CN111837849A - Colorful rice planting method - Google Patents
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- CN111837849A CN111837849A CN202010891203.XA CN202010891203A CN111837849A CN 111837849 A CN111837849 A CN 111837849A CN 202010891203 A CN202010891203 A CN 202010891203A CN 111837849 A CN111837849 A CN 111837849A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting colorful rice, which comprises the following steps: preparing soil and making a bed; seed treatment; sowing; managing a seedbed; applying base fertilizer to the soil of the field; transplanting in a field; managing the field; controlling diseases, pests and weeds; harvesting, storing, transporting and packaging. The method for planting the colorful rice is simple to operate, the planting area can form effective and continuous protection on external insect pests, the method has the advantages of high yield, safety and the like, and the produced colorful rice is rich in nutritive value and has a health-care effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for planting colorful rice.
Background
The colorful rice production area is a snow mountain area rich in selenium, the geographic coordinates are 110 degrees, 8 ', 40 < -110 degrees, 57', 10 < -26 degrees, 51 ', 38 < -27 degrees, 22', 23 < -east longitude, and a hilly mountain area with the average altitude of 600-1000 meters in a planting area, and the colorful rice production area belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate, is clear in four seasons, rich in heat, abundant in rainwater, obvious in monsoon and long in frost-free period. The organic matter content of the soil is higher than 1.2%, and the trace elements such as boron, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper and the like are complete. The average temperature of the mountainous area from late 8 to middle 9 of the month from the flowering and filling of the colorful rice is 22-28 ℃, so that anthocyanin formation and accumulation are facilitated, and the method is a wind, water and treasure land for planting special rice. However, under the influence of climate and soil, the annual output of the colorful rice which takes the amazake, the big house, the yueyxi and the plateau as main production bases is only 600 tons.
The colorful rice is naturally pollinated and naturally changed in color, rice husks are black purple, the husked brown rice after husking shows rice grains with different colors, the rice grains are slender or elliptical, the epidermis is purplish red, the interior is purplish purple, the smell is faint scent, the soup for cooking porridge is thick, the amber is like cerealose, the cooking oil is bright and mellow, the taste is soft, the purple black color is more than or equal to 80 percent, the rice contains 8.5 to 12.5 percent of crude protein (calculated by dry matter), 2.7 to 3.8 percent of crude fat, mineral elements needed by human bodies are 1 to 3 times higher than that of the conventional rice, and the rice further contains various special components which are beneficial to the human bodies, such as vitamin C, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, carotene and the like which are lacked by the common rice.
The history of planting the colorful rice has been over 2000 years, and the planting is not popularized all the time because of the problems of management technology, yield and the like, so that the improvement is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the existing defects, and provide the method for planting the colorful rice, which is simple to operate, has the advantages of high yield, safety and the like, and the planted area can form effective and continuous protection on external insect pests, and the produced colorful rice has rich nutritive value and health care effect, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for planting colorful rice, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing soil and making a bed;
s2: seed treatment;
s3: sowing;
s4: managing a seedbed;
s5: applying base fertilizer to the soil of the field;
s6: transplanting in a field;
s7: managing the field;
s8: controlling diseases, pests and weeds;
s9: harvesting, storing, transporting and packaging.
As a preferable mode, the soil preparation bed in the step S1 includes:
1) seedling shed construction
The greenhouse is built so that the seedling greenhouse does not drip water to the seedbed, and the ventilation openings of the middle greenhouse and the greenhouse are preferably 1 m away from the ground.
2) Seedbed construction
Soil is shallow turned by 10 cm, the bed height is more than 5cm, 5kg-10 kg of decomposed high-quality agricultural fertilizer is applied to each square meter of seedbed, and 30% of methyl cream and oxa-ethyl cream are applied to each square meter of seedbed before sowing1.2g/m of metalaxyl water agent2～1.8g/m2Or is or
Is suitable for local low-toxicity pollution-free medicines capable of preventing diseases in seedling stage, and is sprayed thoroughly with water to prevent and control the blight of the multicolored rice.
As a preferable scheme, the seed treatment in step S2 includes:
a) sun-drying seeds: sunny days are selected for the seeds to be sunned for 1 to 2 days before the seeds are soaked, and then the sunned seeds are placed in a cool and dry place for storage;
b) selecting seeds, namely selecting seeds by using saline water with the specific gravity of 1.13, and cleaning the seeds for more than 2 times by using clear water;
c) and seed soaking: soaking seeds in clear solution of 1 percent lime water for 15 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 15 and 20 ℃, submerging the seeds in a water layer for 10 to 15cm to avoid direct light, and cleaning the rice seeds after soaking to directly accelerate germination;
e) and accelerating germination: the soaked rice seeds are placed at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ for chest breaking for 24-36 hours, the chest breaking condition is observed every 10 hours, and watering and moistening are carried out according to the conditions, wherein the bud length is preferably 1 mm.
As a preferable scheme, the seeding in step S3 includes:
1) and sowing time: after germination accelerating, dressing seeds with imidacloprid before sowing, generally, before the end of 5-month middle and last ten days to 6-month, stabilizing the daily average temperature to 20 ℃ or stably passing the lowest temperature of 10 ℃ at night, sowing the machine-transplanted seedlings in a tray 30 days before seedling transplanting, and sowing the hand-transplanted seedlings in a dry seedling manner 35 days before seedling transplanting;
2) the method comprises the following steps: manually sowing or using a quantitative positioning sowing device;
3) and seeding amount: 6-8 kg of bud seeds are sown per mu for cultivating strong seedlings; seedling by mechanical transplanting in trays, wherein 100-150 g of buds and seeds are sowed in each tray; 3-5 seeds are sowed in each hole for direct seeding and seedling raising.
As a preferable mode, the bed management in step S4 includes:
1) and temperature: the surface temperature in the shed is controlled within 32 ℃ from the sowing to the seedling emergence stage, the temperature is controlled between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ from the seedling emergence to the 2.5 leaf stage, the temperature is controlled between 22 ℃ and 25 ℃ after 2.5 leaves, and the lowest temperature is higher than 10 ℃ before 5 days to 7 days of seedling transplantation and then the seedlings are naturally hardened;
2) moisture content: observing the leaf apex condition in the early morning after the seedlings are aligned, and watering the leaves once to permeate water if no water is spitted, so as to circulate;
3) and topdressing: spraying urea 10kg with water or broadcasting in shallow water when the fertility of the rice seedling field is insufficient or 3 days before transplanting;
4) and disease prevention: spraying tricyclazole and spraying agent to prevent and control rice blast and sheath blight in seedling stage;
5) and weeding: by adopting alternate soil and seedbed protection measures, the occurrence of weeds can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, artificial weeding is combined.
As a preferable scheme, the field soil preparation base fertilizer application in the step S5 includes:
1) land preparation: cleaning drainage and irrigation canal systems before soil preparation, ensuring smooth water flow, draining water in the early period, soaking the field in the early period, forming pool ridges, leveling and raking;
2) base fertilizer for field
a) The fertilizer application is mainly carried out on the organic fertilizer, the chemical fertilizer is used as an auxiliary material, if the chemical fertilizer is applied, the chemical fertilizer must be applied together with the organic fertilizer, and the dosage of the inorganic nitrogen is not more than half of the demand of the current season nitrogen of the crops, or the dosage of the inorganic nitrogen is reduced by half according to the fertilizer application dosage of the local same kind of crops.
b) Applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer per mu in combination with one-time application of dry ploughing, applying 3-5 kg of pure nitrogen, 5-10 kg of pure phosphorus and 3-5 kg of pure potassium per mu in soil preparation, or reasonably applying the fertilizer under the guidance of technicians according to the target yield and the fertilizer supply capacity of soil.
As a preferable scheme, the field transplanting in step S6 includes:
and (3) transplanting period: the sowing time is 28-35 days after sowing, and manual or mechanical operation is adopted; the transplanting density is 10 x 15 cm.
As a preferable scheme, the field management in the step S7 includes:
1) irrigation of water
Immediately irrigating water to 1/3 seedling height after transplanting, and keeping the water layer for 3-4 days;
2) tillering and tillering
Shallow water in the seedling-slowing and tillering stage is heated, the water depth is not more than 3 cm, and a 'shallow-wet-dry' alternative irrigation mode is advocated after the ear is pregnant;
3) and water withdrawal
Removing water in the yellow ripening period after the ears are aligned for 25 days;
4) and top dressing
After transplanting rice seedlings and before tillering, 3-4 kg of pure nitrogen is applied to green returning and tillering fertilizer per mu; in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, 5 kg-8 kg of pure potassium is fertilized per mu of topsoil fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is determined according to the growth vigor of the seedlings.
As a preferable mode, the control of the plant diseases and insect pests in step S8 includes agricultural control, physical control and biological control, and the agricultural control includes the following control steps:
a) selecting varieties with multiple resistances, and performing variety rotation and intercropping;
b) removing a bacteria source: removing rice straws and blighted grains in the area with serious rice blast in the current year in time; picking up sclerotium at a water outlet when soaking in the field in the area with serious sheath blight and false smut; timely pulling out diseased plants when the rice false smut discovers central diseased plants;
c) removing insect sources: removing weeds on the field by combining accumulated fertilizer, sweeping the larvae on the leaves with a small broom in the early morning when the leaves are in strong dew, and continuously sweeping for 3 to 4 days to kill the insects. Removing weeds in the field in time, irrigating with shallow water after transplanting, draining and drying the field;
d) a weed source for killing: deeply turning over after autumn to inhibit the germination of grass seeds; clearing weeds on the sides of ditches, ridges and fields; shearing off barnyard grass ears before the barnyard grass is mature; cultivating to eliminate weeds; adopting alternate soil for the seedbed, protecting the seedbed and manually weeding;
the physical control comprises the following control steps:
a) the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out light blockage on a village rice plant stack by using a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, wherein the lamp starting time is required to begin from the beginning of chilo suppressalis adults in the first ten days of the month 6 to end at the end of chilo suppressalis adults in the middle ten days of the month 9, and arranging one insecticidal lamp for trapping and killing the chilo suppressalis adults in each 3-5 mu of a paddy field;
the biological control comprises the following control steps:
a) preventing and treating rice blast and false smut: the tricyclazole wettable powder is adopted for spray prevention and treatment, and the pesticide is applied for 1 time respectively at the late stage of rice booting and the early stage of heading;
b) preventing and controlling chilo suppressalis: in the chilo suppressalis adult peak period, 20 ten thousand bees are put for each hectare in twice, and the interval is 5-7 days; or 20 lure cores are arranged in each hectare in the rice field by using the sex attractant.
As a preferable mode, the harvesting, storing, transporting and packaging in step S9 includes:
harvesting at the late stage of yellow ripeness by adopting a manual or mechanical mode.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
1. the method is simple to operate, the planting area can effectively and continuously protect the external insect pests, the method has the advantages of high yield, safety and the like, and the produced colorful rice is rich in nutritive value and has a health-care effect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example (b):
the embodiment provides a method for planting colorful rice, which comprises the following steps:
1. selecting a plot with the environment quality meeting NY/T391, such as leeward, sunny, convenient water source, high and dry terrain and good drainage as the seedbed plot;
2. soil preparation bed
1) And the requirements of seedling shed
The greenhouse building principle is that the seedling greenhouse does not drip water to the seedbed, and the ventilation openings of the middle greenhouse and the greenhouse are preferably 1 meter away from the ground;
2) seedbed requirements
Soil is ploughed shallowly by 10 cm, bed height is more than 5cm, high-quality manure 5kg E per square meter seedbed is applied10 kg. Before sowing, 30 percent of methyl cream-hymexazol aqua is used for each square meter of seedbed2～ 1.8 g/m2(or a medicine which is suitable for local low-toxicity pollution-free and can prevent diseases in the seedling stage) is mixed with water until the mixture is sprayed thoroughly, so that the multicolored rice damping-off is prevented.
3. Seed of corn
1) The seed quality meets the requirement of GB 4404.1;
2) the variety is selected according to the principle of proper maturity and strong stress resistance, and the variety is strictly screened and approved by the state or Hunan province. Transgenic varieties cannot be used;
3) seed treatment
a) Sun-drying seeds: sunny days are selected for the seeds to be sunned for 1 to 2 days before the seeds are soaked, and then the sunned seeds are placed in a cool and dry place for storage;
b) selecting seeds, namely selecting seeds by using saline water with the specific gravity of 1.13, and cleaning the seeds for more than 2 times by using clear water;
c) and seed soaking: soaking seeds in clear solution of 1 percent lime water for 15 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 15 and 20 ℃. The water layer should submerge the seeds by 10-15 cm to avoid direct light, and the rice seeds are cleaned and directly accelerated to germinate after being soaked;
e) and accelerating germination: the soaked rice seeds are placed at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ for chest breaking for 24-36 hours, the chest breaking situation is observed every 10 hours, and watering and moistening are carried out according to the conditions, wherein the bud length is 1 mm;
4. seeding
1) And sowing time: after germination accelerating, dressing seeds with imidacloprid before sowing, wherein the average daily temperature is stabilized at 20 ℃ or the lowest nighttime temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃ generally from middle and late ten days of 5 months to the end of 6 months; sowing the machine-transplanted seedling in 30 days before transplanting, and sowing the hand-transplanted seedling in 35 days before transplanting;
2) the method comprises the following steps: manually sowing or using a quantitative positioning sowing device.
3) And seeding amount: 6-8 kg of bud seeds are sown per mu for cultivating strong seedlings; seedling by mechanical transplanting in trays, wherein 100-150 g of buds and seeds are sowed in each tray; 3-5 seeds are sowed in each hole for direct seeding and seedling raising;
5. seedbed management
1) And temperature: the surface temperature in the shed is controlled within 32 ℃ from the sowing to the seedling emergence stage, the temperature is controlled between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ from the seedling emergence to the 2.5 leaf stage, the temperature is controlled between 22 ℃ and 25 ℃ after 2.5 leaves, and the lowest temperature is higher than 10 ℃ before 5 days to 7 days of seedling transplantation and then the seedlings are naturally hardened;
2) moisture content: observing the leaf apex condition in the early morning after the seedlings are aligned, and watering the leaves once to permeate water if no water is spitted, so as to circulate;
3) and topdressing: spraying urea 10kg with water or broadcasting in shallow water when the fertility of the rice seedling field is insufficient or 3 days before transplanting;
4) and disease prevention: and (3) spraying tricyclazole and spraying to prevent and control rice blast and sheath blight in seedling stage.
5) And weeding: by adopting alternate soil and seedbed protection measures, the occurrence of weeds can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, artificial weeding is combined.
6. Base fertilizer for soil preparation in field
1) Land preparation: the drainage and irrigation canal system is cleaned before soil preparation, so as to ensure smooth water flow. Early draining water, early soaking the field, forming a pool ridge, leveling and finely raking.
2) And base fertilizer application in the field:
a) the fertilizer application should be mainly organic fertilizer and auxiliary fertilizer. If the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer must be applied together with the organic fertilizer, and the dosage of the inorganic nitrogen is not more than half of the demand of the current season nitrogen of the crops, or the dosage of the inorganic nitrogen is reduced by half according to the local habitual fertilization dosage of the same crops.
b) 1000kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and the organic fertilizer is applied once in combination with dry ploughing. When soil preparation is carried out, 5kg-10 kg of pure nitrogen, 5kg-10 kg of pure phosphorus and 3 kg-5 kg of pure potassium are applied to each mu, or chemical fertilizers are reasonably applied under the guidance of technicians according to the target yield and the soil fertilizer supply capacity.
7. Transplanting in field
And (3) transplanting period: the sowing time is 28-35 days after sowing, and manual or mechanical operation is adopted; the transplanting density is 10 x 15 cm.
8. Management of field
1) Irrigating, immediately irrigating to 1/3 seedling height after transplanting, and keeping the water layer for 3-4 days.
2) And in the tillering stage, shallow water is heated (the water depth is not more than 3 cm), and a shallow-wet-dry alternative irrigation mode is advocated after ear pregnancy.
3) And water withdrawal
Removing water 25 days later (yellow ripening stage).
4) Topdressing, namely, after transplanting rice seedlings and before tillering, 3-4 kg of pure nitrogen is topdressed and tillered per mu; in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, 5 kg-8 kg of pure potassium is fertilized per mu of topsoil fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is determined according to the growth vigor of the seedlings.
Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds
1. The plant protection policy of 'prevention is mainly and comprehensively controlled' is insisted on, and the plant protection policy is based on agricultural control, preferably adopts physical and biological control technologies and is assisted by chemical control measures. High-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide varieties are used, and the pesticide varieties prohibited and limited by national regulations are strictly prohibited. The medicament selection and use should meet the requirements of NY/T393 and NY/T1276.
2. Major pest and disease targets
Bakanae disease, damping off, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, false smut, chilo suppressalis, weeds and the like.
3. Prevention and control method
1) And the following measures can be taken for agricultural control:
a) selecting the variety with multiple resistance, and performing variety rotation and intercropping.
b) Removing a bacteria source: removing rice straws and blighted grains in the area with serious rice blast in the current year in time; picking up sclerotium at a water outlet when soaking in the field in the area with serious sheath blight and false smut; when the rice false smut finds central diseased plants, the diseased plants need to be pulled out in time.
c) Removing insect sources: removing weeds on the field by combining accumulated fertilizer, sweeping the larvae on the leaves with a small broom in the early morning when the leaves are in strong dew, and continuously sweeping for 3 to 4 days to kill the insects. Timely removing weeds in the field, irrigating with shallow water after transplanting, draining and drying in the sun.
d) A weed source for killing: deeply turning over after autumn to inhibit the germination of grass seeds; clearing weeds on the sides of ditches, ridges and fields; shearing off barnyard grass ears before the barnyard grass is mature; cultivating to eliminate weeds; the seedbed adopts alternate soil, seedbed protection measures and artificial weeding.
2) Physical prevention and cure
And (3) carrying out light blockage on the village rice plant stacks by using a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, wherein the lamp starting time is required to be from the beginning of the chilo suppressalis adult in late 6 months to the end of the chilo suppressalis adult in middle 9 months. A pest killing lamp is arranged in each 5-8 mu of the paddy field to trap and kill the chilo suppressalis adults.
3) And biological control, the following measures can be taken:
a) preventing and treating rice blast and false smut: the tricyclazole wettable powder is adopted for spray prevention and treatment, and the pesticide is applied for 1 time respectively at the late stage of rice booting and the early stage of heading.
b) Preventing and controlling chilo suppressalis: in the chilo suppressalis adult peak period, 20 ten thousand bees are put for each hectare in twice, and the interval is 5-7 days; or 20 lure cores are arranged in each hectare in the rice field by using the sex attractant.
Eighthly, harvesting, storing, transporting and packaging
1. Harvesting
Harvesting at the late stage of yellow ripeness by adopting a manual or mechanical mode.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting colorful rice is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing soil and making a bed;
s2: seed treatment;
s3: sowing;
s4: managing a seedbed;
s5: applying base fertilizer to the soil of the field;
s6: transplanting in a field;
s7: managing the field;
s8: controlling diseases, pests and weeds;
s9: harvesting, storing, transporting and packaging.
2. The method for growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the soil preparation bed in step S1 includes:
1) seedling shed construction
Building a greenhouse to prevent the seedling greenhouse from dripping water to the seedbed, wherein the ventilation openings of the middle greenhouse and the greenhouse are preferably 1 m away from the ground;
2) seedbed construction
Soil is shallowly turned for 10 cm, the bed height is more than 5cm, each square meter of seedbed is applied with decomposed high-quality agricultural fertilizer for 5kg-10 kg, and before sowing, each square meter of seedbed is applied with 30 percent of methyl cream, hymexazol aqua for 1.2g/m2～1.8g/m2Or is or
Is suitable for local low-toxicity pollution-free medicines capable of preventing diseases in seedling stage, and is sprayed thoroughly with water to prevent and control the blight of the multicolored rice.
3. The method for growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the seed treatment in step S2 includes:
a) sun-drying seeds: sunny days are selected for the seeds to be sunned for 1 to 2 days before the seeds are soaked, and then the sunned seeds are placed in a cool and dry place for storage;
b) selecting seeds, namely selecting seeds by using saline water with the specific gravity of 1.13, and cleaning the seeds for more than 2 times by using clear water;
c) and seed soaking: soaking seeds in clear solution of 1 percent lime water for 15 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 15 and 20 ℃, submerging the seeds in a water layer for 10 to 15cm to avoid direct light, and cleaning the rice seeds after soaking to directly accelerate germination;
e) and accelerating germination: the soaked rice seeds are placed at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ for chest breaking for 24-36 hours, the chest breaking condition is observed every 10 hours, and watering and moistening are carried out according to the conditions, wherein the bud length is preferably 1 mm.
4. The method for growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the seeding in step S3 includes:
1) and sowing time: after germination accelerating, dressing seeds with imidacloprid before sowing, generally, before the end of 5-month middle and last ten days to 6-month, stabilizing the daily average temperature to 20 ℃ or stably passing the lowest temperature of 10 ℃ at night, sowing the machine-transplanted seedlings in a tray 30 days before seedling transplanting, and sowing the hand-transplanted seedlings in a dry seedling manner 35 days before seedling transplanting;
2) the method comprises the following steps: manually sowing or using a quantitative positioning sowing device;
3) and seeding amount: 6-8 kg of bud seeds are sown per mu for cultivating strong seedlings; seedling by mechanical transplanting in trays, wherein 100-150 g of buds and seeds are sowed in each tray; 3-5 seeds are sowed in each hole for direct seeding and seedling raising.
5. The method of growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the bed management in step S4 includes:
1) and temperature: the surface temperature in the shed is controlled within 32 ℃ from the sowing to the seedling emergence stage, the temperature is controlled between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ from the seedling emergence to the 2.5 leaf stage, the temperature is controlled between 22 ℃ and 25 ℃ after 2.5 leaves, and the lowest temperature is higher than 10 ℃ before 5 days to 7 days of seedling transplantation and then the seedlings are naturally hardened;
2) moisture content: observing the leaf apex condition in the early morning after the seedlings are aligned, and watering the leaves once to permeate water if no water is spitted, so as to circulate;
3) and topdressing: spraying urea 10kg with water or broadcasting in shallow water when the fertility of the rice seedling field is insufficient or 3 days before transplanting;
4) and disease prevention: spraying tricyclazole and spraying agent to prevent and control rice blast and sheath blight in seedling stage;
5) and weeding: by adopting alternate soil and seedbed protection measures, the occurrence of weeds can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, artificial weeding is combined.
6. The method for growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the land preparation and base fertilizer application in the step S5 comprises the following steps:
1) land preparation: cleaning drainage and irrigation canal systems before soil preparation, ensuring smooth water flow, draining water in the early period, soaking the field in the early period, forming pool ridges, leveling and raking;
2) base fertilizer for field
a) The fertilizer application is mainly carried out on the organic fertilizer, the chemical fertilizer is used as an auxiliary material, if the chemical fertilizer is applied, the chemical fertilizer must be applied together with the organic fertilizer, the dosage of the inorganic nitrogen is not more than half of the current season nitrogen demand of the crops, or the dosage of the inorganic nitrogen is reduced by half according to the local habitual fertilizer application dosage of the same crops,
8b) applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer per mu, applying 3-5 kg of pure nitrogen, 5-10 kg of pure phosphorus and 3-5 kg of pure potassium per mu in combination with one-time application of dry ploughing, or reasonably applying the fertilizer under the guidance of technicians according to the target yield and the fertilizer supply capacity of soil.
7. The method of growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the field transplanting in step S6 includes:
and (3) transplanting period: the sowing time is 28-35 days after sowing, and manual or mechanical operation is adopted; the transplanting density is 10 x 15 cm.
8. The method of growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the field management in step S7 includes:
1) irrigation of water
Immediately irrigating water to 1/3 seedling height after transplanting, and keeping the water layer for 3-4 days;
2) tillering and tillering
Shallow water in the seedling-slowing and tillering stage is heated, the water depth is not more than 3 cm, and a 'shallow-wet-dry' alternative irrigation mode is advocated after the ear is pregnant;
3) and water withdrawal
Removing water in the yellow ripening period after the ears are aligned for 25 days;
4) and top dressing
After transplanting rice seedlings and before tillering, applying 3-4 kg of striking root and tillering fertilizer pure nitrogen per mu; in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, 5kg to 8kg of pure potassium are applied to each mu of rice-spike fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is determined according to the growth vigor of the seedlings.
9. The method of growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the control of the diseases, pests and weeds in the step S8 comprises agricultural control, physical control and biological control, and the agricultural control comprises the following control steps:
a) selecting varieties with multiple resistances, and performing variety rotation and intercropping;
b) removing a bacteria source: removing rice straws and blighted grains in the area with serious rice blast in the current year in time; in the field with serious sheath blight and false smut, sclerotium is salvaged at a water outlet during field soaking; timely pulling out diseased plants when the rice false smut discovers central diseased plants;
c) removing insect sources: removing weeds on the field by combining accumulated fertilizers, sweeping the larvae on the leaves with a small broom when the leaves are thick and dew in the early morning, and continuously sweeping for 3 to 4 days to kill the insects;
removing weeds in the field in time, irrigating with shallow water after transplanting, draining and drying the field;
d) a weed source for killing: deeply turning over after autumn to inhibit the germination of grass seeds; clearing weeds on the sides of ditches, ridges and fields; shearing off barnyard grass ears before the barnyard grass is mature; cultivating to eliminate weeds; adopting alternate soil for the seedbed, protecting the seedbed and manually weeding;
the physical control comprises the following control steps:
a) the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out light blockage on a village rice plant stack by using a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, wherein the lamp starting time is required to begin from the beginning of chilo suppressalis adults in the first ten days of the month 6 to end at the end of chilo suppressalis adults in the middle ten days of the month 9, and arranging one insecticidal lamp for trapping and killing the chilo suppressalis adults in each 3-5 mu of a paddy field;
the biological control comprises the following control steps:
a) preventing and treating rice blast and false smut: the tricyclazole wettable powder is adopted for spray prevention and treatment, and the pesticide is applied for 1 time respectively at the late stage of rice booting and the early stage of heading;
b) preventing and controlling chilo suppressalis: in the chilo suppressalis adult peak period, 20 ten thousand bees are put for each hectare in twice, and the interval is 5-7 days; or 20 lure cores are arranged in each hectare in the rice field by using the sex attractant.
10. The method of growing multicolored rice as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the harvesting, storing, transporting, and packaging in step S9 includes:
harvesting at the late stage of yellow ripeness by adopting a manual or mechanical mode.
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| CN114271157A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for preventing rice glume deformity |
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| CN114271157A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for preventing rice glume deformity |
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