CN218634734U - Rice direct seeding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rice direct seeding machine, which comprises a seeding machine control valve, a motor, a material box, a connecting piece, a connecting rod, a partition, a crank, a series connection piece, a discharge port and a rotating rod; the connecting rod comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod; the material box is divided into 6 grids by partitions, a seeder control valve is arranged in each grid, two connecting pieces are arranged on the side surface of the material box, a crank is arranged on the section of the material box, a motor is arranged in the crank, the first connecting rod connects 3 seeder control valves to move simultaneously with the series connection piece, the second connecting rod connects the other 3 seeder control valves to move simultaneously with the series connection piece, and the rotating rod drives the series connection piece under the drive of the crank; the utility model discloses a can show the marginal effect that improves the direct seeding rice, improve the direct seeding efficiency of rice and increase direct seeding rice output.

Description

Rice direct seeding machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an agricultural field especially relates to a rice direct seeder.

Background

The rice is the most important grain crop in China, and the main sowing and planting modes of the rice in China mainly comprise hand transplanting, machine transplanting, direct sowing, seedling throwing and the like. With the labor transfer and agricultural cost increase in rural areas in China, rice planting modes such as hand transplanting, machine transplanting, seedling throwing and the like are limited. Compared with rice sowing and planting modes such as hand transplanting, machine transplanting, seedling throwing and the like, the direct sowing rice is high in efficiency and low in labor cost, is a future development direction of rice cultivation modes in China, but is low in yield compared with the current rice sowing modes in China, and the popularization and application of the direct sowing rice are influenced.

The marginal effect is an important theoretical support of the crop cultivation subject, and the growth performance of individual crops (single plants) can be more outstanding and more advantageous by fully playing the marginal effect. Through the contrast of machine-transplanted seedlings and hand-transplanted seedlings, people think that the advantages of groups and individuals of the coordinated rice are key factors for obtaining high yield of rice cultivation. There are many typical cases for applying the boundary effect in rice cultivation, such as rice wide and narrow row cultivation measures and rice intensive cultivation techniques. However, with the further development of production, the mechanized area is continuously expanded, and the advantages of mechanized rice planting in population quantity are obvious, and the advantages in individual quality are difficult to be exerted. The existing direct seeding theory of rice generally considers that the main advantages of direct seeding rice are the number of effective ears and the requirement on individual quality is not high, and a writer considers that the effective ears are an important factor for limiting the yield of the direct seeding rice. Therefore, the marginal effect of the direct-seeding rice can be fully exerted to coordinate the contradiction between the population and the individual so as to improve the rice yield. The population quality is inversely proportional to the population quality, the rice direct seeding population index is strong, the individual diathesis is weak, the marginal effect can obviously improve the diathesis of the direct seeding monomer, the clustered direct seeding can coordinate individual and population quality of direct seeding rice by using marginal effect, and the yield of the direct seeding rice is obviously improved.

Prior art 1

Technical scheme for artificial sowing of rice

1. And (4) variety selection. Selecting rice varieties suitable for local production and approval. The seed quality should comply with the regulation of GB 4404.1.

2. And (5) ploughing and preparing the field block. After the previous crops are harvested, the water machine is timely screwed on the crops to level the field blocks, and for the field blocks with overlarge height difference, and leveling the land by using a laser grader or a land leveler, so that the difference of Tian Miangao is within 3 cm. The width of the compartment surface of the compartment is 2-3 m, the depth of the ditch is 5-10 cm, and the compartment surface needs to be turned over precisely, so that the compartment is flat and muddy.

3. And (5) soaking seeds for disinfection. When soaking seeds, the seeds are put in a mesh bag, and hanging the river at a position 20cm below the water surface of clean and transparent flowing river water. The method of soaking seeds in the night dew in the day is adopted, namely seeds are soaked in the day, the seeds are fished out and spread at night, and the steps are repeated until 80 percent of the seeds are exposed to the white. Uncoated seeds require a chemical dip. Soaking seeds in clear water for 6 hours, then soaking the seeds in 2ml of 25 percent prochloraz (Shi Baike) and 5kg of water for 12 to 18 hours.

4. And (6) sowing. Manually broadcasting, weighing seeds in compartments, and uniformly sowing. After sowing, a set of ditch system is opened inside and outside the field, and the van ditch, the waist ditch and the surrounding ditch are communicated with each other, so that no water is accumulated on the surface of the van. The sowing quantity of each 667m < 2 > hybrid indica rice is 1.5 kg-2 kg of dry rice, the lower limit is taken early in the sowing period, and the upper limit is taken late in the sowing period.

5. And (6) fertilizing. The fertilizer application should comply with the NY/T496 regulations. Inorganic fertilizer is applied to each 667m < 2 > of the whole growth period: 8kg to 10kg of pure nitrogen (N), 4kg to 5kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O 5) and 8kg to 10kg of potassium oxide (K2O). The specific fertilizing amount is adjusted according to the soil fertility of the rice field, the target yield and the soil testing formula parameters, and is converted according to the contents of available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. Before soil preparation, 60-70% of total nitrogen, 100% of total phosphorus and 50-70% of total potassium are used as base fertilizer to be applied at one time. The additional application of tillering fertilizer is carried out when the leaves of the rice are 3.5-4.5 years old, the application amount is 30% -40% of the pure nitrogen amount in the whole growth period, the nitrogen amount used in the additional application is properly increased and decreased according to the growth vigor of rice seedlings, and the principle of Miao Wangshao additional application and weak and strong seedling additional application is followed. A water layer of 3-5 cm is established on the top dressing field surface to avoid topdressing with dew. 0-10% of total nitrogen and 30-50% of potassium are applied in the early stage of rice booting (inverted 3-leaf stage). A water layer of 3-5 cm is established on the top dressing field surface to avoid topdressing with dew.

6. And (5) managing water. Sowing till tillering stage (3 leaves and 1 heart), keeping the field surface in a wet state, and draining accumulated water in time. The effective tillering stage is kept in a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm, and the temperature is increased to promote tillering. When the number of seedlings in the whole field is 18-20 ten thousand per 667m & lt 2 & gt, the water is drained and the field is sunned, the lower limit is taken for fields with high fertility, and the upper limit is taken for fields with low fertility. The surface of the field is cracked when the field is sunned, the ground is white, and the normal water layer is recovered after the leaves are strong, colored and lightly sunned. In the initial stage of booting (the stage of falling 3 leaves), the leaf color is still dark green, and the field is sun-dried to achieve the expected effect, the shallow water is irrigated once by combining with spike dressing fertilizer, then the field is sun-dried continuously, the normal water layer is recovered until the leaf is light or the booting 5 stage (about 15 days after jointing), and the water layer of 4 cm-6 cm is kept before heading. In the early stage of booting (the stage of turning 3 leaves), the leaves are flat and light, the field is sunned to achieve the expected effect, and a water layer of 4-6 cm is kept from booting to heading. And (4) heading and flower raising for 5-7 cm of water layer, grouting until the water layer is ripe by wax, and carrying out intermittent irrigation. The water is drained at the early stage of the yellow ripening, the water is drained in the depression at an appropriate early stage, and the water is drained at an appropriate late stage when the water leaks.

7. Mainly used for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds. The pesticide application conforms to the GB 4285 pesticide safe use standard. The prevention and cure forecast of diseases, insects and weeds is well done, and effective prevention and cure measures are timely taken for the field which reaches or is predicted to reach the prevention and cure indexes and needs to be prevented and cured.

8. And (5) closed weeding. 30kg of water was sprayed in each 667m2 volume over the 3d period after sowing with 100ml of 30% pretilachlor emulsion (swelter). When the fertilizer is sprayed, the field surface is kept moist and no water can be accumulated.

9. Weeding after seedling. In the 3-4 leaf stage of rice, 40-80 ml of 2.5% penoxsulam (Daojie) emulsifiable solution and 50-60 ml of 10% cyhalofop-butyl (Qianjin) emulsifiable solution are added with 30-40 kg of water for weeding every 667m < 2 >. When the herbicide is applied, the soil surface water layer is ensured to be less than 1cm, 50 percent of weed plants are higher than the water surface, and 24 to 48 hours after the herbicide is applied, water is supplied for protecting the seedlings.

10. The main disease control. The rice diseases and insect pests should be mainly used for preventing and treating rice stem borers, rice sheath blight and false smut, and the prevention and treatment measures and the prevention and treatment time should follow the opinions of local plant protection departments.

11. Harvesting and threshing. When more than 98% of the grains of the rice ears reach the middle and later stage of wax ripening, 95% of the grains turn into golden yellow and the water content of the rice is 20-25%, the optimal harvest period is obtained. After threshing, the rice is dried in the sun or at low temperature in time, and the quality of the rice meets the requirements (GB 13505-1999).

Disadvantages of artificial rice sowing technique

1. The manual broadcasting is low in efficiency and high in cost. On one hand, with the transfer of rural labor in China, the labor cost of agricultural production is gradually increased, and the rice production cost is obviously increased by adopting manual broadcasting. On the other hand, 1334m2-2001m2 can be sown in each working hour of the manual rice sowing, 6670m2 can be sown in each hour by adopting a machine direct sowing technology, and the efficiency is 3-5 times of that of the manual rice sowing.

2. The artificial direct seeding rice is disorderly distributed in the field, and the field ventilation and light transmission effects are poor. After artificial sowing, the rice fields are in disordered distribution, so that the field ventilation and light transmission effects are poor in the later stage of rice growth, and diseases such as rice sheath blight and the like in the rice fields are easy to occur to influence the rice yield.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

For solving the problem that exists among the prior art, the utility model provides a direct rice seeding machine.

The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:

a rice direct seeding machine comprises a seeding machine control valve, a motor, a material box, a connecting piece, a connecting rod, a partition, a crank, a serial piece, a discharge hole and a rotating rod; the connecting rod comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod;

the material case is cut off and is divided into 6 check, places a seeder control valve in every check, and the side of material case sets up two connecting pieces, and the material case section sets up the crank, and articulate inside sets up the motor, and first connecting rod couples together 3 seeder control valves and the tandem member simultaneous movement, and the second connecting rod couples together 3 seeder control valves in addition and the tandem member simultaneous movement, and the dwang drives the tandem member under articulate drive.

Preferably, the control valve of the seeding machine comprises a control rod, a feeding hole, a material storage hole, a chassis and a control body;

one side of the control body is provided with a control rod, and the bottom end surface of the control body is provided with 6 feed inlets and 6 corresponding material storage ports.

Preferably, the connecting element is used for connecting a mechanism for walking movement, and the connecting element is connected with a tractor.

Preferably, the control rod is used for moving left and right under the action of the connecting rod;

preferably, the seeds drop into the storage port when the storage port is aligned with the feed port.

Preferably, the seeder control valve is used for controlling the feeding of the right-handed feed port facing the bottom plate hole and the discharging of the left-handed feed port facing the bottom plate hole, and the feeding and discharging slide blocks are connected together and control the feeding and discharging of seeds through left and right rotation.

The utility model has the advantages as follows:

1. the utility model discloses a direct seeding paddy field is regular to be arranged in cluster and can improve direct seeding paddy field ventilation printing opacity effect, reduces the emergence of plant diseases and insect pests.

2. The utility model discloses a regular rice plant that arranges in field, full play marginal effect improves single trunk, single clump rice and to the utilization efficiency of resources such as illumination, nutrient, improves and improves the single ear of grain stalk lodging resistance ability of direct seeding rice, single ear of grain number of reality, improves the individual diathermy quality of direct seeding rice, coordinates the contradiction between direct seeding rice colony and individuality, improves rice yield.

3. The utility model provides a machine adapted to direct seeding of rice, which effectively improves the seeding efficiency, and the seeding quality meets the requirement of cluster direct seeding of rice in the invention.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an oblique view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a control valve diagram of the seeder of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a distribution diagram of the clustered direct seeding field of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1-a seeder control valve, 2-a motor, 3-a material box, 4-a connecting piece, 5-a connecting rod, 6-a partition, 7-a crank, 8-a serial piece, 9-a discharge port and 10-a rotating rod.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all inventions contemplated by the present invention are protected.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a rice direct sowing machine comprises a control valve 1 of a sowing machine, a motor 2, a material box 3, a connecting piece 4, a connecting rod 5, a partition 6, a crank 7, a serial connection piece 8, a discharge hole 9 and a rotating rod 10; the connecting rod comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod;

the material case 3 by 6 check of wall 6 are placed, a seeder control valve 1 in every check, the side of material case 3 sets up two connecting piece 4, 3 sections of material case set up crank 7, and the inside of crank 7 sets up motor 2, and 5 first connecting rods 3 seeder control valve 1 couples together and moves with series connection 8 simultaneously, and the second connecting rod couples to another 3 seeder control valve 1 couples together and moves with series connection 8 simultaneously, and dwang 10 is in drive series connection 8 under the drive of crank 7.

The seeder control valve 1 of the present embodiment includes a control rod 11, a feed port 12, a stock port 13, a chassis 15, and a control body 14;

one side of the controlling body 14 of this embodiment is provided with a control rod 11, and the bottom end face of the controlling body 14 is provided with 6 feed inlets 12 and 6 corresponding material storage ports 13.

The connecting element 4 of this embodiment is used to connect the mechanism of the walking movement, the connecting piece 4 is connected with a tractor.

The control lever 11 of the present embodiment is used for left-right movement under the action of the connecting rod;

when the stock port 13 of this embodiment is aligned with the feed port 12, the seeds descend into the stock port.

The quantity dextrorotation feed inlet 12 that seeder control valve 1 of this embodiment is used for controlling the seeding is the feeding towards the bottom plate hole, and levogyration feed inlet 12 is the ejection of compact towards the bottom plate hole, and the feeding links together with ejection of compact slider, through controlling the business turn over of rotation control seed.

As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment,

1. and (4) variety selection. Selecting the hybrid rice variety suitable for local production and approval. The seed quality should meet the requirements of GB 4404.1.

2. And (5) field preparation and fertilization. And (3) applying base fertilizer in time after harvesting the previous crops, wherein the applied fertilizer meets the specification of NY/T496. Inorganic fertilizer is applied to each 667m < 2 > of the whole growth period: 8 kg-10 kg of pure nitrogen (N), 4 kg-5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O 5) and 8 kg-10 kg of potassium oxide (K2O). The specific fertilizing amount is adjusted according to the soil fertility of the rice field, the target yield and the soil testing formula parameters, and is converted according to the contents of available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. Before soil preparation, 60-70% of total nitrogen, 100% of total phosphorus and 50-70% of total potassium are used as base fertilizer to be applied at one time. And (3) rotating the water feeder to level the field blocks, and leveling the field blocks with overlarge height difference by using a laser grader or a land leveler to ensure that the difference of Tian Miangao is within 3 cm.

3. And (5) soaking seeds for disinfection. When soaking seeds, the seeds are placed in a mesh bag and hung 20cm below the water surface of clean and transparent flowing river water. The method of soaking seeds in the night dew in the day is adopted, namely seeds are soaked in the day, the seeds are fished out and spread at night, and the steps are repeated until 80 percent of the seeds are exposed to the white. Uncoated seeds require a chemical dip. Soaking seeds in clear water for 6 hours, then soaking seeds in 2ml of 25 percent prochloraz (Shi Baike) and 5kg of water for 12 to 18 hours.

4. And (6) sowing. After rice is disinfected and soaked, the surface moisture of the rice seeds is dried in the air, the rice is directly sowed into clusters by a rice direct sowing machine (figure 1), each cluster is a regular hexagon formed by 6 holes of rice, 2-3 rice seeds are sowed in each hole, and the side length is 6cm. The row spacing between clusters was 45cm, and the cluster spacing was 35cm. The field distribution is shown in figure 2. The sowing quantity of each 667m2 hybrid indica rice is 1.5 kg-2 kg dry rice, the lower limit is taken early in the sowing period, and the upper limit is taken late in the sowing period.

5. And (4) weeding. Within 3d after sowing, 30kg of water was sprayed with 100ml of 30% pretilachlor emulsion (swelter) every 667m 2. When the fertilizer is sprayed, the field surface is kept moist and no water can be accumulated. The pesticide application conforms to the GB 4285 pesticide safe use standard. In the 3-4 leaf stage of rice, 40-80 ml of 2.5% penoxsulam (Daojie) emulsifiable solution and 50-60 ml of 10% cyhalofop-butyl (Qianjin) emulsifiable solution are added with 30-40 kg of water for weeding every 667m < 2 >. When the herbicide is applied, the soil surface water layer is ensured to be less than 1cm, 50 percent of weed plants are higher than the water surface, and 24 to 48 hours after the herbicide is applied, water is supplied for protecting the seedlings.

6. And (4) topdressing. The additional application of tillering fertilizer is carried out when the leaves of the rice are 3.5-4.5 years old, the application amount is 30% -40% of the pure nitrogen amount in the whole growth period, the nitrogen amount used in the additional application is properly increased and decreased according to the growth vigor of rice seedlings, and the principle of Miao Wangshao additional application and weak and strong seedling additional application is followed. A water layer with the thickness of 3-5 cm is established on the top dressing field surface, so that the topdressing with dew is avoided. 0-10% of total nitrogen and 30-50% of potassium are applied in the early stage of rice booting (inverted 3-leaf stage). A water layer of 3-5 cm is established on the top dressing field surface to avoid topdressing with dew.

7. And (5) managing water. Sowing till tillering stage (3 leaves and 1 heart), keeping the field surface in a wet state, and draining accumulated water in time. The effective tillering stage is kept in a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm, and the temperature is increased to promote tillering. When the number of seedlings is 20-21 ten thousand per 667m & lt 2 & gt of the whole field, the lower limit of the field with high fertility is selected, and the upper limit of the field with low fertility is selected. The land is sunned till the surface of the land has cracks, the ground has white roots, and the normal water layer is recovered after the leaves are strong, colored and lightly sunned. In the initial stage of booting (the stage of falling 3 leaves), the leaf color is still dark green, and the field is sun-dried to achieve the expected effect, the shallow water is irrigated once by combining with spike dressing fertilizer, then the field is sun-dried continuously, the normal water layer is recovered until the leaf is light or the booting 5 stage (about 15 days after jointing), and the water layer of 4 cm-6 cm is kept before heading. In the early stage of booting (the stage of turning 3 leaves), the leaves are flat and light, the field is sunned to achieve the expected effect, and a water layer of 4-6 cm is kept from booting to heading. And (4) heading and flower raising for 5-7 cm of water layer, grouting until the water layer is ripe by wax, and carrying out intermittent irrigation. The water is drained at the early stage of the yellow ripening, the water is drained in the depression at an appropriate early stage, and the water is drained at an appropriate late stage when the water leaks.

8. The main disease control. The rice diseases and insect pests should be mainly used for preventing and treating rice stem borers, rice sheath blight and false smut, and the prevention and treatment measures and the prevention and treatment time should follow the opinions of local plant protection departments.

9. Harvesting and threshing. When more than 98% of the grains of the rice ears reach the middle and later stage of wax ripening, 95% of the grains turn into golden yellow and the water content of the rice is 20-25%, the optimal harvest period is obtained. After threshing, the rice is dried in the sun or at low temperature, and the quality of the rice is in accordance with the requirements (GB 13505-1999).

Claims (2)

1. A rice direct sowing machine is characterized by comprising a sowing machine control valve (1), a motor (2), a material box (3), a connecting piece (4), a connecting rod (5), a partition (6), a crank (7), a serial piece (8), a discharge hole (9) and a rotating rod (10); the connecting rod comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod;

the material box (3) is divided into 6 lattices by the partition (6), one seeder control valve (1) is arranged in each lattice, two connecting pieces (4) are arranged on the side surface of the material box (3), a crank (7) is arranged on the end surface of the material box (3), a motor (2) is arranged in the crank (7), the first connecting rod (5) connects 3 seeder control valves (1) to move simultaneously with the serial connection piece (8), the second connecting rod connects the other 3 seeder control valves (1) to move simultaneously with the serial connection piece (8), and the rotating rod (10) drives the serial connection piece (8) under the drive of the crank (7);

the seeder control valve (1) comprises a control rod (11), a feed inlet (12), a material storage port (13), a chassis (15) and a control body (14);

a control rod (11) is arranged on one side of the control body (14), and 6 feed ports (12) and 6 corresponding material storage ports (13) are arranged on the bottom end face of the control body (14);

the connecting piece (4) is used for connecting a walking movement mechanism, the connecting piece (4) is connected with a tractor;

the control rod (11) is used for moving left and right under the action of the connecting rod;

when the material storage port (13) is aligned with the material inlet (12), the seeds are fed into the material storage port.

2. The rice direct seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeding machine control valve (1) is used for controlling the seeding quantity, a right-handed feed port (12) is used for feeding materials opposite to a bottom plate hole, a left-handed feed port (12) is used for discharging materials opposite to the bottom plate hole, and the feeding and discharging slide blocks are connected together and control the seed feeding and discharging through left-right rotation.

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