CN105724145A - Cold-region japonica-rice wet direct-sowing cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold-region japonica-rice wet direct-sowing cultivation method. The cold-region japonica-rice wet direct-sowing cultivation method includes the following steps of 1, soil preparing before sowing, wherein rotational stubble cleaning, field plattening and water harrowing are carried out in autumn; 2, seed preparing, wherein varieties are selected, and seeds are treated; 3, sowing; 4, fertilizer planning and managing, wherein the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing mode are controller; 5, water managing, wherein water management after sowing and before seedling growing, water management during the seedling stage, water management in the tillering stage, water management in the jointing-booting stage and water management in the head sprouting stage, the flower spreading stage and the grouting stage are conducted; 6, weed killing, wherein agricultural technology weed killing and chemical weed killing are achieved; 7, pest controlling, wherein weed shoveling, pupa eliminating and chemical controlling are carried out; 8, harvesting, wherein the harvesting time is determined, and mechanical harvesting and storage are carried out. Compared with the prior art, the cold-region japonica-rice wet direct-sowing cultivation method has the advantages that the dry direct-sowing mode is a light and simple and saves water, the climatic feature of the cold region is adapted, an accurate agricultural machine and efficient chemical herbicides are applied, and light, simple, water-saving, high-yield and high-quality cold-region japonica rice is achieved.

Description

A kind of cold ground moistening direct-sowing cultivating method of japonica rice

Technical field

The present invention relates to crop cultivation methods, particularly relate to a kind of cold ground moistening direct-sowing cultivating method of japonica rice.

Background technology

Heilongjiang Province is as the important commodity japonica rice production base of China, and the stable and sustainable development of Oryza sativa L. is safe most important for China's grain ration.When the aggravation of Heilongjiang Province's aged tendency of population and labor shortage, in order to ensure grain ration safety and the Oryza sativa L. sustainable development of China, and realize the target of light letter, water saving, high yield, high-quality, basing oneself upon climate in cold region feature, the research and development cold ground moistening direct-sowing cultivating method of japonica rice becomes those skilled in the art's problem demanding prompt solution.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is to solve the problems referred to above, it is provided that a kind of cold ground moistening direct-sowing cultivating method of japonica rice, this cultural method is applicable to Han Didao district of China, applies the agricultural equipment of advanced person and efficient chemical herbicide.

The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of cold ground moistening direct-sowing cultivating method of japonica rice, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) seedbed preparation:

Autumn rotation stubble-cleaning: after front stubble is received, when soil moisture content drops to below 70%, carries out autumn rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm.

Flat field: for the plot that ground level difference is bigger, behind autumn rotation ground, application laser land leveling machinery is evened up field mouth, cuts straight rand, drawn level ridges ditch, makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm；Still need to behind flat field again carry out rotation ground, unscrew the soil of laser land leveling machinery compacting.

Water is raked the soil level: carries out water before spring sowing and rakes the soil level, and accomplishes that face, field is smooth, is discharged by unnecessary water and wait to broadcast after raking the soil level 3-4 days.

(2) seed preparation:

Fruit variety: ripe in order to ensure safety, should select the kind promoting mainly the few 1.5-2 sheet leaf of kind than locality to be advisable；In order to save Seedling from damage, moistening live kind to possess the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability, germinating energy and the resistance to ability of flooding of bud kind are strong；In order to realize high yield, moistening live kind also to possess the features such as suitable dense planting, grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong.

Seed treatment: coating materials (rice seed pleasure, color dress and bright shield etc.) special for seed rice paddy seed is carried out coating, coating materials mix homogeneously, and rice seed coating is consistent, and shady and cool place dries；Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, makes seed rice suction moisture, soak seed 3-4 days under general room temperature；Seed after seed soaking is under the constant temperature of 30-32 DEG C, and accelerating germination is to breaking breast (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally)；Seed after broken breast should carry out turning, trickle cooling, dry in the shade, and waits to broadcast.

(3) sowing:

Local temperature on average is stable to be sowed after 10 DEG C, is typically in mid-May；Application rate should be determined according to kind tillering ability, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, seed quality and germinating energy etc., is typically in 90-112.5kg hm^-2；Can be selected for water drill for sowing in lines or hill-drop drill is sowed；Sowing line-spacing is typically in 25-30cm, should adjust the amount of broadcasting, line-spacing according to variety characteristic, connects time before sowing；Should accomplish during sowing to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform；In same field, the seedling district that good 1-2 the machine sowing of place replay of soil fertility condition is wide is selected, in order to limit, the ridge and field mouth benefit seedling during sowing.

(4) fertilizer application:

Dose: the time of infertility, per hectare used inorganic fertilizer: purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) 70-80kg, potassium oxide (K₂O)60kg-70kg；Fertilizer: organic fertilizer concentrate 450kg-600kg or the farm manure 7500kg-15000kg become thoroughly decomposed；Concrete rate of fertilizer should convert according to available nutrient content such as the nitrogen of different fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium；Dose according to factors such as Soil Nutrients in Paddy Field content, target outputs, should be adjusted according to Formula fertilization by soil testing.

Fertilization mode: 1. base manure: fertilizer, before autumn whole ground, uniform Bu Dui field table, revolves hack in conjunction with the autumn, applies live field；Inorganic fertilizer, using 60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer as base manure, disposable when water is raked the soil level applies；2. topdress: disjunction breast is fertile to be applied for twice with fetilizer for tillering；Ablactation fertilizer imposed when the Oryza sativa L. 3 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 10%-15% imposing pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg/hm², the vexed Seedling of flood must be prevented, the bad rice field of seepage more should be noted；Fetilizer for tillering imposed in the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 20%-25% of pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-45kg；Suitably should increase and decrease according to rice seedling growing way when topdressing, it then follows Miao Wang chases after less, the weak principles chased after of Seedling more, no longer imposes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, in case remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing；When topdressing, the water layer of 4cm-6cm should be set up in face, field, it is to avoid band dew topdresses in case burn seedlings.

(5) water management:

Water layer management before broadcasting rear Seedling: sowing after draining of raking the soil level, face, field to keep moisture state；Such as cloudy weather for several days running sky before emerging, field area water should be discharged in time, and preventing and treating seed goes mouldy or anaerobic respiration is lethal.

Seedling stage water layer management: emerged to 3.0 Leaf-Age-Periods enforcement Wang Shui Wang's mud management, field of drying in the air during 3 leaf phase, promote root system deeply prick.

Tillering stage water layer management: the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase starts tiller, should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promote tiller bud growth；This period terminated about early July.

Jointing-booting stage water layer management: after early July, Oryza sativa L. enters the ineffective tillering phase, and Oryza sativa L. starts jointing booting, should suppress the growth of ineffective tillering, the field that growing way is excessively prosperous carries out roasting field, promotes the growth promoter of main fringe and effective tillering；Before the Oryza sativa L. booting later stage to heading, field water layer should be made at 10cm-12cm, it is prevented that chilling injury and grain husk flower are degenerated.

Heading, poplar bloassom, pustulation period water layer management: late July to early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation, it is to avoid set up water layer for a long time or long-term face, field is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention with affect rice milking stage；Mid-August to mid or late September, Oryza sativa L. enters the pustulation period, implements Wang's mud Wang's water management；To cut off the water supply in time when the field major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term, to avoid lodging and affect mechanical harvesting.

(6) weeding:

Weeds by pressing down the photosynthetic of weeds and breathing, are suffocated, it is achieved with hydraulic pressure grass by agronomy weeding: by pouring water after Seedling, by less weeds, vexed under water；By improving seeding quality, live field is made early to emerge, go out strong sprout, go out full stand, it is achieved with Seedling pressure grass, it is suppressed that weed growth.

Chemical weed control: close weeding before 1. broadcasting: after water is raked the soil level, every mu of use 12% oxadiazon cream 100ml-150ml, to water 25kg, the full field of spraying；Keep water layer 2-3 days, sow after draining；2. broadcast weeding before rear Seedling: after planting, after Fructus Setariae Germinatus is taken root but dispenser before not growing leaf bud, the every mu of live clean wettable powder of use (4% bensulfuron-methyl+36% pretilachlor) 50g, be watered 30-50kg even spraying；Can effectively prevent and kill off the annual and perennial weeds such as barnyard grass, Semen Euphorbiae, mexicana, Herba Eleocharitis acicularis, Herba Cyperi Difformis, Herba monochoriae vaginalis, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae, Herba potamogetonis distincti, short Rhizoma sagittariae sagittifoliae, firefly Lin, Rhizoma Alismatis, Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Phillcox., cyperus iria, Herba Fimbristylis miliaceae；3. postemergence weed control: this weeding in period seedling age is 2.5-3.0；Weeds in paddy field has three types, namely grassy weed, Sha He section weeds, broad leaved weed；The weeds tackling three types when preventing and kill off all prevent and treat, and method is in Table 1；On the basis of chemistry weed eradication, weeds are killed in field leakage and should pull out in time；Should root out during artificial weeding, it is prevented that later stage demutation.

Table 1 postemergence weed control method

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:

Shovel grass is except pupa: after Oryza sativa L. is received, and is all shoveled by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches and dryouies only, reduces the worm that survives the winter, bacterium source.

Chemical prevention: Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, Folium Sesami pinta, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper etc.；The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage should be adhered to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control；The time of infertility should be general anti-twice, and first pass is in late June (tillering stage), and second time in late July (boot stage)；The field bigger for the meteorological condition of rainy high humidity and Field densities answers keypoint control, and anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly；Spray medicine should be accomplished that consumption is accurate, sprays uniformly, not weigh and do not leak；Different types of insecticide, antibacterial should be selected according to pest species and harmful characteristics.

(8) results:

Harvest time: late September to early October, when the fringe grain of more than 98% spike of rice reaches wax ripeness middle and late stage, it is optimum harvest date when 19%-22% that 95% grain becomes golden yellow, Oryza glutinosa water content.

Mechanical harvesting: produce field and select the full-feeding combine harvester of half-feed combine harvester or better performances to receive；Seed field need to be received with feed reaper, and the machinery gathering in the crops different cultivars is thoroughly brought down stocks, it is prevented that mechanical admixture；Transportation process is not spread grain, does not leak grain.

Storage: Oryza sativa L. receive after should dry in the sun in time, the Oryza glutinosa of different cultivars is carried out single receipts, singly shine, prevents from mixing；When Oryza glutinosa moisture reaches 14%-15%, using winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, the Oryza glutinosa percentage of admixture after selecting crude drugs with winnower should be less than 2%, pack warehouse-in, for sale；Keeping warehouse or dry in the sun canopy to dry during storage, attention control mixes, damage by worms, go mouldy and the harm such as Mus passeris montani saturati.

Present invention advantage compared with prior art is: the present invention climatic characteristic according to the cold ground of China, what adopt is moistening live, apply the agricultural equipment of advanced person and efficient chemical herbicide, it it is the planting type of a kind of gently letter water saving with relatively high-tech content, it is achieved that the target of the tremble with fear light letter of ground japonica rice production, water saving, high yield, high-quality.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.

A kind of cold ground moistening direct-sowing cultivating method of japonica rice, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) seedbed preparation:

Autumn rotation stubble-cleaning: after front stubble is received, when soil moisture content drops to below 70%, carries out autumn rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm.

Flat field: for the plot that ground level difference is bigger, behind autumn rotation ground, application laser land leveling machinery is evened up field mouth, cuts straight rand, drawn level ridges ditch, makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm；Still need to behind flat field again carry out rotation ground, unscrew the soil of laser land leveling machinery compacting.

Water is raked the soil level: carries out water before spring sowing and rakes the soil level, and accomplishes that face, field is smooth, is discharged by unnecessary water and wait to broadcast after raking the soil level 3-4 days.

(2) seed preparation:

Fruit variety: ripe in order to ensure safety, should select the kind promoting mainly the few 1.5-2 sheet leaf of kind than locality to be advisable；In order to save Seedling from damage, moistening live kind to possess the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability, germinating energy and the resistance to ability of flooding of bud kind are strong；In order to realize high yield, moistening live kind also to possess the features such as suitable dense planting, grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong.

Seed treatment: coating materials (rice seed pleasure, color dress and bright shield etc.) special for seed rice paddy seed is carried out coating, coating materials mix homogeneously, and rice seed coating is consistent, and shady and cool place dries；Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, makes seed rice suction moisture, soak seed 3-4 days under general room temperature；Seed after seed soaking is under the constant temperature of 30-32 DEG C, and accelerating germination is to breaking breast (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally)；Seed after broken breast should carry out turning, trickle cooling, dry in the shade, and waits to broadcast.

(3) sowing:

Local temperature on average is stable to be sowed after 10 DEG C, is typically in mid-May；Application rate should be determined according to kind tillering ability, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, seed quality and germinating energy etc., is typically in 90-112.5kg hm^-2；Can be selected for water drill for sowing in lines or hill-drop drill is sowed；Sowing line-spacing is typically in 25-30cm, should adjust the amount of broadcasting, line-spacing according to variety characteristic, connects time before sowing；Should accomplish during sowing to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform；In same field, the seedling district that good 1-2 the machine sowing of place replay of soil fertility condition is wide is selected, in order to limit, the ridge and field mouth benefit seedling during sowing.

(4) fertilizer application:

Dose: the time of infertility, per hectare used inorganic fertilizer: purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) 70-80kg, potassium oxide (K₂O)60kg-70kg；Fertilizer: organic fertilizer concentrate 450kg-600kg or the farm manure 7500kg-15000kg become thoroughly decomposed；Concrete rate of fertilizer should convert according to available nutrient content such as the nitrogen of different fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium；Dose according to factors such as Soil Nutrients in Paddy Field content, target outputs, should be adjusted according to Formula fertilization by soil testing.

Fertilization mode: 1. base manure: fertilizer, before autumn whole ground, uniform Bu Dui field table, revolves hack in conjunction with the autumn, applies live field；Inorganic fertilizer, using 60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer as base manure, disposable when water is raked the soil level applies；2. topdress: disjunction breast is fertile to be applied for twice with fetilizer for tillering；Ablactation fertilizer imposed when the Oryza sativa L. 3 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 10%-15% imposing pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg/hm², the vexed Seedling of flood must be prevented, the bad rice field of seepage more should be noted；Fetilizer for tillering imposed in the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 20%-25% of pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-45kg；Suitably should increase and decrease according to rice seedling growing way when topdressing, it then follows Miao Wang chases after less, the weak principles chased after of Seedling more, no longer imposes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, in case remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing；When topdressing, the water layer of 4cm-6cm should be set up in face, field, it is to avoid band dew topdresses in case burn seedlings.

(5) water management:

Water layer management before broadcasting rear Seedling: sowing after draining of raking the soil level, face, field to keep moisture state；Such as cloudy weather for several days running sky before emerging, field area water should be discharged in time, and preventing and treating seed goes mouldy or anaerobic respiration is lethal.

Seedling stage water layer management: emerged to 3.0 Leaf-Age-Periods enforcement Wang Shui Wang's mud management, field of drying in the air during 3 leaf phase, promote root system deeply prick.

Tillering stage water layer management: the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase starts tiller, should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promote tiller bud growth；This period terminated about early July.

Jointing-booting stage water layer management: after early July, Oryza sativa L. enters the ineffective tillering phase, and Oryza sativa L. starts jointing booting, should suppress the growth of ineffective tillering, the field that growing way is excessively prosperous carries out roasting field, promotes the growth promoter of main fringe and effective tillering；Before the Oryza sativa L. booting later stage to heading, field water layer should be made at 10cm-12cm, it is prevented that chilling injury and grain husk flower are degenerated.

Heading, poplar bloassom, pustulation period water layer management: late July to early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation, it is to avoid set up water layer for a long time or long-term face, field is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention with affect rice milking stage；Mid-August to mid or late September, Oryza sativa L. enters the pustulation period, implements Wang's mud Wang's water management；To cut off the water supply in time when the field major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term, to avoid lodging and affect mechanical harvesting.

(6) weeding:

Weeds by pressing down the photosynthetic of weeds and breathing, are suffocated, it is achieved with hydraulic pressure grass by agronomy weeding: by pouring water after Seedling, by less weeds, vexed under water；By improving seeding quality, live field is made early to emerge, go out strong sprout, go out full stand, it is achieved with Seedling pressure grass, it is suppressed that weed growth.

Chemical weed control: close weeding before 1. broadcasting: after water is raked the soil level, every mu of use 12% oxadiazon cream 100ml-150ml, to water 25kg, the full field of spraying；Keep water layer 2-3 days, sow after draining；2. broadcast weeding before rear Seedling: after planting, after Fructus Setariae Germinatus is taken root but dispenser before not growing leaf bud, the every mu of live clean wettable powder of use (4% bensulfuron-methyl+36% pretilachlor) 50g, be watered 30-50kg even spraying；Can effectively prevent and kill off the annual and perennial weeds such as barnyard grass, Semen Euphorbiae, mexicana, Herba Eleocharitis acicularis, Herba Cyperi Difformis, Herba monochoriae vaginalis, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae, Herba potamogetonis distincti, short Rhizoma sagittariae sagittifoliae, firefly Lin, Rhizoma Alismatis, Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Phillcox., cyperus iria, Herba Fimbristylis miliaceae；3. postemergence weed control: this weeding in period seedling age is 2.5-3.0；Weeds in paddy field has three types, namely grassy weed, Sha He section weeds, broad leaved weed；The weeds tackling three types when preventing and kill off all prevent and treat, and method is in Table 1；On the basis of chemistry weed eradication, weeds are killed in field leakage and should pull out in time；Should root out during artificial weeding, it is prevented that later stage demutation.

Table 1 postemergence weed control method

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:

Shovel grass is except pupa: after Oryza sativa L. is received, and is all shoveled by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches and dryouies only, reduces the worm that survives the winter, bacterium source.

Chemical prevention: Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, Folium Sesami pinta, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper etc.；The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage should be adhered to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control；The time of infertility should be general anti-twice, and first pass is in late June (tillering stage), and second time in late July (boot stage)；The field bigger for the meteorological condition of rainy high humidity and Field densities answers keypoint control, and anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly；Spray medicine should be accomplished that consumption is accurate, sprays uniformly, not weigh and do not leak；Different types of insecticide, antibacterial should be selected according to pest species and harmful characteristics.

(8) results:

Harvest time: late September to early October, when the fringe grain of more than 98% spike of rice reaches wax ripeness middle and late stage, it is optimum harvest date when 19%-22% that 95% grain becomes golden yellow, Oryza glutinosa water content.

Mechanical harvesting: produce field and select the full-feeding combine harvester of half-feed combine harvester or better performances to receive；Seed field need to be received with feed reaper, and the machinery gathering in the crops different cultivars is thoroughly brought down stocks, it is prevented that mechanical admixture；Transportation process is not spread grain, does not leak grain.

Storage: Oryza sativa L. receive after should dry in the sun in time, the Oryza glutinosa of different cultivars is carried out single receipts, singly shine, prevents from mixing；When Oryza glutinosa moisture reaches 14%-15%, using winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, the Oryza glutinosa percentage of admixture after selecting crude drugs with winnower should be less than 2%, pack warehouse-in, for sale；Keeping warehouse or dry in the sun canopy to dry during storage, attention control mixes, damage by worms, go mouldy and the harm such as Mus passeris montani saturati.

The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure utilizing description of the present invention and embodiment content to make or equivalence flow process conversion; or directly or indirectly it is used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner include in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the moistening direct-sowing cultivating method of cold ground japonica rice, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) seedbed preparation:

Autumn rotation stubble-cleaning: after front stubble is received, when soil moisture content drops to below 70%, carries out autumn rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm.

Flat field: for the plot that ground level difference is bigger, behind autumn rotation ground, application laser land leveling machinery is evened up field mouth, cuts straight rand, drawn level ridges ditch, makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm；Still need to behind flat field again carry out rotation ground, unscrew the soil of laser land leveling machinery compacting.

Water is raked the soil level: carries out water before spring sowing and rakes the soil level, and accomplishes that face, field is smooth, is discharged by unnecessary water and wait to broadcast after raking the soil level 3-4 days.

(2) seed preparation:

Fruit variety: ripe in order to ensure safety, should select the kind promoting mainly the few 1.5-2 sheet leaf of kind than locality to be advisable；In order to save Seedling from damage, moistening live kind to possess the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability, germinating energy and the resistance to ability of flooding of bud kind are strong；In order to realize high yield, moistening live kind also to possess the features such as suitable dense planting, grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong.

Seed treatment: coating materials (rice seed pleasure, color dress and bright shield etc.) special for seed rice paddy seed is carried out coating, coating materials mix homogeneously, and rice seed coating is consistent, and shady and cool place dries；Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, makes seed rice suction moisture, soak seed 3-4 days under general room temperature；Seed after seed soaking is under the constant temperature of 30-32 DEG C, and accelerating germination is to breaking breast (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally)；Seed after broken breast should carry out turning, trickle cooling, dry in the shade, and waits to broadcast.

(3) sowing:

Local temperature on average is stable to be sowed after 10 DEG C, is typically in mid-May；Application rate should be determined according to kind tillering ability, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, seed quality and germinating energy etc., is typically in 90-112.5kg hm^-2；Can be selected for water drill for sowing in lines or hill-drop drill is sowed；Sowing line-spacing is typically in 25-30cm, should adjust the amount of broadcasting, line-spacing according to variety characteristic, connects time before sowing；Should accomplish during sowing to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform；In same field, the seedling district that good 1-2 the machine sowing of place replay of soil fertility condition is wide is selected, in order to limit, the ridge and field mouth benefit seedling during sowing.

(4) fertilizer application:

Dose: the time of infertility, per hectare used inorganic fertilizer: purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) 70-80kg, potassium oxide (K₂O)60kg-70kg；Fertilizer: organic fertilizer concentrate 450kg-600kg or the farm manure 7500kg-15000kg become thoroughly decomposed；Concrete rate of fertilizer should convert according to available nutrient content such as the nitrogen of different fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium；Dose according to factors such as Soil Nutrients in Paddy Field content, target outputs, should be adjusted according to Formula fertilization by soil testing.

Fertilization mode: 1. base manure: fertilizer, before autumn whole ground, uniform Bu Dui field table, revolves hack in conjunction with the autumn, applies live field；Inorganic fertilizer, using 60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer as base manure, disposable when water is raked the soil level applies；2. topdress: disjunction breast is fertile to be applied for twice with fetilizer for tillering；Ablactation fertilizer imposed when the Oryza sativa L. 3 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 10%-15% imposing pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg/hm², the vexed Seedling of flood must be prevented, the bad rice field of seepage more should be noted；Fetilizer for tillering imposed in the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 20%-25% of pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-45kg；Suitably should increase and decrease according to rice seedling growing way when topdressing, it then follows Miao Wang chases after less, the weak principles chased after of Seedling more, no longer imposes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, in case remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing；When topdressing, the water layer of 4cm-6cm should be set up in face, field, it is to avoid band dew topdresses in case burn seedlings.

(5) water management:

Water layer management before broadcasting rear Seedling: sowing after draining of raking the soil level, face, field to keep moisture state；Such as cloudy weather for several days running sky before emerging, field area water should be discharged in time, and preventing and treating seed goes mouldy or anaerobic respiration is lethal.

Seedling stage water layer management: emerged to 3.0 Leaf-Age-Periods enforcement Wang Shui Wang's mud management, field of drying in the air during 3 leaf phase, promote root system deeply prick.

Tillering stage water layer management: the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase starts tiller, should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promote tiller bud growth；This period terminated about early July.

Jointing-booting stage water layer management: after early July, Oryza sativa L. enters the ineffective tillering phase, and Oryza sativa L. starts jointing booting, should suppress the growth of ineffective tillering, the field that growing way is excessively prosperous carries out roasting field, promotes the growth promoter of main fringe and effective tillering；Before the Oryza sativa L. booting later stage to heading, field water layer should be made at 10cm-12cm, it is prevented that chilling injury and grain husk flower are degenerated.

Heading, poplar bloassom, pustulation period water layer management: late July to early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation, it is to avoid set up water layer for a long time or long-term face, field is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention with affect rice milking stage；Mid-August to mid or late September, Oryza sativa L. enters the pustulation period, implements Wang's mud Wang's water management；To cut off the water supply in time when the field major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term, to avoid lodging and affect mechanical harvesting.

(6) weeding:

Weeds by pressing down the photosynthetic of weeds and breathing, are suffocated, it is achieved with hydraulic pressure grass by agronomy weeding: by pouring water after Seedling, by less weeds, vexed under water；By improving seeding quality, live field is made early to emerge, go out strong sprout, go out full stand, it is achieved with Seedling pressure grass, it is suppressed that weed growth.

Chemical weed control: close weeding before 1. broadcasting: after water is raked the soil level, every mu of use 12% oxadiazon cream 100ml-150ml, to water 25kg, the full field of spraying；Keep water layer 2-3 days, sow after draining；2. broadcast weeding before rear Seedling: after planting, after Fructus Setariae Germinatus is taken root but dispenser before not growing leaf bud, the every mu of live clean wettable powder of use (4% bensulfuron-methyl+36% pretilachlor) 50g, be watered 30-50kg even spraying；Can effectively prevent and kill off the annual and perennial weeds such as barnyard grass, Semen Euphorbiae, mexicana, Herba Eleocharitis acicularis, Herba Cyperi Difformis, Herba monochoriae vaginalis, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae, Herba potamogetonis distincti, short Rhizoma sagittariae sagittifoliae, firefly Lin, Rhizoma Alismatis, Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Phillcox., cyperus iria, Herba Fimbristylis miliaceae；3. postemergence weed control: this weeding in period seedling age is 2.5-3.0；Weeds in paddy field has three types, namely grassy weed, Sha He section weeds, broad leaved weed；The weeds tackling three types when preventing and kill off all prevent and treat, and method is in Table 1；On the basis of chemistry weed eradication, weeds are killed in field leakage and should pull out in time；Should root out during artificial weeding, it is prevented that later stage demutation.

Table 1 postemergence weed control method

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:

Shovel grass is except pupa: after Oryza sativa L. is received, and is all shoveled by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches and dryouies only, reduces the worm that survives the winter, bacterium source.

Chemical prevention: Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, Folium Sesami pinta, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper etc.；The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage should be adhered to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control；The time of infertility should be general anti-twice, and first pass is in late June (tillering stage), and second time in late July (boot stage)；The field bigger for the meteorological condition of rainy high humidity and Field densities answers keypoint control, and anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly；Spray medicine should be accomplished that consumption is accurate, sprays uniformly, not weigh and do not leak；Different types of insecticide, antibacterial should be selected according to pest species and harmful characteristics.

(8) results:

Harvest time: late September to early October, when the fringe grain of more than 98% spike of rice reaches wax ripeness middle and late stage, it is optimum harvest date when 19%-22% that 95% grain becomes golden yellow, Oryza glutinosa water content.

Mechanical harvesting: produce field and select the full-feeding combine harvester of half-feed combine harvester or better performances to receive；Seed field need to be received with feed reaper, and the machinery gathering in the crops different cultivars is thoroughly brought down stocks, it is prevented that mechanical admixture；Transportation process is not spread grain, does not leak grain.

Storage: Oryza sativa L. receive after should dry in the sun in time, the Oryza glutinosa of different cultivars is carried out single receipts, singly shine, prevents from mixing；When Oryza glutinosa moisture reaches 14%-15%, using winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, the Oryza glutinosa percentage of admixture after selecting crude drugs with winnower should be less than 2%, pack warehouse-in, for sale；Keeping warehouse or dry in the sun canopy to dry during storage, attention control mixes, damage by worms, go mouldy and the harm such as Mus passeris montani saturati.