CN102934579A - Paddy direct planting method for flooded paddy field and winter-free paddy field - Google Patents

Paddy direct planting method for flooded paddy field and winter-free paddy field Download PDF

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CN102934579A
CN102934579A CN2012104756733A CN201210475673A CN102934579A CN 102934579 A CN102934579 A CN 102934579A CN 2012104756733 A CN2012104756733 A CN 2012104756733A CN 201210475673 A CN201210475673 A CN 201210475673A CN 102934579 A CN102934579 A CN 102934579A
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rice
field
paddy
water
winter
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CN102934579B (en
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徐富贤
熊洪
张�林
朱永川
郭晓艺
刘茂
周兴兵
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RICE AND SORGHUM INSTITUTE SICHUAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a paddy direct planting method for flooded paddy field or winter-free paddy field. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing soil without tillage; fertilizing the paddy field; preparing germinated grains; opening a cage to sow; coating seeds with mud; weeding for the paddy field; homogenizing density and filling thinness; and applying flower promoting fertilizer. According to the paddy direct planting method, rice grains and germinated paddy grains are mixed and sown, so that seeds can be sown uniformly, and the degree of homogenizing density and filling thinness is specified in the seedling homogenizing process, basic seedlings are remarkably improved to promote remarkable increase of the number of effective ear of paddy, and the paddy yield is remarkably improved. According to the method, variety and seeding time of paddy are not constrained by crops for rotation, and the rice seedling has strong lodging-resistance capability. The method has the characteristics of high paddy yield, time and labor saving, cost reduction and high economical benefit.

Description

A kind of for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of crops, be specifically related to a kind of for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice.
Background technology
Paddy field with ponded water in winter refers to the rice field of retaining in winter rice cultivation in the coming year, the vast rural area of China is because with a varied topography, the water conservancy projects shortcoming, the water conservancy irrigation condition is poor, add the impact of climatic factor, in the mountain area, hills and the area that often suffers arid, the mode that generally adopts the paddy field with ponded water in winter retaining is to guarantee the water needs of Rice Cropping in the coming year, the paddy field with ponded water in winter fertility is higher, water retention capacity is strong.In above-mentioned these areas, because water condition is poor, also exist field in very large a part of winter slack, the rice field of rice cultivation in the coming year that refers to lie fallow winter, field in winter slack.China have at present paddy field with ponded water in winter and winter slack about 2,000 ten thousand mu of field, mainly be distributed in In The Southeast of Sichuan Basin and northern territory.
Existing paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field Rice Cropping generally adopt the method for transplanting after the first seedling to plant, the implantation methods of seedling and transplanting not only requires to have abundant water resources but also time-consuming, effort, production cost is high, and the paddy field with ponded water in winter fertility is strong, Transplanting Density is high, and the Chang Yin in the transplanting process of peasant household does not reach the Transplanting Density requirement and affects the output of paddy rice.Since paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field generally in the mountain area, the hills and often suffer the arid the area exist, and the seasonal droughts such as these regional long-term easily generation winters do, spring drought, non-irrigated even dry season in summer, transplanting seedlings season normally, often postponed the time of transplanting seedlings owing to waiting rain to transplant seedlings without sufficient water source, the postponement of the time of transplanting seedlings has caused rice anthesis to suffer the high temperature dry season and yield reducation.
Rice Cropping also has a kind of direct seading rice implantation methods at present, and it refers to save seedling and transplants operation in the rice cropping process, directly broadcast the rice cultivating method of seed-grain in this field.The technical characterstic of existing direct seading rice is as shown in the table:
Figure 486889DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Compare with the method for transplanting rice, the implantation methods of direct seading rice is owing to saved the production link that seedling and transplanting etc. are taken a lot of work and required great effort, and it can reduce labor intensity, and is time saving and energy saving, reduces labour cost.But direct seading rice is owing to take root shallowly, and the later stage runs into the wind and rain phenomenon that easily lodges, and in order to improve output, its seeding quantity increases greatly, has strengthened production cost.Existing direct seading rice is to plant in two ripe or multiple cropping rice fields, be subject to the restriction of crops for rotation its sowing time, paddy rice just can carry out the sowing of whole field after will waiting until the ripe receipts of front stubble, and the kind of paddy selects also will select according to the maturing stage of preceding crop the rice varieties of different growing type simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice, are not subjected to the restriction of crops for rotation in the kind of the method paddy and sowing time, the lodging tolerance of rice seedling is strong, has the rice yield height, time saving and energy saving, save cost, the characteristics that economic benefit is high.
The present invention realizes in the following manner:
A kind of for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice, may further comprise the steps:
(1) rice varieties is selected:
Select the partially short middle large spike high yielding variety of plant height in the Hybrid Rice kind.
(2) no-tillage whole field:
Ditch draining to the field face that begins to rehearse around paddy field with ponded water in winter is the existing mud of the field face more than 90%, and the peak level of water water hole is no more than field face 1cm; To irrigate suitable quantity of water to field face be that field face 90% or more shows mud in the field in winter slack, and the peak level of water water hole is no more than field face 1cm; The existing mud of the field face of field face more than 90%, water water hole peak level are no more than the colored water state that the state of field face 1cm namely is commonly called as.
(3) Paddy fields:
Rice field mu is executed purity nitrogen 6-9 kilogram, and purity nitrogen is used respectively by base fertilizer and ear manuer and provided, and the amount of application weight ratio is: base fertilizer: ear manuer=7: 3, impose base fertilizer when wherein the field face keeps colored water state after the step of no-tillage whole field, and when being in the shooting stage, the rice field imposes ear manuer.
(4) determine sowing time:
During mid-March~mid-April, sow, when daily mean temperature is stabilized in more than 13 ℃, can sow.
(5) process the Hybrid Rice seed rice:
Soaked 48~72 hours in thimerosal is sterilized the clear water that is placed on 20-25 ℃ shining Hybrid Rice seed rice select, changed water once in per 24 hours, the seed after the immersion places under 32-35 ℃ the temperature and to make the seed more than 95% grow gemma in vernalization 10-12 hour; The treating capacity of Hybrid Rice seed rice is 0.7-1 kg/acre before processing.
(6) prepare sowing with mixing seed rice and sowing:
Pull edible paddy out drain as sowing usefulness meal paddy after 10 minutes with boiling water boiling, according to the seeding quantity of 1.4-2 kg/acre in meal paddy meal paddy and the Hybrid Rice seed rice processed are mixed formation mixing seed rice, will mix seed rice uniform broadcasting on the rice field.
(7) mud is hung and is planted:
After planting draw once at the field Orly with branch, seed is hung into mud, prevent that after planting seed exposes the infringement that is subject to sparrow.
(8) paddy field weeding:
After planting second day sprays the Direct-seeding Rice herbicides special; Or rice shoot pours into 2.5-3.5 centimetre water layer and spreads fertilizer over the fields the common rice field herbicidal when growing to 2~3 leaf.
(9) even close benefit is rare:
When rice shoot grew to 5 leaf, it is rare that rice shoot is spared close benefit, and namely the vacant lot area is greater than 1050cm 2The time the even 1-2 strain rice shoot of planting.
(10) use short fertilizers for potted flowers:
When rice shoot is in the shooting stage, use urea 4-6 kilogram for every mu, because rice direct-seeding method of the present invention is not used fetilizer for tillering, when rice shoot is in the shooting stage, use urea and can promote ear differentiation.。
Drain ditch furrow width 20-25cm in the step (1) wherein, ditch depth 15-20cm.
Base fertilizer is formulated by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in the step (2), and its weight proportion is 2: 1: 1.
The Direct-seeding Rice herbicides special is happy lucky live green grass or young crops in the step (6), and consumption is that every mu of live green grass or young crops of 20 Ke Leji is watered the 20-25 kilogram and sprays; The common rice field herbicidal is Xin Daili, and consumption is that every mu of 10 Ke Xindaili mix 10 kilograms of fine earths and spread fertilizer over the fields.
Shown in the concrete comparison content of the inventive method and existing direct seading rice planting technology sees the following form:
Figure 404029DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, because paddy field with ponded water in winter and winter slack the field be retaining in winter vacant field, do not have the plantation of preceding crop, so a kind of direct seading rice plantation and be not subject to the restriction of crops for rotation sowing time.
2, partially short, the anti-fertilizer of plant height in the direct seading rice variety adoption Hybrid Rice kind of the present invention, anti-fall, middle large spike high yielding variety that rooting ability is strong, lodging tolerance is strong.Because the present invention uses base fertilizer and ear manuer, do not use fetilizer for tillering simultaneously, change fetilizer for tillering into short fertilizers for potted flowers and use in the rice shoot shooting stage; Amount of nitrogen is 6-9 kg/acre, and more existing Direct-seeding Rice technology base fertilizer, fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer are used simultaneously, and amount of nitrogen is 9-12 kg/acre, and the paddy rice amount of nitrogen reduces, and particularly the rice seedling amount of nitrogen is less, and lodging tolerance is enhanced.
3, according to the climatic characteristic in paddy field with ponded water in winter, field in winter slack district, for fear of occuring, planting early enough met cold wave and mashed kind, crossing late sowing kind rice anthesis subjects to the high temperature dry season and affects the solid situation of kernel grouting, sow during being chosen in mid-March~mid-April, when daily mean temperature is stabilized in more than 13 ℃, can sow.Be not subject to the restriction of crops for rotation the sowing time of the inventive method direct seading rice, can sow on time, and can carry out water pipe or drought pipe according to the rich situation of owing of later stage rainfall, can guarantee that there are higher rice yield results in such rice field.While method for directly seeding rice of the present invention, operate simple and easy, the mixing of meal paddy and seed rice is sowed so that seed is evenly sowed, and in even seedling process the even rare degree of close benefit is stipulated, Basic Seedling is significantly improved impel the number of productive ear of paddy rice obviously to be increased and high yield.
4, the direct seading rice method has been saved the production link that seedling and transplanting etc. are taken a lot of work and required great effort, and has alleviated labour intensity, and is time saving and energy saving, reduced labour cost.Because paddy field with ponded water in winter and winter slack the field the field face generally more smooth, in the process of whole field, can carry out no-tillagely, saved the labour, alleviated labour intensity.Simultaneously the present invention mixes the meal paddy of boiling and sows with the Hybrid Rice seed rice, saved the seed rice consumption, reduced production cost, the seeding quantity of seed rice of the present invention is 0.7-1 kg/acre, the seeding quantity of 4-6 kg/acre of more existing Direct-seeding Rice technology Conventional Rice, 1.5 kg/acres of hybrid rices, seeding quantity obviously reduces, and rice yield is improved, and therefore economic benefit of the present invention is apparent.
In a word, the inventive method is on the saving of labor with existing direct seading rice technology, highly efficient and productive basis, also tool is economized kind, economized fertile advantage, has effectively solved the problem that Direct-seeding Rice easily lodges and is subject to sparrow harm simultaneously.
Embodiment
In order more clearly to understand purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect, below the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in following examples.
The present invention be used for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice comprise following production stage:
One, kind is selected: select the partially short middle large spike high yielding variety of plant height in the Hybrid Rice kind, and excellent 17 such as K, river perfume (or spice) is excellent, excellent No. 6 of Q, II excellent 602 etc.
Two, suitable rice field: paddy field with ponded water in winter, the winter slack field that source ensuring is arranged.
Three, detailed operating procedure:
(1) no-tillage whole field:
Ditch draining to the field face that begins to rehearse around paddy field with ponded water in winter is the existing mud of the field face more than 90%, and the peak level of water water hole is no more than field face 1cm; To irrigate suitable quantity of water to field face be that field face 90% or more shows mud in the field in winter slack, and the peak level of water water hole is no more than field face 1cm; The existing mud of the field face of field face more than 90%, water water hole peak level are no more than the colored water state that the state of field face 1cm namely is commonly called as.
The furrow width 20-25cm in the ditch that begins to rehearse preferably, ditch depth 15-20cm.
(2) Paddy fields:
Rice field mu is executed purity nitrogen 6-9 kilogram, and purity nitrogen is used respectively by base fertilizer and ear manuer and provided, and the amount of application weight ratio is: base fertilizer: ear manuer=7: 3, impose base fertilizer when wherein the field face keeps colored water state after the step of no-tillage whole field, and when being in the shooting stage, the rice field imposes ear manuer.
Preferred base fertilizer is formulated by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and its weight proportion is 2: 1: 1.
(3) determine sowing time:
During mid-March~mid-April, sow, when daily mean temperature is stabilized in more than 13 ℃, can sow; Wherein area, south, river is selected to sow during mid-March, and northern Sichuan is selected to sow during mid-April.
(4) process the Hybrid Rice seed rice:
Soaked 48~72 hours in thimerosal is sterilized the clear water that is placed on 20-25 ℃ shining Hybrid Rice seed rice select, changed water once in per 24 hours, the seed after the immersion places under 32-35 ℃ the temperature and to make the seed more than 95% grow gemma in vernalization 10-12 hour; The treating capacity of Hybrid Rice seed rice is 0.7-1 kg/acre before processing.
(5) prepare sowing with mixing seed rice:
Pull edible paddy out drain as sowing usefulness meal paddy after 10 minutes with boiling water boiling, according to the seeding quantity of 1.4-2 kg/acre in meal paddy meal paddy and the Hybrid Rice seed rice processed are mixed formation mixing seed rice, will mix seed rice uniform broadcasting on the rice field;
(6) open the railway carriage or compartment sowing:
The railway carriage or compartment is opened with wide 4 meters of railway carriage or compartment in the rice field, will mix seed rice weigh after minute railway carriage or compartment uniform broadcasting.
(7) mud is hung and is planted:
After planting draw once at the field Orly with branch, seed is hung into mud, can prevent that after planting seed exposes the infringement that is subject to sparrow.
(8) paddy field weeding:
After planting second day sprays the Direct-seeding Rice herbicides special; Or rice shoot pours into 2.5-3.5 centimetre water layer and spreads fertilizer over the fields the common rice field herbicidal when growing to 2~3 leaf.Preferably, the Direct-seeding Rice herbicides special is happy lucky live green grass or young crops, and consumption is that every mu of live green grass or young crops of 20 Ke Leji is watered the 20-25 kilogram and sprays; The common rice field herbicidal is Xin Daili, and consumption is that every mu of 10 Ke Xindaili mix 10 kilograms of fine earths and spread fertilizer over the fields.
(9) even close benefit is rare:
When rice shoot grew to 5 leaf, it is rare that rice shoot is spared close benefit, and namely the vacant lot area is greater than 1050cm 2The time the even 1-2 strain rice shoot of planting.
(10) use short fertilizers for potted flowers:
When rice shoot is in the shooting stage, use urea 4-6 kilogram for every mu.Because rice direct-seeding method of the present invention is not used fetilizer for tillering, uses urea and can promote ear differentiation when rice shoot is in the shooting stage.
Other control measures of direct seading rice of the present invention are identical with the control measures of large tracts of land hand rice transplanting technology.
Embodiment of the invention effect proves:
1, direct seading rice implantation methods of the present invention can significantly reduce production costs under high-yield condition
2009-2011, the present inventor academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province paddy rice Chinese sorghum institute Luxian County proving ground paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field, carry out respectively existing high-yield culturing hand rice transplanting technology (mulch film water-raised seedling, 4.5 transplant about leaf, mu is planted 1.25 ten thousand caves, every cave plants two strains, mu is executed 10 kilograms of purity nitrogens and is joined by N:P:K=1:0.5:0.8 and executes corresponding phosphorus potash fertilizer, base fertilizer 70%, fetilizer for tillering 30%, phosphorus potash fertilizer is made base fertilizer) (mu is executed 8.5 kilograms of purity nitrogens with direct seading rice implantation methods of the present invention, join by N:P:K=1:0.5:0.5 and to execute corresponding phosphorus potash fertilizer, nitrogen base fertilizer 70%, ear manuer 30%, phosphorus potash fertilizer is made base fertilizer) Da Qu with the field comparative test.0.2 mu of Da Qu area repeats 3 times.
Comparative test result in Ben Da district has reflected strictly by the performance of the output under transplanting and the direct seading rice technical regulation executive condition.Find out that from result of the test (table 1) effective fringe of Direct-seeding Rice obviously increases than transplanting rice, but grain number per spike decreases, ripening rate and thousand kernel weight difference are little.Although final Direct-seeding Rice is more not obvious than the effect of increasing production of transplanting rice, has remarkable saving of labor, abridged edition effect.According to investigations, compare with transplanting rice, every mu of Honda of Direct-seeding Rice can be saved artificial 1 of seedling, 15 yuan of sprout cultivation mulch film expenses, 10 yuan of fertilizer investments; Save artificial 1.5 of transplanting, Honda Shaoshi urea more than 3 kg/acres for every mu.Add up to every mu to reduce about 160 yuan of costs.
Figure 121450DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
2, Direct-seeding Rice effect of increasing production in production practices is better
At present paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack, to produce upper ubiquitous problem be the Honda density deficiency of transplanting seedlings in the field.The transplanting rice high-yield culture technique requires every mu to plant 1-1.25 ten thousand caves, only plants 0.5-0.7 ten thousand cave/mus but produce upper peasant household more than 95% for saving the labour that transplants seedlings.Therefore transplanting rice is then because effectively the obvious deficiency output of fringe is not high.In other words, the arrival rate of the transplanting high-yield culture technique of existing popularization is extremely low, so that its high yield potential is difficult to performance.
The present invention be used for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice then guaranteed enough Basic Seedlings, because number of productive ear increases, effect of increasing production is obvious.Take Hybrid Rice II excellent 602 as the test kind, Lei Qiao village, eyebrow town carries out with field contrast, 0.5 mu of Da Qu area in the Anju District west such as 2010-2011.The result shows that Direct-seeding Rice is increased production up to 16.52%-17.57%(table 2 than transplanting rice), produce demonstration volume increase 5.5%-30%, the every mu of 140-232.1 unit (table 3) that increases income and economizes on spending.
Figure 454342DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 268714DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
In above-described embodiment, use the paddy rice model field of the inventive method all not find the lodging phenomenon.

Claims (4)

  1. One kind be used for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
    (1) rice varieties is selected:
    Select the partially short middle large spike high yielding variety of plant height in the Hybrid Rice kind;
    (2) no-tillage whole field:
    Ditch draining to the field face that begins to rehearse around paddy field with ponded water in winter is the existing mud of the field face more than 90%, and the peak level of water water hole is no more than field face 1cm; To irrigate suitable quantity of water to field face be that field face 90% or more shows mud in the field in winter slack, and the peak level of water water hole is no more than field face 1cm;
    (3) Paddy fields:
    Rice field mu is executed purity nitrogen 6-9 kilogram, and purity nitrogen is used respectively by base fertilizer and ear manuer and provided, and the amount of application weight ratio is: base fertilizer: ear manuer=7: 3, wherein impose base fertilizer after the step of no-tillage whole field, and when being in the shooting stage, the rice field imposes ear manuer;
    (4) determine sowing time:
    During mid-March~mid-April, sow, when daily mean temperature is stabilized in more than 13 ℃, can sow;
    (5) process the Hybrid Rice seed rice:
    Soaked 48~72 hours in thimerosal is sterilized the clear water that is placed on 20-25 ℃ shining Hybrid Rice seed rice select, changed water once in per 24 hours, the seed after the immersion places under 32-35 ℃ the temperature and to make the seed more than 95% grow gemma in vernalization 10-12 hour; The treating capacity of Hybrid Rice seed rice is 0.7-1 kg/acre before processing;
    (6) prepare sowing with mixing seed rice and sowing:
    Pull edible paddy out drain as sowing usefulness meal paddy after 10 minutes with boiling water boiling, meal paddy and the Hybrid Rice seed rice of processing are mixed to form mix seed rice, will mix seed rice uniform broadcasting on the rice field;
    (7) mud is hung and is planted:
    After planting draw once at the field Orly with branch, seed is hung into mud;
    (8) paddy field weeding:
    After planting second day sprays the Direct-seeding Rice herbicides special; Or rice shoot pours into 2.5-3.5 centimetre water layer and spreads fertilizer over the fields the common rice field herbicidal when growing to 2~3 leaf;
    (9) even close benefit is rare:
    When rice shoot grew to 5 leaf, it is rare that rice shoot is spared close benefit, and namely the vacant lot area is greater than 1050cm 2The time the even 1-2 strain rice shoot of planting;
    (10) use short fertilizers for potted flowers:
    When rice shoot is in the shooting stage, use urea 4-6 kilogram for every mu.
  2. According to claim 1 a kind of for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice, it is characterized in that: drain ditch furrow width 20-25cm in the described step (1), ditch depth 15-20cm.
  3. According to claim 1 a kind of for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice, it is characterized in that: base fertilizer is formulated by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in the described step (2), and its weight proportion is 2: 1: 1.
  4. According to claim 1 a kind of for paddy field with ponded water in winter or winter slack the field method for directly seeding rice, it is characterized in that: the Direct-seeding Rice herbicides special is happy lucky live green grass or young crops in the described step (6), and consumption is that every mu of live green grass or young crops of 20 Ke Leji is watered the 20-25 kilogram and sprays; The common rice field herbicidal is Xin Daili, and consumption is that every mu of 10 Ke Xindaili mix 10 kilograms of fine earths and spread fertilizer over the fields.
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CN103392545A (en) * 2013-08-10 2013-11-20 洪满 Shoot sowing type paddy seeding method
CN103503732A (en) * 2013-09-23 2014-01-15 湖北正和米业有限公司 Paddy no-tillage direct seeding method
CN104663337A (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-06-03 庞群 Method for direct seeding rice in shallow paddy field
CN104718952A (en) * 2015-01-21 2015-06-24 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 Rice planting water management method for improving water storage of winter paddy field
CN104813882A (en) * 2015-04-20 2015-08-05 重庆市农业科学院 Method for directly sowing and cultivating paddy rice in winter paddies in hilly mountain areas
CN105453967A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-04-06 黑龙江农垦北方直播稻作合作社联社 Paddy rice direct-broadcasting high-yield plantation method
CN105724145A (en) * 2016-03-29 2016-07-06 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 Cold-region japonica-rice wet direct-sowing cultivation method
CN107996327A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-05-08 汉中市农业技术推广中心 A kind of member stubble direct sowing of rice method
CN109349038A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-02-19 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 Paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods
CN110574650A (en) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-17 重庆三峡职业学院 no-tillage direct seeding method for fish culture in rice field

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CN105453967A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-04-06 黑龙江农垦北方直播稻作合作社联社 Paddy rice direct-broadcasting high-yield plantation method
CN105724145A (en) * 2016-03-29 2016-07-06 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 Cold-region japonica-rice wet direct-sowing cultivation method
CN107996327A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-05-08 汉中市农业技术推广中心 A kind of member stubble direct sowing of rice method
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