, and zinc boron nutrient solution is sprayed for 3 times, wherein the zinc boron nutrient solution comprises aqueous solution containing 1-10% of urea by mass concentration, 0.5-2% of zinc sulfate by mass concentration and 0.5-2% of borax by mass concentration.
The invention provides a 'replacement-dedicated-fine-reduction' irrigation fertilization method for each growth stage of apples, which is a fertilizer and water management method aiming at fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement in apple orchard, and comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer replaces a chemical fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is additionally applied to the base fertilizer to replace the chemical fertilizer with the same proportion; the 'special': the special formula fertilizer is prepared according to the yield of apples, the soil nutrient condition and the nutrient requirement rule of different growth stages, and the special formula fertilizer is applied; "refined": accurately applying fertilizer, namely accurately applying a special formula fertilizer according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the apples in different growth periods by adopting a water-fertilizer integrated fertilization and irrigation technology; "subtract": and (4) reducing the amount of the fertilizer, and reducing the application amount of the fertilizer by the above precise fertilization technology. The method provided by the invention can integrate technical measures such as organic fertilizer substitution, stage-specific formula fertilizer, acidified soil improvement, water and fertilizer integrated precise fertilization and the like according to the target yield, water requirement, fertilizer requirement rule, soil nutrient content condition and the like of the apple orchard, distributes the total irrigation water quantity and the fertilization quantity in different growth stages of the apples, and timely and appropriately conveys water and nutrients to the soil at the root of crops, thereby being a novel water-saving, fertilizer-saving, labor-saving and efficient irrigation fertilization method; the method provided by the invention can accurately control the fertilizing amount and the watering amount. The method is simple and convenient to operate, the utilization efficiency of the water and the fertilizer is obviously improved, the yield of the apples is increased, the quality of the apples is improved, and the ecological environment is protected and safe. Compared with the traditional apple orchard fertilizing method, the method can save water by about 40 percent, save 30 to 50 percent of fertilizer, save 50 percent of labor, increase the yield by more than 10 percent, improve the commodity rate of fruits by 10 percent, save cost per mu and increase efficiency by more than 1000 yuan.
Furthermore, the method provided by the invention specifically limits the improvement method of the acidified soil, and the acidified soil conditioner is additionally applied to improve and repair the acidified soil according to the acidification condition of the orchard soil.
Furthermore, the method provided by the invention specifically limits the management method for supplementing the medium and trace elements aiming at the problems of high-yield orchards, soil obstacles or unreasonable application of macroelement fertilizers, low content of the trace elements in soil and lack of the medium and trace elements, and realizes the purposes of improving the commodity rate of apples and ensuring stable production of the apple orchards.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a 'replacement-special-essence-reduction' irrigation and fertilization method for apples at each growth stage, which comprises the following steps:
1) applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3-4 tons of farmyard manure per mu or 1000-1200 Kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 45-55% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 36 to 44 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 18 to 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 20-30 m 3Per mu, irrigating again before sealing and freezing, and the water consumption is 28-32 m3Per mu;
2) before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 27 to 33 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27-33 m3Per mu;
3) before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu;
4) applying fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after bloomingIrrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 18-22% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu;
5) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k 2The application amount of O is 18 to 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu;
6) in the fruit expanding period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 27 to 33 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27-33 m3Per mu;
7) before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 18-22 m3Per mu;
in the whole apple growth cycle, according to different target yields of 1000-6000 Kg/mu, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is determined to be 6-30 Kg/mu, P2O5The total application amount of the fertilizer is 3-16 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of the O is 7-30 Kg/mu.
In the invention, base fertilizer is applied after the apples are harvested and before the apples fall off leaves: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3-4 tons of farmyard manure per mu or 1000-1200 Kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 45-55% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 36 to 44 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k 2The application amount of O is 18 to 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; donor baseIrrigating after fertilizing, wherein the water consumption is 20-30 m3Per mu, irrigating again before sealing and freezing, and the water consumption is 28-32 m3Per mu.
In the invention, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 3 tons of farmyard manure per mu or 1000Kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu. The preparation method of the farmyard manure is not particularly limited, and the preparation method of the farmyard manure well known in the field can be adopted. The source of the commercial organic fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the commercial organic fertilizer can be obtained by adopting a common purchasing way of the commercial organic fertilizer well known in the field. The method for applying the base fertilizer is not particularly limited, and a method for applying the base fertilizer known in the art may be used. The application amount of N in the fertilizer is preferably 50% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is preferably 50 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of the O is preferably 20% of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples. The application amount of the fertilizer is preferably determined according to the target yield level of the apple orchard, and specifically comprises the following steps:
target yield Kg/mu 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
The fertilizing amount of N is Kg/mu/year 6～8 10～12 14～16 18～22 24～27 28～30
P2O5The fertilizing amount is Kg/mu/year 3～4 5～7 7～9 9～11 12～14 15～16
K2The potassium applying amount of O is Kg/mu/year 7～9 12～14 16～18 19～22 23～25 27～30
。
In the invention, the tree tray watering mode is preferably adopted in both the two times of irrigation, the tree tray watering saves water compared with the conventional flood irrigation, and the tree tray irrigation is easy to thoroughly irrigate and has better effect. After the base fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer is irrigated, so that the solubility of the fertilizer is improved, the fertilizer is released into the soil as soon as possible, the requirements of fruit trees in apple orchards on nutrient elements are supplemented, and the nutrition is reserved. Irrigation before freezing is beneficial to fully absorbing moisture of the apple trees in the overwintering period and is beneficial to quick germination in the spring of the next year.
In the invention, when the pH value of the soil in the apple garden is less than or equal to 5.2, the pH value of the soil is preferably adjusted to 6.5-7.0 from 3 to 4 in the middle of the month. Preferably applying quicklime, shell powder or other acidified soil conditioners for improvement, wherein the dosage of the quicklime, the shell powder or other acidified soil conditioners is determined according to the soil acidification degree in each season, and the application dosage is generally 100-300 Kg/mu per season or according to the soil conditioner product specification.
Before germination, phosphate fertilizer and irrigation are applied, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 27 to 33 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27-33 m3Per mu.
In the present invention, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is preferably 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 30m 3Per mu. The irrigation is preferably carried out by a dropper method. P accounting for 30 percent of total phosphorus fertilizer application amount is applied before germination2O5The purpose of the method is to promote the growth and development of the newly born root system and the newly grown tip of the apple tree; at the moment, the insufficient supply of phosphorus nutrients can influence the growth of new nutrient root systems and new shoots, and further influence the fruit setting rate and the yield of fruit trees.
Before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu.
In the invention, the application amount of N in the fertilizer is preferably 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is preferably 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of the O is preferably 10% of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples. The fertilizer variety can be selected from balanced universal water-soluble fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O20-20-20). The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied in the flowering period in a balanced manner, so that the sufficient supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the fruit trees is guaranteed, the requirement of the apple trees for water and fertilizer is met, the apple flowers are promoted to normally open, the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate are improved, and the apple trees can be promoted to blossom The root system of (2) grows.
In the present invention, the amount of water used for irrigation is preferably 25m3Per mu. The irrigation is preferably carried out by a dropper method. Taking Bohai sea apple growing area as an example, the spring festival is usually dry and rainless, and at the moment, the water and fertilizer supply is very important for the key period of apple root growth, flowering and fruit setting. The sufficient irrigation can influence the growth of fruit trees, and the large water flood irrigation (excessive irrigation) can not only cause water resource waste, but also cause a series of problems of soil hardening, nutrient infiltration, death of nutrient roots of fruit trees and the like. Drip irrigation of 25m is selected according to soil moisture content3The water can be efficiently utilized by fruit trees in a per mu mode.
In the method, fertilizer and irrigation are applied 2-4 weeks after blooming, and the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 18-22% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu.
In the invention, the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 20% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k 2The application amount of the O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples. The chemical fertilizer variety can be selected from high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O25-5-10). The water consumption for irrigation is 25m3Per mu. The irrigation is preferably carried out by a dropper method.
In the invention, fertilizer and irrigation are applied 6-8 weeks after blooming, and the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 18 to 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu.
In the invention, the application amount of N in the fertilizer is preferably 1 of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples0％；P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is preferably 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is preferably 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 25m3Per mu. The fertilizer variety can be selected from balanced universal water-soluble fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O20-20-20). The water consumption for irrigation is 25m3Per mu. The irrigation is preferably carried out by a dropper method. The fertilizer and water limited application within 2-8 weeks after flowering mainly prevents excess nutrients and water, vigorous tree vigor, excessive flowering and fruit setting, exceeding the fruit tree load capacity and overcoming the problem of fruiting in large and small years.
In the fruit expanding period, fertilizer and irrigation are applied, and the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples; k2The application amount of O is 27 to 33 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27-33 m3Per mu.
In the invention, the application amount of N in the fertilizer is preferably 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of apples; k2The application amount of O is preferably 30 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is preferably 30m3Per mu. The chemical fertilizer can be selected from high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O25-5-10). The water consumption for irrigation is 30m3Per mu. The irrigation is preferably carried out by a dropper method. In the period, the fruit is changed from the cell division period to the key period which mainly increases the cell volume and ensures high yield and high quality of apples, and at the moment, sufficient nutrition needs to be provided, and a scientific and reasonable fertilization mode needs to be mastered. The apple fruit expansion period generally takes potassium fertilizer as a main application, and proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented according to the growth condition of apple trees. Too high or too low fertilization can reduce apple fruit quality.
Before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 18-22 m 3Per mu.
In the present invention, K2The application amount of O is excellentSelecting 10% of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is preferably 20m3Per mu. The potash fertilizer can promote the nutrient transport of crops, is beneficial to fruit enlargement and tissue maturation, accelerates growth, and improves resistance and commodity property.
The invention has no special limit on the type of the applied nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, can refer to the nutrient quantity provided by an irrigation fertilization schedule, can select other fertilizer variety combinations, and can convert the nutrient quantity into the specific fertilizer quantity.
In the invention, when the soil of the orchard is loess matrix or limestone weathered matrix, the using amount of the potash fertilizer is preferably reduced; the amount of the potash fertilizer is determined according to the soil potassium content, preferably 50-80%, more preferably 60-70%, and most preferably 65% of the application mass of the potash fertilizer required by each stage.
In the invention, the irrigation time and water consumption are judged according to the weather expectation. In continuous rainfall weather, when the precipitation of the soil is not reduced to the irrigation water consumption, the irrigation is preferably carried out by still injecting fertilizer until the water consumption required by each period is reached.
In the invention, in a high-yield orchard, an apple orchard with soil obstacle or unreasonable macroelement fertilizer application, the problem of medium and trace element deficiency can occur due to low content of trace elements in soil, and in order to overcome the problem, the invention preferably also comprises the step of applying medium and trace elements by adopting a method of foliage spraying; the specific method comprises the following steps:
And S1, before sprouting, spraying nutrient solution on the apple orchard with early leaf fall in the last year to increase storage nutrition. The nutrient solution is preferably sprayed for 3 times, and the interval is 5d each time; the nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 3 mass percent of urea and 0.5 mass percent of borax; spraying zinc sulfate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-2% to an apple orchard with petioles.
And S2 after sprouting, spraying zinc sulfate aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% on the apple orchard with petioles.
S3, entering a flowering phase, and preferably continuously spraying 2 times of borax water solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% -0.4%;
s4, continuously spraying aqueous solution of ferric citrate with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% for 2-3 times in the apple orchard with yellow leaf disease in the period of vigorous growth of young shoots.
S5, in the fruit setting period of the apples, continuously spraying 2 times of aqueous solution of borax with the mass concentration of 0.3% -0.4% on apple orchards with fruit shrinking diseases, wherein each time interval is 5 d; before bagging, continuously spraying 0.3-0.4% calcium nitrate aqueous solution with mass concentration for 2-3 times at intervals of 5 days on an apple orchard suffering from the bitter pox;
s6 before defoliation, physiological diseases are prevented and treated, and a zinc-boron nutrient solution is sprayed for 3 times, wherein the zinc-boron nutrient solution comprises an aqueous solution containing 1-10% of urea by mass concentration, 0.5-2% of zinc sulfate by mass concentration and 0.5-2% of borax by mass concentration.
The method provided by the invention is suitable for all kinds of apple orchards, such as red Fuji, golden crown, Gala, red general and the like. The method provided by the invention is suitable for apple planting in China, and especially has guiding significance for apple planting in Shandong areas. By reasonably planning the water and fertilizer consumption and fine management in different growth stages, compared with the traditional growth management method for apple orchards, the method provided by the invention can effectively save the water consumption and the fertilizer consumption, reduce the labor investment, simultaneously realize the purposes of increasing the yield and income, greatly improve the commodity rate of fruits, and enable the cost per mu to be saved and the efficiency to reach more than 1000 yuan.
The following will describe in detail the "alternative-specific-refined-reduced" fertigation method for apple in each growth stage according to the present invention with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Experiments were carried out in 2015 in a Tanzhou Shankucun Tanshun of Wen Deng, Weihai, Shandong province, where soil belongs to limestone weathering matrix. The planted apple variety is red Fuji apple, the apple tree of the test plot has the tree age of 8 years, the tree vigor is uniform, the growth vigor is good, and the test plot belongs to an orchard in full bearing age and has the area of 5.1 mu.
The production management of the apple orchard has the target yield of 3000 Kg/mu, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is 15 Kg/mu and P in the whole apple growth cycle2O5Is applied in a total amount of8 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of O is 12 Kg/mu.
Applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000Kg per mu of commercial organic fertilizer; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 45 percent of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 36 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 18 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a tree tray watering mode after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 20m3Per mu, irrigating again by using a tree tray watering method before sealing and freezing, wherein the water consumption is 28m3Per mu;
before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 27 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27m3Per mu;
before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a dropper, wherein the water consumption is 22.5m 3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 18% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a dropper, wherein the water consumption is 22.5m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 percent to 9 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 18 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a dropper, wherein the water consumption is 22.5m3Per mu;
in the fruit expansion period, applying fertilizer and irrigation, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 27 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by adopting a dropper mode, wherein the water consumption is 27m3Per mu;
before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 9 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by adopting a dropper mode, wherein the water consumption is 18m 3Per mu.
The fertilizer is applied at 35 Kg/mu in one year, and the volume of irrigation water is 210m3The yield per mu of apple is 3500 Kg/mu, and the commodity rate of the finished products reaches 98%. The acre output value of the orchard garden is 31200 yuan/acre, and the pure income reaches about 5100 yuan/acre.
Example 2
In 2017, in Dianchui township village in Mengyin county of Shandong province, apple varieties are Yanfu III, the tree ages are 11 years, the apple varieties belong to orchards in full bearing age, and the planting area is 6.5 mu.
The target yield is 4000 Kg/mu, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is 19 Kg/mu and P in the whole apple growth cycle2O5The total application amount of (A) is 10 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of the O is 20 Kg/mu.
Applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 4 tons of farmyard manure per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 55% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 44 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by watering in a tree tray mode after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 30m3Per mu, irrigating again by using a tree tray watering mode before freezing, wherein the water consumption is 32m 3Per mu;
according to the soil acidification degree of the apple orchard, applying an acidification soil conditioner (quicklime and shell powder) in an application amount of 100 Kg/mu per season, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 7.0;
applying phosphate fertilizer before germinationAnd irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 33 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a dropper mode, wherein the water consumption is 33m3Per mu;
before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 27.5m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 22% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the application amount of the K2O is 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 27.5m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p 2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 27.5m3Per mu;
in the fruit expansion period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 33 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 33m3Per mu;
before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 22m3Per mu.
49Kg of fertilizer is applied in one year, the volume of irrigation water is 220m3The yield of the apples is 4650 Kg/mu, and the commodity rate of the fruits reaches 99.2%. Mu of orchardThe yield is 41850 yuan/mu, and the pure income reaches about 5800 yuan/mu.
Example 3
In 2016, in southern Lushan town north flowing village, Yiyuan county, Shandong province, apple variety is Yiyuan red, the age of the tree is 4 years, and the planting area is 4.5 mu.
The target yield is 2000 Kg/mu, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is 11 Kg/mu and P in the whole apple growth cycle 2O5The total application amount of (a) is 6 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of O is 12 Kg/mu.
Applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000Kg commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 50% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 40 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a tree tray watering mode after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 25m3Per mu, irrigating again by using a tree tray watering mode before sealing and freezing, wherein the water consumption is 30m3Per mu;
according to the soil acidification degree of the apple orchard, applying 300 Kg/mu of acidified soil conditioner (quicklime and shell powder) in each season, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6.5;
before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m3Per mu;
before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k 2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
applying fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is the total application of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples20% of the dosage; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the application amount of the K2O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
in the fruit expansion period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 30 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m3Per mu;
before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K 2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 20m3Per mu.
29Kg of fertilizer is applied per mu in one year, and the volume of irrigation water is 200m3The yield of the apples is 2100 Kg/mu, and the success commodity rate reaches 97%. The acre output value of the orchard is 19000 yuan/acre, and the pure income reaches about 3900 yuan/acre.
Example 4
In 2016, in the town of Longshan shop of Penglai city, Shandong province, apple varieties are planted, namely Hongfush, 15-year-old trees belong to orchards in the fruit growing period, and the planting area is 5.5 mu.
The target yield is 5000 Kg/mu, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is 25 Kg/mu and P in the whole apple growth cycle2O5The total application amount of (a) is 13 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of the O is 24 Kg/mu.
Applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3 tons of farmyard manure per mu(ii) a The application amount of N in the fertilizer is 50% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 40 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a tree tray watering mode after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 25m 3Per mu; spraying zinc-boron nutrient solution containing 1% of urea, 2% of zinc sulfate and 1.5% of borax before defoliation to increase storage nutrition and prevent physiological diseases, wherein the spraying is carried out for 3 times, and the interval between every two times is about 7 days; irrigating by watering in tree tray before sealing with water consumption of 30m3Per mu;
according to the soil acidification degree of the apple orchard, applying an acidification soil conditioner (quicklime and shell powder) in an amount of 120 Kg/mu per season, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6.8;
before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m3Per mu; spraying 1% zinc sulfate aqueous solution to correct lobular disease;
before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 20% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k 2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu; continuously spraying 0.3-0.4% borax water solution for 2 times to improve fruit setting rate;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu; continuously spraying 0.4% calcium nitrate water solution 3-4 times before bagging to prevent and treat the bitter pox;
in the fruit expansion period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 30 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m3Per mu;
before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 20m3Per mu.
The fertilizer is applied at 62 Kg/mu in one year, and the volume of irrigation water is 225m 3The yield per mu of apple is 5600 Kg/mu, and the fruit commodity rate reaches 99.7%. The acre yield of the orchard is 50400 yuan/mu, and the pure income reaches about 7500 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 1
Experiments are carried out in an orchard cultivated by Tanzhong Yafeng village Tanmun in Wensheng area of Weihai, Shandong province in 2015, the variety of the apple is red Fuji apple, the tree age of the apple in the experimental plot is 8 years, the tree vigor is uniform, the growth vigor is good, the apple belongs to the orchard in the full bearing period, and the planting area is 2.3 mu.
The target output of the orchard is 3000 Kg/mu by the traditional fertilizing and irrigating method of the apple orchard.
1. Irrigation: watering for 3-6 times in general year, and watering for more than 10 times in some orchards; because the orchard soil texture and the soil moisture content are different, 30-50 m of water is watered per mu each time3Unequal, average 40 cubes or more, annual average watering total 300m3And the above.
2. Fertilizing: the fruit trees in full bearing period generally apply 35-42 Kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) per mu2O5)20 to 22Kg of potassium (K)2O)35～40Kg。
3. And (4) employment: the traditional apple orchard uses about 30 workers per mu.
4. Yield: the yield is about 3000-4000 Kg per mu, generally 2000-3000 Kg. The defective fruit is about 10-15%, and the commodity rate is 85-90%.
5. Income per mu: high-yield orchard income 27000 yuan/mu, pure income: about 3500 yuan.
Comparative example 2
In 2017, in Dianchui township village in Mengyin county of Shandong province, apple varieties are planted, namely Niufu III, the tree ages are 11 years, the apple trees belong to orchards in full bearing age, and the area is 2 mu.
The target yield is 4000 Kg/mu. In the whole apple growth cycle, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is 40-50 Kg/mu, P2O5The total application amount of the fertilizer is 25-30 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of the O is 40-55 Kg/mu.
Applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000Kg commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 40% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 50 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a tree tray watering mode after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 25m3Per mu, irrigating again by using a tree tray watering mode before sealing and freezing, wherein the water consumption is 30m3Per mu;
according to the soil acidification degree of the apple orchard, applying 250 Kg/mu per season of acidified soil conditioner (quicklime and shell powder) and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6.8;
before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, wherein the application amount of N is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 20 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total potassium fertilizer application amount in the whole growth period of the apples, and the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m 3Per mu;
before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 20% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the application amount of the K2O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
in the fruit expansion period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k 2The application amount of O is 30 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m3Per mu;
before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 20m3Per mu.
105-135 Kg of fertilizer is applied in one year, and the volume of irrigation water is 320m3The yield per mu is 3900 Kg/mu, and the commodity rate of the finished products reaches 90.7%. The acre yield of the orchard garden is 31200 yuan/mu, and the pure income reaches 4600 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 3
In 2016, in Yiyuan county, south Lushan town, north running water village, Yiyuan, Shandong province, apple variety is Yiyuan red, the age of the tree is 4 years, and the area is 1.5 mu.
The target yield is 2000 Kg/mu. Whole appleIn the growth period of fruits, the total application amount of N applied in the fertilizer is 30-35 Kg/mu and P2O5The total application amount of the fertilizer is 15-20 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of the O is 30-40 Kg/mu.
Applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000Kg commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 50% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p 2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a tree tray watering mode after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 25m3Per mu, irrigating again by using a tree tray watering mode before sealing and freezing, wherein the water consumption is 30m3Per mu;
according to the soil acidification degree of the apple orchard, applying 250 Kg/mu per season of acidified soil conditioner (quicklime and shell powder) and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6.8;
before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples, and the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m3Per mu;
before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 30% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 30 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m 3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 1 of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples0％；K2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
fruit expansion period, application of fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m3Per mu;
before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 20m3Per mu.
75-95 Kg/mu of fertilizer is applied in one year, the volume of irrigation water is 300/mu, the yield of apples is 1950 Kg/mu, and the success rate of commodities reaches 85.8%. The acre yield of the orchard is 1560 yuan/mu, and the pure income reaches about 3000 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 4
In 2016, in the town of Longshan shop of Penglai city, Shandong province, apple varieties are planted, namely Hongfush, 15-year-old trees belong to orchards in the fruit growing period, and the area is 2.5 mu.
The target yield is 5000 Kg/mu. In the whole apple growth cycle, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is 45-55 Kg/mu, P 2O5The total application amount of the fertilizer is 30-35 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of the O is 50-60 Kg/mu.
Applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000Kg commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 50% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 40 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating by using a tree tray watering mode after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 40m3Per mu;
according to the soil acidification degree of the apple orchard, applying 300 Kg/mu of acidified soil conditioner (quicklime and shell powder) in each season, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6.5;
before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 20m3Per mu;
before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 40m 3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 20% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the application amount of the K2O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 25m3Per mu;
applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 15m3Per mu;
in the fruit expansion period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 30 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 40m3Per mu;
before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation by adopting a dropper mode is 30m 3Per mu.
125-150 Kg/mu of fertilizer is applied in one year, the volume of irrigation water is 350/mu, the yield of apples is 5100 Kg/mu, and the yield of fruits reaches 90.1%. The acre yield of the orchard is 40800 yuan/mu, and the pure income reaches about 4800 yuan/mu.
Compared with the traditional fertigation (comparative example 1), the apple orchard produced and managed by the method provided by the invention can save water by 35-40%, save fertilizer by 30-50%, save labor by 50%, increase yield by more than 10%, improve the commodity rate of fruits by more than 10%, save cost per mu and increase efficiency by more than 1000 yuan. Compared with comparative examples 1-4, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the water and fertilizer consumption of the apple trees in different growth stages is reasonably adjusted, and the yield and quality of the apples are greatly improved under the condition that the water for fertilization is the same.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An alternative-specific-refined-reduced irrigation fertilization method for apples in each growth stage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) applying base fertilizer after harvesting the apples and before leaf falling: the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3-4 tons of farmyard manure per mu or 1000-1200 Kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 45-55% of the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p 2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 36 to 44 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 18 to 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; irrigating after applying base fertilizer, wherein the water consumption is 20-30 m3Per mu, irrigating again before sealing and freezing, and the water consumption is 28-32 m3Per mu;
2) before germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 27 to 33 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27-33 m3Per mu;
3) before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the composition is the whole apple9-11% of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the growth period; k2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu;
4) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 18-22% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m 3Per mu;
5) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 18 to 22 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 22.5-27.5 m3Per mu;
6) in the fruit expanding period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 9-11% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 27 to 33 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 27-33 m3Per mu;
7) before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 9 to 11 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 18-22 m3Per mu;
in the whole apple growth cycle, according to the target yield of 1000-6000 Kg/mu, the total application amount of N in the applied fertilizer is determined to be 6-30 Kg/mu, P2O5The total application amount of the fertilizer is 3-16 Kg/mu, K2The total application amount of the O is 7-30 Kg/mu.
2. The fertigation method of claim 1, wherein in step 1), the tree tray watering mode is adopted for both times of irrigation.
3. The fertigation method of claim 1, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied during the whole growth period of the apple is determined according to the target yield level in the apple orchard:
target yield Kg/mu 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 The fertilizing amount of N is Kg/mu/year 6～8 10～12 14～16 18～22 24～27 28～30 P2O5The fertilizing amount is Kg/mu/year 3～4 5～7 7～9 9～11 12～14 15～16 K2The potassium applying amount of O is Kg/mu/year 7～9 12～14 16～18 19～22 23～25 27～30
。
4. The fertigation method of claim 1, wherein 2) prior to germination, applying phosphate fertilizer and irrigation, P2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 30 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 30m3Per mu;
3) before blooming, applying a fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 25m3Per mu;
4) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 2-4 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 20% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is 10 percent of the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 25m3Per mu;
5) applying a fertilizer and irrigating 6-8 weeks after blooming, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; p 2O5The application amount of the fertilizer is the total application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples10％；K2The application amount of O is 20 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 25m3Per mu;
6) in the fruit expansion period, applying fertilizer and irrigating, wherein the application amount of N in the fertilizer is 10% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; k2The application amount of O is 30 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 30m3Per mu;
7) before picking apples, applying potash fertilizer and irrigation, K2The application amount of O is 10 percent of the total application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period of the apples; the water consumption for irrigation is 20m3Per mu.
5. The fertigation method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein when the pH value of the soil in the apple park is less than or equal to 5.2, the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 6.5-7.0 from 3 to 4 months.
6. The fertigation method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein when the rainfall of the soil does not decrease to the irrigation water amount in continuous rainfall weather, fertilizer injection irrigation is still performed to irrigate to the water amount required in each period.
7. The fertigation method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein when the soil in the orchard is loess matrix or limestone weathered matrix, the amount of potash fertilizer is reduced; determining the use amount of the potash fertilizer to be 50-80% of the application quality of the potash fertilizer required by each stage according to the soil potassium content.
8. The fertigation method of any of claims 1-4, further comprising applying a medium trace element by foliar spray;
before germination, spraying nutrient solution to the apple orchard with early leaf fall in the last year for 3 times at intervals of 5 days; the nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing 3 mass percent of urea and 0.5 mass percent of borax; spraying zinc sulfate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-2% to an apple orchard with petioles;
after sprouting, spraying zinc sulfate aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% on an apple orchard with petioles.
9. The fertigation method of any of claims 1-4,
in the flowering phase, continuously spraying 2 times of borax water solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% -0.4%;
and continuously spraying aqueous solution of ferric citrate with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% for 2-3 times in the apple orchard with yellow leaf disease in the long-term vigorous young shoots.
10. The fertigation method of any of claims 1-4,
in the apple setting period, continuously spraying 2 times of aqueous solution of borax with the mass concentration of 0.3-0.4% to an apple orchard with fruit shrinking disease, wherein each time interval is 5 d; before bagging, continuously spraying 0.3-0.4% calcium nitrate aqueous solution with mass concentration for 2-3 times at intervals of 5 days on an apple orchard suffering from the bitter pox;
Before defoliation, physiological diseases are prevented and treated, and zinc boron nutrient solution is sprayed for 3 times, wherein the zinc boron nutrient solution comprises aqueous solution containing 1-10% of urea by mass concentration, 0.5-2% of zinc sulfate by mass concentration and 0.5-2% of borax by mass concentration.
CN202010679501.2A 2020-07-15 2020-07-15 Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage Pending CN111837778A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010679501.2A CN111837778A (en) 2020-07-15 2020-07-15 Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010679501.2A CN111837778A (en) 2020-07-15 2020-07-15 Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111837778A true CN111837778A (en) 2020-10-30

Family

ID=72983762

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010679501.2A Pending CN111837778A (en) 2020-07-15 2020-07-15 Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111837778A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114073187A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-02-22 中工武大设计集团有限公司 Accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for blueberry with fertilizer saving and quality improvement functions

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101015262A (en) * 2007-03-09 2007-08-15 陕西中农瑞丰化肥科技有限责任公司 Accurate fertilization method for apple tree
CN101341841A (en) * 2008-08-18 2009-01-14 招远市农业技术推广中心 Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple
CN103125194A (en) * 2013-03-15 2013-06-05 山东农业大学 Anniversary application method of leaf fertilizer for red fuji apples
CN104350855A (en) * 2014-11-17 2015-02-18 山东省土壤肥料总站 Application method of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer in full bearing period of apple trees
CN106233908A (en) * 2016-08-05 2016-12-21 上海环垦生态科技股份有限公司 A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101015262A (en) * 2007-03-09 2007-08-15 陕西中农瑞丰化肥科技有限责任公司 Accurate fertilization method for apple tree
CN101341841A (en) * 2008-08-18 2009-01-14 招远市农业技术推广中心 Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple
CN103125194A (en) * 2013-03-15 2013-06-05 山东农业大学 Anniversary application method of leaf fertilizer for red fuji apples
CN104350855A (en) * 2014-11-17 2015-02-18 山东省土壤肥料总站 Application method of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer in full bearing period of apple trees
CN106233908A (en) * 2016-08-05 2016-12-21 上海环垦生态科技股份有限公司 A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method

Non-Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
佚名: "苹果科学施肥技术", 《百度WWW，ZZJNKJ.COM/NEWS/N1021.HTMI》 *
全国土壤普查办公室编: "《中国土壤》", 31 March 1998, 中国农业出版社 *
孙林林: "苹果园水肥一体化施肥模型研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士)信息科技辑》 *
孙霞等: "氮磷钾配比对南疆红富士苹果产量和品质的影响", 《干旱地区农业研究》 *
张磊等: "基于叶片营养诊断的苹果园果树精准施肥模型研究", 《中国土壤与肥料》 *
束怀瑞: "《苹果标准化生产技术原理与参数》", 28 February 2015, 山东科学技术出版社 *
贾文竹等: "《河北省菜地、果园土壤养分状况与调控技术》", 31 December 2007, 中国农业出版社 *
鲍子云: "《宁夏中部干旱带高效节水特色农业综合生产技术》", 30 November 2018, 宁夏人民出版社 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114073187A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-02-22 中工武大设计集团有限公司 Accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for blueberry with fertilizer saving and quality improvement functions

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN100423629C (en) Chemical method for controlling and cultivating high yield high grade hot pepper
CN106233908B (en) Water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for apples
CN102358709A (en) Water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer special for winter wheat and application method for water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer
CN105052332A (en) Grape water and fertilizer integrated irrigation method
CN102934579A (en) Paddy direct planting method for flooded paddy field and winter-free paddy field
CN110790596A (en) Low-temperature-resistant suspended liquid fertilizer capable of intelligently regulating and controlling pH of irrigation water and preparation method and application thereof
CN102487772A (en) Planting method capable of improving pearl guava quality
CN111201967B (en) Water-saving and fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer corn
CN106818006B (en) Water and fertilizer integrated fertilizing method for kiwi fruits
CN109566032B (en) Water and fertilizer regulation and control method for kiwi fruit planting
CN111837778A (en) Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage
CN110903122A (en) Water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing period and application
CN110720343B (en) Cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds
CN210694935U (en) Water and fertilizer integrated system of kiwi fruit upward-spraying and downward-dripping irrigation mode
CN114271145A (en) Method for controlling growth amount of grown medlar branches
CN108017433A (en) A kind of capsicum fertilizer application formula and its fertilizing method
CN112154756A (en) Application method of Hainan summer and autumn leaf vegetable fertilizer
CN111418458A (en) Irrigation method for water saving and stable yield of winter wheat
CN106385905A (en) Fertilization method for outdoor peach
CN110881295B (en) Apple tree fertilizing method
CN114766299B (en) Method for reducing cavity fruits of tomatoes
CN118058159B (en) Rejuvenation method of seed balls after lily cut-flowers are harvested
CN110679254A (en) Standardized drip irrigation culture process flow for crisp carmine peaches
CN110483197A (en) A kind of preparation method for the compound Water soluble fertilizer that fertilizer efficiency is lasting
CN115039626B (en) Simple litchi planting method capable of achieving two-year application

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20201030

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication