CN101002530A - Method for culture summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high yield - Google Patents
Method for culture summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN101002530A CN101002530A CN 200710013123 CN200710013123A CN101002530A CN 101002530 A CN101002530 A CN 101002530A CN 200710013123 CN200710013123 CN 200710013123 CN 200710013123 A CN200710013123 A CN 200710013123A CN 101002530 A CN101002530 A CN 101002530A
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Abstract
A high-yield cultivating method by direct sowing and later harvesting for summer corn includes such steps as choosing the later-ripe, high-yield and compact corn variety, direct sowing from June 5 to June 15, in rational close planting mode, and harvesting from September 25 to October 1. Its yield can in creased by 15-20%.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method that improves corn yield, belong to the agronomy field.
(2) background technology
60～nineties of last century, China's wheat and corn output is in middle low yield level, and the mechanization level is low, and agricultural time-consuming is long, and the waterlogging of the many easily buds of rainwater is carried out cornfield interplanting and played positive role to promoting the corn per unit area yield to improve.In recent years, along with the improvement of working condition, the variation of production system, the mechanization level improves, and agricultural time-consuming shortens, and wheat and corn output increases substantially.Under the high-yield condition, interplanting corn density deficiency, young plant is irregular, and damage by disease and insect is serious, the field operating difficulties, the cornfield interplanting technology that forms on the middle product level is difficult to adapt to the more requirement of high yield.In addition, the Yellow River and Huai He River Hai Xiayumiqu especially Shandong Province's summer corn mostly is wheat cover corn, generally be to sow by the end of May, the seed of corn forms the weather conditions that the phase just in time meets with in 7 months, the few photograph of high temperature in the last ten-days period is unfavorable for corn growth, has a strong impact on the raising of corn yield.
The physiological ripening of corn kernel is masked as the black layer of endosperm and occurs, and milk-line disappears, and bract is withered.In actual production, because the idea of the light corn of the heavy wheat of peasant is heavier, factor such as mechanization degree is low in addition, custom is in the made from bracteal leaf of corn flavescence, and harvesting corn during the seed hardening is the wheat cultivation rotation of crops as early as possible, seriously restrict the heavy increase of corn kernel grain, reduced output.Along with the improvement of working condition, mechanization degree improves, and the agricultural consumption phase shortens; Along with the variation of ecological factor, postpone the suitable sowing time of wheat, by original 10 just postponing to the early and middle ten days in October by the end of September; In addition, the seed selection of wheat and corn new varieties is that the harvest in proper late of corn is laid a good foundation.
Therefore, in the high yield of Maize Production high yield stage more, carrying out the summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve cultivation is the effective measures that further improve corn yield.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose the summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high-yield cultivating method, with further raising corn yield by to the live theoretical basis research of receiving Super-high-yielding Cultivation evening of summer corn.
According to the problem that exists in traditional wheat cover Maize Production, Shandong Agricultural University researchs and proposes the theoretical foundation of summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high-yield cultivating method.(1) suitable ecotope is the basis of high yield the corn yield formation phase.Corn mid or late May sowing is overlapped in the Yellow River and Huai He River Haiti district especially Shandong Province wheat, and seed forms the phase just in time at the beginning of mid or late July or 8 months, at a time when the high temperature and rainy widow according to season, is unfavorable for seed formation and grows that easily early ageing death is difficult to high yield.Change live i.e. sowing at the beginning of 6 months of summer if wheat is overlapped corn, seed form the phase then just in time 8, September, happen the clear and crisp days of autumn season, be beneficial to that seed forms and grouting, obtain high yield easily.(2) population density and regularity are the keys of corn Super-high-yielding Cultivation.Live corn of summer and wheat cover corn is compared, have be not subjected to before a stubble wheat disturb, can plough whole soil, fertilizer spraying, but mechanical planting, seed level unanimity, advantage such as density is even, seeding quality is guaranteed easily guarantee population density and regularity.(3) complete ripeness results, it is heavy to increase grain, improves output.High-yield corn was pollinated back 30 days, and the endosperm tissue at seed top begins sclerosis, and partly to form a transverse interface layer with bottom milk be milk-line.Along with seed maturity, milk-line moves down, when milk-line disappears, and the grain maximum that weighs.When milk-line disappears than milk-line in 1/2 place of seed results, received every night 10 days, volume increase 9.64%, the high yield field increases income the 7.23kg seed average every day.
The core content of " the summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high-yield cultivating method " that proposes on the basis of theory research is: (1) the Yellow River and Huai He River Haiti district is Shandong Province's summer corn district especially, late-maturing high yield compact corn new varieties (100～105 days breeding times) in selecting for use, change mid or late May the cornfield interplanting corn be after the wheat harvest in 5～15 June the summer live; (2) rational group structure is set up in suitable dense planting, guarantees population density and regularity, and the compact corn kind is stayed seedling 67500～75000 strains/hm
2, compact large-spike cultivar stays seedling 52500～60000 strains/hm
2(3) complete ripeness results, promptly bract is withered, and the seed milk-line disappears, and when black layer occurs, generally gathers in the crops in 25～October 1 September.
2004～2006 years, summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high-yield cultivating method 25.13 ten thousand hm were promoted in get bumper crops scientific and technological engineering " two integrated research of ripe high yield high efficiency technical and the demonstrations of Shandong wheat and corn " project demonstration of national food
2, average per unit area yield 7872kg/hm
2, the volume increase 16.8% of comparing with wheat cover corn.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high-yield cultivating method schematic diagram
1 is seed selection among the figure; The 2nd, sowing; The 3rd, rational close planting; The 4th, fertilising; The 5th, field management; The 6th, results
(5) embodiment
With " summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high-yield cultivating method " is core technology, and supporting other ancillary techniques are realized corn with high yield.
1, kind is selected
Late-maturing high yield compact corn kind in selecting for use requires to spend the high value duration of back population photosynthesis long, anti-dense planting, strong stress resistance, a maturation of living, 100～105 days breeding times, 1200 ℃～1500 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature.
2, change wheat cover corn be after the wheat harvest summer live
Change mid or late May the cornfield interplanting corn be after the wheat harvest in 5～15 June the summer live, guarantee seeding quality.Can in time plough whole, stubble-cleaning after the wheat harvest, sufficient moisture in the soil mechanical planting; Perhaps adopt the no-tillage seeding machine sowing; It is live perhaps to rob batch summer, and stubble height is no more than 40cm.Employing waits line-spacing or the sowing of size row, waits line-spacing generally to should be 50cm～65cm; When row size, wide row space should be 80cm～90cm, and little line-spacing should be 30cm～40cm).Sowing depth is 3cm～5cm.
3, rational close planting
Fringe type corn variety stays seedling 67500～75000 strains/hm in the compactness
2, compact large-spike cultivar stays seedling 52500～60000 strains/hm
2Seeding quantity (strain/hrm
2)=(plan hm
2Strain number * 1.2 * thousand kernel weight)/(germination rate * emergence rate * 1000 * 1000), generally at 30～45kg/hm
2, should take the circumstances into consideration increase and decrease according to breediness.
4, balance fertilizing
Preceding stubble winter wheat uses sufficient fertilizer (40000kg/hm
2) under the above prerequisite, to use chemical fertilizer; Determine fertilizing amount according to output, nitrogen (N) 3kg, phosphorus (P are used by every production 100kg seed in general high-yield field
2O
5) 1kg, potassium (K
2O) 2kg calculates; Balance nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus nutrition, rational application of fertilizers; On fertilizer application, gently execute big mouthful of seed manure, heavy dressing fertile, mend and chase after colored granulated fertilizer.
Seed manure, the corn shooting stage with the whole phosphorus of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount 30%+, potassium, sulphur, zinc fertilizer, along seedling one side trench digging deep placement (15～20cm), with short root strong sprout; Ear manuer imposes 50% of nitrogen pool in the corn typhon mouth phase (leaf age index 55%～60%, the 11st～12 leaf launches), and deep placement is with short big panicle many grains per panicle; Flower granulated fertilizer imposes 20% of nitrogen pool in the kernel grouting phase, to improve leave photosynthetic ability, increase grain-weight.It is special-purpose fertile also can to select for use the slow control of sulfur-bearing corn to execute, seedling stage disposable applying.
5, precision management
(1) thinning in time, final singling seedling during 3 leaves, 5 leaf phase final singlings must not postpone, in case the seedling famine.
(2) removal of tiller is pulled out little weak strain to the fertilizer and water condition abundance, is prone to the kind of tillering, and should in time remove tillering, and is beneficial to trunk diameter growth.In time pull out little weak strain in the toy trumpet mouth phase, improve colony's regularity, guarantee robust plant, improve colony's ventilation and penetrating light condition.
(3) chemical regulation to the toy trumpet mouth phase, to the prosperous excessively corn of corn growing way, rationally sprays plant growth regulator (as robust element, paclobutrazol etc.) safely and efficiently at the corn jointing, to prevent the corn lodging.
(4) castrate and supplementary pollination is extracted out and when not blooming loose powder when tassel interlacing or every strain removal tassel, but the edge of a field, interior not the going of rand 4m.In the full-bloom stage artificial supplementary pollination.
(5) intertillage was loosened the soil in seedling stage and fringe phase, in time intertilled twice in conjunction with weeding and fertilising.
(6) the disease pest and weed integrated control after planting can directly spray 40% atrazine plus acetochlar, 3000～3750ml/hm during the good conditions for soil moisture
2, or 33% Pendimethalin (execute field mend) missible oil 1500ml add 72% all you missible oil 1125ml convert 750L water and carry out closed spraying; During the soil moisture content difference, spray 4% beautiful agricultural happy suspending agent (nicosulfuron) 1500ml/hm in corn seedling 3～5 leaves, 2～5 leaf phases of weeds
2Convert the 750L water spray, also can use steriland herbicide 20% paraquat (Gramoxone) aqua to convert water 750L directed spraying in 7～8 leaf phases of corn.Plant clothing agent dressing, the control seedling stage diseases and pests; In toy trumpet mouth phase (expansion of the 9th～10 leaf), mix in 0.25: 1.25 ratio with 1.5% phoxim granule and fine sand, be sprinkled into lobus cardiacus behind the mixing, every strain 1.5～2.0g, control of maize snout moth's larva.Their early stage is with 800～1000 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon wetting powder, or 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or with the spraying of 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl (thiophanate methyl) wetting powder, 7 days at interval, connect and spray twice, prevent and treat rust and northern and southern leaf blight.
6, harvest in proper late
Changing the past " bract flavescence, seed hardening can be gathered in the crops " is " withered, the black layer of bract occurs, gathers in the crops when the disappearance of seed milk-line is the seed physiological ripening ", generally gathers in the crops in 25～October 1 September.Simultaneously before October 10, sowed wheat, do not influence wheat and normally sow, wheat and corn two ripe annual good harvests.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that at the summer corn growing area, late-maturing high yield compact corn new varieties in selecting for use, 100～105 days breeding times, 1200～1500 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature, live 5～15 June after the wheat harvest, sowing depth 3～5cm uses chemical fertilizer by every 100kg seed N3kg, P
2O
51kg and K
2O2kg calculates, and the compact corn kind is stayed seedling 67500～75000 strain/hectares, and compact large-spike cultivar stays seedling 52500～60000 strain/hectares, and the results standard is that bract is withered, and the black layer of seed occurs, and milk-line disappears, and harvest time is in 25～October 1 September.
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| CN 200710013123 CN101002530A (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-01-11 | Method for culture summer maize by directly seeding and later harvesting to increase grain-weight to achieve high yield |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102763550A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-11-07 | 山东登海种业股份有限公司 | High-yield summer corn cultivation method |
| CN102805003A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-05 | 姜雯 | Method for planting summer corn to improve yield |
| CN104272958A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-14 | 霍艺元 | Corn planting method |
| CN105075567A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2015-11-25 | 林天国 | A germination accelerating and direct seeding method for corns |
| CN109220643A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-01-18 | 邰长伟 | A kind of direct sowing of rice drought hole seeding live broadcasting method |
| CN114586619A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Breeding method of high-quality wheat |
-
2007
- 2007-01-11 CN CN 200710013123 patent/CN101002530A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102763550A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-11-07 | 山东登海种业股份有限公司 | High-yield summer corn cultivation method |
| CN102805003A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-05 | 姜雯 | Method for planting summer corn to improve yield |
| CN105075567A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2015-11-25 | 林天国 | A germination accelerating and direct seeding method for corns |
| CN104272958A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-14 | 霍艺元 | Corn planting method |
| CN104272958B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-05-25 | 霍艺元 | A kind of corn planting method |
| CN109220643A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-01-18 | 邰长伟 | A kind of direct sowing of rice drought hole seeding live broadcasting method |
| CN114586619A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Breeding method of high-quality wheat |
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