CN112913606A - Lodging-resistant cultivation method for enhancing wild fragrant high-quality series high-quality hybrid rice - Google Patents
Lodging-resistant cultivation method for enhancing wild fragrant high-quality series high-quality hybrid rice Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses a lodging-resistant cultivation method for enhanced wild fragrant high-quality series high-quality hybrid rice, which comprises the steps of seed coating treatment, printing and positioning seeding, root fertilizer layering and semi-drought seedling raising, proper-depth mechanical transplanting, one-time balanced fertilization, intermittent irrigation, two-time biochemical regulation and control in the middle and later periods, comprehensive control of diseases, insect pests, weeds, proper early harvesting, proper-temperature dryer storage and the like. The invention defines the synergistic effect and the implementation method of the one-time balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the matched fertilization of calcium, silicon and magnesium and the two-time biochemical regulation and control in the middle and later periods on the control of the lodging of the wild excellent series high-quality hybrid rice, so that the yield per unit of the high-quality hybrid rice is improved, and the lodging resistance is obviously enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-quality and high-yield cultivation of crops, in particular to a lodging-resistant cultivation method for enhancing wild high-quality series high-quality hybrid rice.
Background
The superior hybrid rice of the superior wild-fragrant series, such as the superior wild-fragrant silky seedling, the superior wild-fragrant oily shred, the superior wild-fragrant 9, the superior wild-fragrant Lizhan, the superior wild-fragrant 2, the superior wild-fragrant sea shred, the superior wild-fragrant sailing 1573 and other series varieties, has the characteristics of proper growth period, coordinated group and individual development, balanced spike grain structure, high and stable yield, and simultaneously the organs such as the leaf, the husk, the rice grain and the like can emit fragrant substances, so the rice field planted with the superior wild fragrance can smell the fragrance, and the cooked rice has strong fragrance, and is popular with growers and consumers. However, wild Xiangyou hybrid rice has strong regionality, and the rice and the cooked rice have different flavors and flavor substances in different places and under different cultivation and management conditions. The high temperature in the late 7 th to middle 8 th of the Yangtze river valley is not favorable for the heading grouting of the wild fragrant excellent hybrid rice and the formation of the rice quality. When the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, flower pumping can affect pollination and fertilization, reduce seed setting rate and increase rice white. The water and fertilizer management is enhanced in the aspect of cultivation management, for example, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, sulfur fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer containing zinc, boron and the like are applied, and the content of the fragrant substances is favorably improved. In addition, the lodging resistance of the wild fragrant series is not strong, and cultivation techniques for properly controlling nitrogen fertilizer, applying potassium fertilizer, irrigating shallow water and the like to enhance the lodging resistance are needed in cultivation. The fragrant substance of fragrant rice is not only controlled by genetic genes, but also influenced by soil and climate conditions of cultivation sites and cultivation management measures. Under the condition of lodging, the yield is reduced, the content of the rice direct-bonded starch and protein is increased, and the content of the fragrant substances is reduced. In production, how to enhance the lodging resistance of the wild high-quality series hybrid rice variety and avoid lodging is an urgent problem to be solved in production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lodging-resistant cultivation method for enhancing wild fragrant high-quality series high-quality hybrid rice, which can keep the fragrance of fragrant rice in a common cultivation environment by improving a field cultivation management method, avoid lodging and obviously improve the yield per unit and economic benefits. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a lodging-resistant cultivation method for enhancing wild fragrant high-quality series high-quality hybrid rice is characterized in that: comprises the following steps
(1) Coating seeds with a seed coating agent special for rice and accurately positioning and sowing by a printing sowing machine;
(2) adopting a root fertilizer layered semi-drought method to raise seedlings and cultivating seedlings with strong rooting power;
(3) adopting a high-speed transplanter to transplant rice seedlings in a proper depth in the 4-6 leaf stage of the rice seedlings;
(4) the balanced fertilization method is adopted for one-time fertilization, so that fertilization in the jointing stage is avoided; on the basis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilization, calcium, silicon and magnesium fertilizers are applied in a matched manner, and all the fertilizers are applied at one time before rice transplanting and are fully mixed with soil;
(5) spraying a biochemical regulator and a magnesium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces twice in the jointing stage and the heading stage, shortening the length of the base part extending into the internode, and enhancing the elasticity of the stalks;
(6) the intermittent irrigation method adopting dry-wet alternation comprises the following steps: adopting a water-saving irrigation method of live roots in 5-7 cm deep water, tillering in 2-4 cm shallow water, controlling ineffective tillering in a water-falling and field-drying mode for 10-15 days, and strengthening dry and wet seeds;
(7) comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and mainly radically treating rice sheath blight to protect the sheath and prevent the sheath from being damaged by the rice sheath blight;
(8) harvesting at proper time, drying at proper temperature, and storing. The rice is dried at the proper temperature of 45-50 ℃ and stored at the low temperature of 15-25 ℃.
In the step (1), seed coating agent is adopted to coat the seeds, and the seeds are printed, positioned and sown, so that the germination rate and the sowing uniformity of the seeds are improved.
And (3) seedling raising by the root fertilizer layering semi-drought method in the step (2), dissolving fertilizer nutrients in clean water, applying to agricultural rock wool with the thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm, covering a substrate after sowing, wherein the substrate does not contain fertilizer, and the root systems of the seedlings are distributed on a rock wool layer and a substrate layer covering seeds.
In the step (3), a high-speed transplanter is adopted to grow seedlings with proper depth, generally 2-3 cm, so that the seedlings are prevented from floating.
The balanced fertilization method in the step (4) is used for one-time fertilization, fertilizer is applied to a rice field at one time, and fertilizer nutrients are fully mixed with soil through cultivation such as harrowing, weeding and the like; the method comprises the steps of applying 8-12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer counted by N and P of phosphate fertilizer counted by P to each mu of field at one time2O5K is counted and the potash fertilizer is counted2Calculated by O, the dosage is respectively 0.5 and 0.8 of the nitrogen fertilizer.
And (5) spraying a biochemical regulator and a magnesium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the two leaves in the jointing stage and the heading stage to shorten the length of the stalk extending between joints. Spraying the diluted magnesium compound agent (or the spraying magnesium compound agent) on the leaf surfaces in the jointing stage, and spraying the diluted magnesium compound agent (or the spraying magnesium compound agent) on the leaf surfaces in the heading stageThe magnesium compound agent is respectively added with 50-70 kg/mu of water for fine mist spraying when in application. Wherein: the mixed agent of diluted magnesium and calcium is prepared by using 30 to 50 grams of 5 percent prohexadione calcium and 12 to 15 grams of 95 percent diluted triazole plus magnesium sulfate (MgSO)47H2O) 280-400 g; the magnesium compound agent is prepared by using 30-50 g of 5% prohexadione calcium and 20-25 g of 95% paclobutrazol and magnesium sulfate (MgSO)47H2O) 280-400 g; the magnesium compound agent is prepared by adding 30-50 g of 5% prohexadione calcium and magnesium sulfate (MgSO)47H2O) 280-400 g.
Specifically, the cultivation method for enhancing lodging resistance of the wild high-quality series high-quality hybrid rice comprises the following steps:
(1) seed coating agent is adopted to coat the seeds, and the seeds are printed, positioned and sowed, so that the germination rate and the sowing uniformity of the seeds are improved. Preparation of coated seeds: firstly, a special rice seed coating agent containing an insecticide, a bactericide and a growth regulator can be selected, such as a special rice seed coating agent for rice seedling Rooibos, and seeds are coated by using a common automatic coating machine; and secondly, sowing the coated seeds on reed paper, such as a Jiangsu Hande printing seeder, and positioning and fixing the seeds and the paper by using corn starch glue, wherein the row spacing of the seeds is 14 mm multiplied by 17 mm. Packing and storing the reed seeding paper coated with the sowed seeds, and applying the reed seeding paper when raising seedlings.
(2) Adopts a dry method of layered root fertilizer to raise rice seedlings and cultivate the rice seedlings with strong rooting power. The specific method comprises the following steps: selecting water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining material as seedling-raising matrix, such as agricultural rock wool, etc., dissolving the required fertilizer in clean water, i.e. applying 45% of compound fertilizer (15N-15% P) per square meter of seedling bed2O5-15K2O)40 g of the seed reed is dissolved in 3 kg of clean water, the seed reed is uniformly spread on a rock wool seedling bed by a watering pot, coated seed reed seeding paper is paved on the wet and permeable rock wool, namely, about 300 g of seed reed is sowed per square meter, a substrate with the thickness of about 0.5 cm is covered after sowing, the substrate is watered to moisten, a soil bactericide is sprayed, and non-woven fabrics are paved. The ground substance is not added with any fertilizer, and 2 kg of crushed rice field soil and 1 kg of crushed rice hulls (or rice hull charcoal) are fully and uniformly mixed. After seedling emergence, water is supplemented to keep the rock wool and the matrix wet until the seedlings are transplanted to a field.
(3) The high-speed transplanter is adopted to transplant seedlings with a proper depth of 2-3 cm generally, so that the seedlings are prevented from floating. The high-speed transplanter has less damage to the seedlings, and when the leaf age of the seedlings is 4-6, the rock wool and the seedlings are rolled up and transplanted to a field which is leveled for 2 days. The transplanting density of the rice seedlings is as follows: the row spacing is 30 cm, and the plant spacing is 14 cm; or the row spacing is 25 cm, the plant spacing is 17 cm, and 1-2 seedlings are planted in each hole. 4 days before transplanting, 1.5 g of urea and 1.5 g of monopotassium phosphate are broadcast to each square meter of seedling bed to serve as the fertilizer for grafting, and the fertilizer is dissolved by spraying water after broadcast.
(4) The balanced fertilization method is adopted for one-time fertilization, so that fertilization in the jointing stage is avoided. On the basis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilization, the calcium, silicon and magnesium fertilizer is applied in a matching way. When land preparation is performed in flat fields before transplanting, fertilizer is applied to farmlands, and fertilizer nutrients are fully mixed with soil through cultivation such as harrowing, weeding and the like. Applying 8-12 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer in terms of N once per mu of field, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: phosphorus (in P)2O5Meter): potassium (in K)2Calculated as O) is 1: 0.5: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied in a ratio of 0.8. The specific fertilizer dosage is determined according to the soil fertility level of the rice field, and generally 8 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to a high-fertility field per mu, 10 kilograms of a medium-fertility field and 12 kilograms of a low-fertility field. Meanwhile, about 30 kg of 25 percent calcium-silicon-magnesium multi-element compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land in a matching way.
(5) Spraying biochemical regulator and magnesium fertilizer in the jointing stage to shorten the length of the basal part extending into the internode. In the jointing stage, namely the first internode of the basal part is extended by about 2 mm, the first foliage spraying is carried out to prepare the dilute magnesium compound agent (or the spraying is carried out to prepare the magnesium compound agent); in the second heading stage, about 10% of rice ears in the whole field extend out of the scabbard of the sword-like leaves by more than 2 cm, and the leaf surface is sprayed with the magnesium compound agent. Wherein the mixed dilute magnesium compound agent is prepared by using 30-50 g of 5 percent prohexadione calcium and 12-15 g of 95 percent dilute uniconazole plus magnesium sulfate (MgSO)47H2O) 280-400 g and 50-70 kg of water; the magnesium compound agent is prepared by using 30-50 g of 5% prohexadione calcium and 20-25 g of 95% paclobutrazol and magnesium sulfate (MgSO)47H2O) 280-400 g and 50-70 kg of water; the magnesium compound agent is prepared by adding 30-50 g of 5% prohexadione calcium and magnesium sulfate (MgSO)47H2O) 280-400 g and water 5070 kilograms.
(6) Adopts a dry-wet alternative intermittent irrigation method to nourish roots and protect leaves so as to enhance the elasticity of the stalks. Irrigating in deep water (5-7 cm) with humidity 2-3 days after transplanting to accelerate green turning and tillering; continuing for 15-20 days, and keeping shallow water (2-4 cm) for irrigation until the effective tillering termination period; drying the field in the water for 10-15 days to control the generation of ineffective tillering and promote the growth of root systems; continuing for 25-30 days, and recovering shallow water (5-7 cm) for irrigation to promote rice ear development and flowering pollination; after blooming, dry-wet irrigation is adopted to nourish roots and protect leaves so as to promote grouting and fructification; cutting off water 5-7 days before maturity, opening a waist ditch in a field, draining water in a surrounding ditch, drying the field, and waiting for mechanical harvesting.
(7) Comprehensively prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests, radically cure rice sheath blight and protect leaf sheaths. According to the information of diseases and pests of local plant protection departments, the diseases, pests and weeds are comprehensively controlled. Meanwhile, in the highest tillering stage (or the initial stage of rice ear differentiation), the booting stage and the filling stage (10 days after flowering), 130-150 g of 5% validamycin is added with 60 kg of water per mu to be uniformly sprayed on the middle lower parts of the colony, so as to prevent the rice sheath blight from damaging the leaf sheaths.
(8) Harvesting at proper time, drying at proper temperature, and storing. The hybrid fragrant rice variety of the superior wild series is suitable for being harvested by a manual thresher or a harvester in the yellow maturity stage of 90-95% of grains. After harvesting, the paddy can be sunned in soil under the natural sunshine condition or in the moderate temperature (45-50 ℃) condition by using a paddy drier. The rice needs to be stored under the condition of proper temperature (15-25 ℃), and the volatilization of fragrant substances and the reduction of fragrance caused by overhigh temperature and overlong time are avoided as much as possible during the storage.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the cultivation method for enhancing the lodging resistance of the wild fragrant high-quality series hybrid rice variety is characterized in that indexes such as rice yield, lodging resistance, fragrant substances and the like are greatly improved through strict control of the processes of seed treatment, seedling raising, transplanting, fertilizing, irrigation, biochemical regulation, pest and grass prevention and control, harvesting, storage and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the comparison of the number of bundles of neck internodal vessels of ears under the conditions of sparse close planting and sparse planting (2018).
Detailed Description
Whether hybrid rice is lodging or not is mainly controlled by genetic genes, but is also related to cultivation measures such as transplanting density, fertilization, irrigation and the like. In recent years, serial tests such as different fertilization methods, different planting densities and basic seedlings, different biochemical regulation and control and the like are carried out in a Liuyang Yongan rice cultivation test base, the influence of cultivation measures on the lodging resistance of hybrid rice is researched, and the main test results are as follows:
(1) the test result shows that the planting density is increased, the basic seedling number of each hole is reduced, namely the angle of the base angle and the opening angle of the superior functional leaf is reduced, the leaf length is shortened, and the lodging resistance is favorably enhanced by adopting the less dense planting machine to plant hybrid late rice. Compared with the conventional (multi-root thin planting) machine transplanting cultivation, the base angle of the sword leaf is 0.62 degrees smaller, the opening angle is 0.42 degrees smaller, the inverted 2 leaves are 0.74 degrees and 0.72 degrees smaller respectively, and the inverted 3 leaves are 1.65 degrees and 1.63 degrees smaller respectively; the length of the sword-like leaf is 2.85 cm, and the length of the inverted 2 leaves and the inverted 3 leaves is 4.20 cm and 5.05 cm respectively (Table 1).
TABLE 1 influence of different planting densities and basic seedling numbers on hybrid rice Tianyou Huazhan leaf growth (2017 ~ 2018)
The test result also shows that the individual population development is coordinated, the stems are thick and strong, and the number and the area of the neck nodes and vascular bundles of the spikes are increased by adopting the small-volume close-planting machine for transplanting rice seedlings and cultivating. Wherein, as shown in 1-1 in figure 1, the number of the liangyou 819 ear-neck node large vascular bundles of the hybrid early rice plant is 14, which is increased by 2 compared with the conventional (multi-root thin planting) machine transplanting cultivation; as shown in 1-2 in figure 1, the hybrid late rice eupolyphaga accounts for 17 large vascular bundles of the neck nodes of the ears, and is increased by 3 compared with the conventional multi-root mechanical transplanting cultivation.
(2) In 2019-2020, wild Xiangyou No. 2 is used as a material, and the influence of spraying regulators with different proportions on lodging resistance of hybrid rice in a jointing stage and a heading stage is researched. The test was carried out with two treatments T1 and T2, and with clear water as control. The method comprises the following steps of spraying and adjusting a dilute magnesium compound agent (40 g of 5% prohexadione calcium per mu, 15 g of 95% uniconazole and 320 g of magnesium sulfate) and spraying and adjusting a multiple magnesium compound agent (40 g of 5% prohexadione calcium per mu, 24 g of 95% paclobutrazol and 320 g of magnesium sulfate) at the initial heading stage, wherein the dilute magnesium compound agent is sprayed and adjusted at the jointing stage T1, and the multiple magnesium compound agent is sprayed and adjusted at the T2 (40 g of 5% prohexadione calcium and 320 g of magnesium sulfate per mu).
TABLE 2 influence of different growth regulators on lodging resistance index and yield of hybrid rice wild Xiangyou No. 2 (2010-2020)
(3) In 2019-2020, the influence of different fertilization methods on the lodging resistance of hybrid rice is researched by using the wild fragrant excellent shredded seedlings and the Y-two excellent No. 1 material of the hybrid rice. 80 kilograms of compound fertilizer with 45 percent of nitrogen fertilizer dosage per mu is treated, the fertilizer is applied once when soil preparation is carried out before transplantation, and the fertilizer is applied by 50 percent of base fertilizer, 20 percent of tillering fertilizer and 30 percent of spike fertilizer in turn. The test result shows that: the hybrid rice with strong lodging resistance absorbs more nitrogen in the early stage of heading, the fresh weight of the overground part is increased, and the lodging resistance is enhanced. Adopting one-time fertilization treatment, wherein the nitrogen absorption amounts of the single plants before the scion of the Y Liangyou No. 1 and the wild fragrant Youyuan seedlings are 525 mg and 668 mg respectively, and are respectively increased by 8 percent and 16 percent compared with the control; the fresh weight of the overground part is 191 mg and 227 mg respectively, and is increased by 17 percent and 14 percent respectively compared with the control; the lodging resistance of the individual plants was 364 g and 340 g, respectively, and was increased by 174% and 172% respectively compared to the control, while the lodging index was 3.17 and 4.41, respectively, and was decreased by 56% and 54% respectively compared to the control (Table 3).
TABLE 3 influence of nitrogen uptake of plants on stalk lodging resistance at heading stage of hybrid rice (2019 ~ 2020)
Example 1
The test site is located in the Yongan Zhengtaicun of Liuyang city in late season of 2020, and the aromatic high-quality hybrid late rice wild aromatic high-quality rice is used as a test material. The lodging-resistant cultivation treatment comprises the following technical steps: seed coating treatment, 6-month and 3-day printing and positioning sowing, root fertilizer layering semi-drought seedling raising, seedling transplanting of 25-day-old seedlings by a seedling transplanting machine, alternate dry-wet intermittent irrigation, two-time biochemical regulation and control in the middle and later stages, comprehensive control of diseases, pests and weeds, timely harvesting, proper-temperature drying and low-temperature storage. 10 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer (N) and phosphate fertilizer (P) are applied to each mu of field at one time2O5)5 kg of potash fertilizer (K)2O)8 kg, and 30 kg of 25 percent calcium-silicon-magnesium multi-element compound fertilizer is applied in a matching way. Wherein, the diluted magnesium compound agent is prepared by mixing 40 g of 5 percent of prohexadione calcium, 15 g of 95 percent of uniconazole and 320 g of magnesium sulfate per mu and adding 60 kg of water for fine mist spraying in the jointing stage; the magnesium compound agent is prepared by mixing 40 g of 5 percent prohexadione calcium and 320 g of magnesium sulfate and adding 60 kg of water to be sprayed in fine mist at the initial ear stage. The test uses the traditional cultivation technical management as a contrast, wet seedling raising and manual seedling throwing are adopted, the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is the same as that of the test treatment, wherein nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 times, namely base fertilizer (50%), tillering fertilizer (20%) and spike fertilizer (30%), and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied for one time. The other field cultivation management is the same as the test treatment.
The test result shows that: (1) the yield of the cultivation and treatment by adopting the technology is 477.2 kilograms, and is increased by 75.3 kilograms compared with the contrast, so that the yield increasing effect is obvious. The development of rice ears is influenced by the treatment of different biochemical regulators, and the general trend shows that the total grain number of each ear is reduced, the seed setting rate is improved, the grain number of each ear is increased, but the effective grain number and thousand grain weight of each mu are not influenced. (2) The internode of the base part is shortened, and the lodging resistance is enhanced. The plant height and the length between the stem nodes are reduced by adopting the lodging-resistant cultivation treatment, wherein the plant height is reduced by 7.5cm, the 1 st and 2 nd internodes of the base part are shortened by 0.32 and 0.48 cm in half, the 5 th internode is shortened by 4.84 cm, and the ear stem node is shortened by 2.24 cm. In addition, the breaking resistance of the treated stalks is increased, the lodging index is reduced, the lodging area is reduced by 90 percent, and the amplitude reduction is extremely obvious.
Example 2
The test site is located in a test rice field of a high-tech science academy of science of Longheike of Guanshan town of Ningxiang county in late season of 2020, and the high-quality hybrid late rice Fenxiangyou No. 9 is used as a test material. The method comprises the following technical steps: seed coating treatment, 6-month and 10-day printing and positioning sowing, root fertilizer layering semi-drought seedling raising, seedling transplanting of 25-day-old seedlings by a seedling transplanting machine, alternate dry-wet intermittent irrigation, two-time biochemical regulation and control in the middle and later stages, comprehensive control of diseases, pests and weeds, timely harvesting, proper-temperature drying and low-temperature storage. 10 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer (N) and phosphate fertilizer (P) are applied to each mu of field at one time2O5)5 kg of potash fertilizer (K)2O)8 kg, and 30 kg of 25 percent calcium-silicon-magnesium multi-element compound fertilizer is applied in a matching way. Wherein, the compound agent of the magnesium is prepared by using 40 g of 5 percent of prohexadione calcium, 24 g of 95 percent of paclobutrazol and 320 g of magnesium sulfate per mu and adding 60 kg of water for fine mist spraying in the jointing stage; the magnesium compound agent is prepared by mixing 40 g of 5 percent prohexadione calcium and 320 g of magnesium sulfate and adding 60 kg of water to be sprayed in fine mist at the initial ear stage. The test uses the traditional cultivation technical management as a contrast, wet seedling raising and manual seedling throwing are adopted, the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is the same as that of the test treatment, wherein nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 times, namely base fertilizer (50%), tillering fertilizer (25%) and spike fertilizer (25%), and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied for one time. The other field cultivation management is the same as the test treatment.
The results show that: spraying the biochemical regulators such as paclobutrazol, prohexadione calcium and the like in the jointing stage obviously shortens the basal internode length of the wild Xiangyou No. 9 hybrid rice, enhances the lodging resistance and greatly reduces the lodging area. Firstly, 487.7 kg of yield per mu after biochemical treatment is increased by 65.8 kg compared with the control, and the yield increase effect is obvious. The biochemical regulator treatment affects the development of rice ears, and the general trend shows that the total grain number of each ear is reduced, the seed setting rate is improved, the grain number of each ear is increased, but the effective grain number and thousand grain weight of each mu are not affected. And secondly, the plant height and the length between the stem nodes are reduced by the treatment of the biochemical regulator, wherein the plant height is reduced by 7.5cm, the 1 st internode and the 2 nd internode of the base part are respectively shortened by 0.32 cm and 0.64 cm, the 5 th internode is shortened by 2.47 cm, and the ear stem node is shortened by 4.10 cm. The breaking resistance of the treated stalks is increased, the lodging index is reduced, the lodging area is reduced by 90 percent, and the reduction is obvious.
Claims (4)
1. A lodging-resistant cultivation method for enhancing wild fragrant high-quality series high-quality hybrid rice is characterized in that: comprises the following steps
(1) Coating seeds with a seed coating agent, and printing, positioning and sowing;
(2) adopting a root fertilizer layered semi-drought method to raise seedlings and cultivating seedlings with strong rooting power;
(3) transplanting seedlings with a high-speed transplanter at a proper depth;
(4) the balanced fertilization method is adopted for one-time fertilization, so that fertilization in the jointing stage is avoided; on the basis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilization, calcium, silicon and magnesium fertilizers are applied in a matched manner, and all the fertilizers are applied at one time before rice transplanting and are fully mixed with soil;
(5) spraying biochemical regulator and magnesium fertilizer in the jointing stage and the heading stage to shorten the length of the basal part extending into the internode;
(6) the intermittent irrigation method adopting dry-wet alternation comprises the following steps: adopting a water-saving irrigation method of live roots in 5-7 cm deep water, tillering in 2-4 cm shallow water, controlling ineffective tillering in a water-falling and field-drying mode for 10-15 days, and strengthening dry and wet seeds;
(7) comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and mainly radically treating rice sheath blight to protect the sheath and prevent the sheath from being damaged by the rice sheath blight;
(8) harvesting in good time, drying at a proper temperature and storing: drying the rice at the proper temperature of 45-50 ℃, and storing at the low temperature of 15-25).
2. The cultivation method for enhancing lodging resistance of wild high-quality series hybrid rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: and (3) seedling raising by the root fertilizer layering semi-drought method in the step (2), dissolving fertilizer nutrients in clean water, applying to agricultural rock wool with the thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm, covering a substrate after sowing, wherein the substrate does not contain fertilizer, and the root systems of the seedlings are distributed on a rock wool layer and a substrate layer covering seeds.
3. According toThe method for cultivating high-quality hybrid rice with enhanced wild fragrant series as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the balanced fertilization method in the step (4) is used for one-time fertilization, fertilizer is applied to a rice field at one time, and fertilizer nutrients are fully mixed with soil through farming means such as harrowing, weeding and the like; the method comprises the steps of applying 8-12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer counted by N and P of phosphate fertilizer counted by P to each mu of field at one time2O5K is counted and the potash fertilizer is counted2Calculated by O, the dosage is respectively 0.5 and 0.8 of the nitrogen fertilizer.
4. The cultivation method for enhancing lodging resistance of wild high-quality series hybrid rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: spraying a biochemical regulator and a magnesium fertilizer in the jointing stage and the heading stage in the step (5) to shorten the length of an extended internode, spraying a diluted magnesium compound agent on leaf surfaces in the jointing stage, and mixing the diluted magnesium compound agent, wherein the diluted magnesium compound agent is prepared by using 30-50 g of 5% prohexadione calcium and 15 g of 95% diluted uniconazole plus magnesium sulfate (MgSO) 5%) per mu47H2O) 280-400 g, spraying a blending magnesium compound agent on leaf surfaces at the initial heading stage, and adding 30-50 g of 5% prohexadione calcium and magnesium sulfate (MgSO)47H2O) 280-400 g, and 50-70 kg of fine mist is added into the mixture for spraying when the spraying agent is applied.
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