CN109169062A - A kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi - Google Patents
A kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi Download PDFInfo
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- CN109169062A CN109169062A CN201811022936.9A CN201811022936A CN109169062A CN 109169062 A CN109169062 A CN 109169062A CN 201811022936 A CN201811022936 A CN 201811022936A CN 109169062 A CN109169062 A CN 109169062A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural crops planting technology fields, provide a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi.It selects suitable field to do seedbed, and selects the waterlogging coix lacryma-jobi kind of High quality and diseases resistance；Different methods is selected to carry out seed treatment；Seedbed dry rice seedling is carried out, and selects of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling；Crop field site preparation and water consumpation management；Using based on base manure, the principle supplemented by top dressing applies fertilizers scientifically；Plant height is rationally controlled using chemical control technique, prevents coix plant from lodging；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out using the principle based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention, chemical prevention carries out prevention and treatment up to standard according to prevention and treatment standard；Using artificial supplementary pollination, setting percentage is improved；Selection fine day harvests in due course.The myotonin that this method is produced is best in quality, yield is higher, and planting benefit is preferable, and management method is easily operated, has stronger popularization and application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to the technical fields of Job's tears, and in particular to a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi.
Background technique
Semen Coicis is called: semen coicis, the seed of jog's tears, maize, are the kernel of gramineae, cool in nature, sweet in flavor, light, are entered
Spleen, lung, kidney channel, have effects that Li Shui, invigorating the spleen, eliminating impediment, clearing away heat and eliminating pus, and Semen Coicis is born in the small plots of land by the side of houses, roads, ponds, etc. and mountain valley small stream of warm moist
Ditch, 2000 meters of height above sea level or less relatively universal.Since the nutritive value of Semen Coicis is very high, it is known as " king of world gramineae plant "；?
Europe, it is referred to as " standing grain of life and health "；In Japan, it is listed in anti-cancer food again recently, therefore is had a sudden rise in social status, Semen Coicis has
It is easy the characteristics of being digested absorption, no matter for nourishing or for medical treatment, effect all mitigates very much.
Due to the medical value of coix lacryma-jobi, huge market value is made it have, so that majority start selection plantation
Coix lacryma-jobi still since the technology of plantation coix lacryma-jobi is immature, leads to the coix lacryma-jobi planted out, yield is unstable, and pesticide residue is big, kind
Plant benefit it is low, and the myotonin quality being process can not reach it is optimum.
Summary of the invention
It is mentioned above in the background art to solve invention broadly provides a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi,
Existing coix lacryma-jobi implantation methods are not scientific, cause coix lacryma-jobi to plant low output, the myotonin quality being process can not reach optimal
The technical issues of matter.
The present invention solves the technical solution that above-mentioned technical problem uses are as follows:
A kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
S01: suitable field does seedbed, and selects the waterlogging coix lacryma-jobi kind of High quality and diseases resistance；
S02: using the step of basking seeds, choose seeds, sterilize and dressing seed, seed is handled；
S03: seedbed dry rice seedling is carried out, and selects of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling；
S04: crop field site preparation and water consumpation management；
S05: using based on base manure, the principle supplemented by top dressing applies fertilizers scientifically；
S06: plant height is rationally controlled using chemical control technique, prevents coix plant from lodging；
S07: it is anti-that disease pest and weed is carried out using the principle based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention
It controls；
S08: using artificial supplementary pollination, improves seed setting rate；
S09: selection fine day harvests in due course.
Preferably, seedbed select it is leeward on the sunny side, drain unobstructed, fertile soil, fine texture, deep loose ventilative husky earth
Soil does seedbed, and selects the waterlogging coix lacryma-jobi new varieties of high yield and high quality for being suitble to local plantation.
Preferably, in step S02, the processing step of seed is specific as follows:
1) bask seeds: selection fine day shines 3-5 days, utilizes solar ultraviolet disinfection and deinsectization；
2) choose seeds: selection by winnowing, the modes such as wet concentration being selected to remove immature seed, sky, empty grain and pest and disease damage grain, retain grain it is big,
Full seed is stand-by；
3) sterilize: a. is dressed seed using the seed coat agent containing Tebuconazole；B. hot water treatment of seeds: it is small that seed is first put into leaching 18 in clear water
When, it then moves on in the warm water for be dipped in 45-50 DEG C and preheats 5 minutes, then change in the lukewarm water for be dipped in 55-60 DEG C 10 minutes, then put
Enter in cold water and soak seed, until requirement until reaching germination；
4) fungicide seed treatment: it is total that seed is pressed with the carbendazol wettable powder of seed weight 0.5% or with 50% thiophanate methyl
The 0.4%-0.5% of amount dresses seed.
Preferably, of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling standard are as follows: shoot transplanting equipment population leaf area is appropriate；It is green that seedling endures leaf, grows whole
Homogeneous causes, no disease and pests harm；Rice shoot is short strong, and rooting ability is strong, well developed root system, Bai Genduo；Anti- plant injury power is strong, and seedling leaf color is light green, in
Miaoye color is green, and leaf is not very hung down loosely, and seedlings leaf color pale green, blade is firmly straight, strengthens seedling morphological index are as follows: leaf age 5-6 leaf, height of seedling 15-
20cm, for blade without obvious pest and disease damage, method of raising seedling concrete operations are as follows: seedbed generally wide 1m, furrow width 0.4m, 7-10 before sowing
It, every square metre of 4-6 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure of seedbed application, 0.2 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.02 kilogram of potassium chloride, 3% phoxim
0.02 kilogram of granule, by plough-apply fertilizer-program of hack carries out, and turns over hoe 3-4 time, depth 15-20cm, will apply fertilizer expect and
The surface soil of medicament and 15-20cm mix well；Bottom water is irrigated, after flattening bed surface, sows the heart of a lotus seed by the amount of every square metre of 25-30g
Job's tears seed will be seeded into compartment, and uniform broadcasting, then light suppression, makes three face of seed bury, cover the fine earth of 0.5-1cm thickness above,
" non-irrigated seedling is net " herbicides special prevention and treatment weed in seedbed is sprayed after sowing blinding, and film is then covered on seedbed, it then will with soil
Film compression compacting；Outer membrane erects the arch of high 25-30cm with bamboo pole, then covers film, and membrane pressure is tight compact by surrounding with soil；Out
Reinforce the water management of seedling stage temperature after seedling, after temperature is stablized at 15 DEG C, throws off the inner membrance of tiling, while to open outer membrane both ends
Ventilation, outer membrane will before transplanting half a month take off, transplanting is applied " send and transfer fertilizer " for preceding 10 days, when weed in seedbed can pass through top dressing in progress
Weeding 1-2 times.
Preferably, the crop field site preparation and water consumpation management proposed in S04 step, concrete operations mode are as follows:
1) decomposed farmyard manure 1500-2000kg per acre need to be applied by transplanting preceding crop field, and calcium superphosphate 25-30kg makees base manure, with dilatory
Machine carefully rakes plot rake, and 10-15 days before transplanting, surrounding does furrow, the wide 60-80cm of furrow, and the high 10-20cm of furrow opens one every 20m
Waist ditch, surrounding, which is opened, encloses ditch, ditch depth 40-50cm, furrow width 40-50cm, it is ensured that row irrigation is unobstructed；
2) 7d before transplanting, pours water into field, can direct rice transplanting after the depth of water 3-5cm, soaked 5-7d；
3) paddy field rice transplanting is carried out in the coix lacryma-jobi seedling of (when the height of seedling 15-20cm) that selects growing way neat and consistent on seedbed, every cave inserts 2 plants
Seedling, planting density are line-spacing 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 30-40cm；
4) before live seedling, booting and flowering pustulation period fill shallow water, and depth of water 3cm or so, remaining time is based on moisturizing；
5) start the dry field that discharges water when stem tiller number reaches the 80%-85% of suitable spike number, shine to mud and do not fall into foot and cracking, moisten water
Jointing is shone again, can control ineffective tillering, promotes bundle and strong stalk healthy tree under root system, notices that the heading flowering pustulation period will keep shallow
Water layer, subsequent alternation of wetting and drying, when filling when revealing, guarantee that 10d or so does not cut off the water supply before maturation；
6) dry field that discharges water is needed within 7-10 days before harvest.
Preferably, it when the aquatic cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi is applied fertilizer, adopts based on base manure, supplemented by top dressing, base manure should occupy fertilizer amount 70%-
80%, and top dressing should see that seedling applies fertilizer, total dosage control is not applied before coix lacryma-jobi harvest and is appointed within 20%-30% for 10-15 days
The top dressing of which kind of class, the principle of base manure mainly based on organic fertilizer, base manure needed for the aquatic cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi are with decomposed farmyard manure
Main, adapted biological organic fertilizer, top dressing should stress nitrogen fertilizer application early period, and ear period should stress to apply phosphorus potash fertilizer, can add blade face according to growing way
Fertilizer.
Preferably, in step S06, coix lacryma-jobi growth early period is watered 50kg with mepiquat chloride 12-20g and prepares solution,
It is even to be sprayed on blade face and stalk, it sprays 1 time, growth period second month, that is, jointing mid-term is watered with mepiquat chloride 5-10g per acre
60kg is sprayed.
Preferably, the various control methods in step S07 are specific as follows:
1) physical control: Lepidoptera, homoptera pest are trapped and killed using black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table physical unit, by every
The anti-30-50 mus of arrangement of small cup lamp control, lamp is mounted in the tree trunk or electric pole high from 1.5-2 meters of crop, during the 4-9 month, daily
At night 8 when turn on light, whens morning 6, turns off the light, if meeting strong wind, thunderstorm weather should turn off the light at night；
2) biological control: biological agent is utilized, before not producing any toxic side effects, ensuring that Environmental security, product are non-harmful
It puts, insect-killing trapping controls disease；
3) gyplure prevention and treatment mythimna separata and corn borer: in each generation adult occurance peak, mu is placed in 6-8 pieces of mythimna separata and corn borer lure
Coix lacryma-jobi field；
4) chemical control: selecting the banned pesticides that country's promulgation should be strictly forbidden to use when chemical agent medication, correct to grasp
Time and pesticide dosage are prevented and treated, prevention and treatment up to standard is carried out；
5) weed control: first is that reinforce artificial weeding, second is that after planting using Herbicidal agent such as Acetochlor to prevent and treat in coix lacryma-jobi
Annual or perennial weeds does not need in coix lacryma-jobi Feng Hanghou using any herbicide.
Preferably, using artificial supplementary pollination, seed setting rate is improved, coix lacryma-jobi belongs to cross-pollination, wind pollination is leaned on, into
After entering the florescence, artificial vibration plant is needed if calm or gentle breeze weather, pollen is flown upward and carrys out supple-mentary pollination, prepares 1 wooden stick,
Beat vibration base of the plant evenly or two people plant of cooperating to roll be allowed to pollination sufficiently, supple-mentary pollination should in 10-12 into
Row.
Preferably, coix lacryma-jobi should harvest in time according to Grain Ripening situation.The coix lacryma-jobi florescence is long, the small tassel seed of homophyletic different parts
It is mature inconsistent.When field plant blade in withered yellow, small ear base portion, middle part grain caryopsis it is hard, micro- yellow, glossy when and
Start to gather in when the 80-85% Grain Ripening of field, cut off after whole strain breaks into bundle, after stacking 3-5d, through after-ripening and drying in a few days
Afterwards, with threshing machine threshing, then shine 5d or so on dring yard, be put into be protected from light, room temperature, drying and the place storage for having moisture-proof facility,
Storage facilities should be cleaned, be dried, divulging information, without insect pest and the plague of rats.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
Implantation methods of the invention are reasonable, and suitable field is selected to do seedbed, and select the waterlogging coix lacryma-jobi kind of High quality and diseases resistance；It selects
Different methods carries out seed treatment；Seedbed dry rice seedling is carried out, and selects of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling；Crop field site preparation and field water
It is in charge of reason；Using based on base manure, the principle supplemented by top dressing applies fertilizers scientifically；Plant height is rationally controlled using chemical control technique, is prevented
Coix plant lodging；Pest and disease damage is carried out using the principle based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention
Prevention and treatment, chemical prevention carry out prevention and treatment up to standard according to prevention and treatment standard；Using artificial supplementary pollination, setting percentage is improved；Select fine day suitable
When harvest, the myotonin that this method is produced is best in quality, yield is higher, and planting benefit is preferable, and management method is easily operated,
With stronger popularization and application value.
Detailed explanation is carried out to the present invention below with reference to specific embodiment.
Specific embodiment
The existing various exemplary embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, the detailed description are not considered as to limit of the invention
System, and it is understood as the more detailed description to certain aspects of the invention, characteristic and embodiment.
Without departing substantially from the scope or spirit of the invention, the specific embodiment of description of the invention can be done more
Kind improvements and changes, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art, other realities obtained by specification of the invention
Apply mode for technical personnel and be apparent, present specification and embodiment are merely exemplary.
Specific cultivation is as follows:
S01: selecting suitable field to do seedbed, and seedbed selection is leeward on the sunny side, drain unobstructed, fertile soil, fine texture, deep
Loose ventilative sandy loam does seedbed, and selects the waterlogging coix lacryma-jobi new varieties of high yield and high quality for being suitble to local plantation；
S02: different methods is selected to carry out seed treatment；
1) bask seeds: selection fine day shines 3-5 days, utilizes solar ultraviolet disinfection and deinsectization；
2) choose seeds: selection by winnowing, the modes such as wet concentration being selected to remove immature seed, sky, empty grain and pest and disease damage grain, retain grain it is big,
Full seed is stand-by；
3) sterilize: a. is dressed seed using the seed coat agent containing Tebuconazole；B. hot water treatment of seeds: it is small that seed is first put into leaching 18 in clear water
When, it then moves on in the warm water for be dipped in 45-50 DEG C and preheats 5 minutes, then change in the lukewarm water for be dipped in 55-60 DEG C 10 minutes, then put
Enter in cold water and soak seed, until requirement until reaching germination；Fungicide seed treatment: with the carbendazol wettable powder of seed weight 0.5%
Or it is dressed seed with 50% thiophanate methyl by the 0.4%-0.5% of seed total amount；
S03: seedbed dry rice seedling is carried out, and selects of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling；
Of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling standard are as follows: shoot transplanting equipment population leaf area is appropriate；It is green that seedling endures leaf, grows neat and consistent, disease-free
Insect pest；Rice shoot is short strong, and rooting ability is strong, well developed root system, Bai Genduo；Anti- plant injury power is strong, and seedling leaf color is light green, and middle miaoye color is green, leaf
It does not very hang down loosely, seedlings leaf color pale green, blade is firmly straight, strengthens seedling morphological index are as follows: leaf age 5-6 leaf, height of seedling 15-20cm, blade is without bright
Aobvious pest and disease damage；
Method of raising seedling concrete operations are as follows: seedbed generally wide 1m, furrow width 0.4m, and 7-10 days before sowing, every square metre of seedbed is applied
4-6 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure, 0.2 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.02 kilogram of potassium chloride, 3% 0.02 kilogram of phoxim granule, by cultivated
Turn over-apply fertilizer-program of hack carries out, and turns over hoe 3-4 time, depth 15-20cm, it will apply fertilizer and expect and the surface soil of medicament and 15-20cm
It mixes well；Bottom water is irrigated, after flattening bed surface, coix seed is sowed by the amount of every square metre of 25-30g, to be seeded into compartment,
Even to broadcast sowing, then light suppression, makes three face of seed bury, covers the fine earth of 0.5-1cm thickness above;" non-irrigated seedling is sprayed after sowing blinding
Only herbicides special prevents and treats weed in seedbed ".Film is then covered on seedbed, is then compacted film compression with soil；Outer membrane is used
Bamboo pole erects the arch of high 25-30cm, then covers film, and membrane pressure is tight compact by surrounding with soil, reinforces seedling stage temperature water after emergence
It is in charge of reason, after temperature is stablized at 15 DEG C, throws off the inner membrance of tiling, while to open the ventilation of outer membrane both ends, outer membrane will transplanting
Preceding half a month takes off；Transplanting is applied " send and transfer fertilizer " for first 10 days, and weed in seedbed carries out tillage and weeding 1-2 times when can pass through top dressing；
S04: crop field site preparation and water consumpation management；Decomposed farmyard manure 1500-2000kg or essence per acre need to be applied by transplanting preceding crop field
Organic fertilizer processed (has machine matter≤45%, N+P205+ K20≤5%) 400-500kg or compound fertilizer (N-P-K 15-15-15) are every per acre
Mu 80-100kg, calcium superphosphate 25-30kg make base manure, plot rake are carefully raked with tractor, 10-15 days before transplanting, surrounding is done
Furrow, the wide 60-80cm of furrow, the high 10-20cm of furrow open a waist ditch every 20m, and surrounding, which is opened, encloses ditch, ditch depth 40-50cm, furrow width 40-
50cm, it is ensured that row irrigation is unobstructed；7d before transplanting, pours water into field, can direct rice transplanting after the depth of water 3-5cm, soaked 5-7d；In seedling
The coix lacryma-jobi seedling of (when the height of seedling 15-20cm) of growing way neat and consistent is selected to carry out paddy field rice transplanting on bed, 2 young plants are inserted in every cave, are planted close
Degree is line-spacing 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 30-40cm；Before live seedling, booting and flowering pustulation period fill shallow water, depth of water 3cm or so, remaining when
Between based on moisturizing；Start the dry field that discharges water when stem tiller number reaches the 80%-85% of suitable spike number, shines to mud and do not fall into foot and open
It splits, profit water shines jointing again, can control ineffective tillering, promotes bundle and strong stalk healthy tree under root system, pays attention to the flowering pustulation period of earing
Keep shoaling layer, subsequent alternation of wetting and drying, when filling when revealing, guarantee that 10d or so does not cut off the water supply before maturation；It needs within 7-10 days before harvest
Discharge water dry field；
S05: using based on base manure, the principle supplemented by top dressing applies fertilizers scientifically；
It when coix lacryma-jobi aquatic cultivation fertilising, uses based on base manure, supplemented by top dressing, base manure should occupy the 70%-80% of fertilizer amount, and top dressing
It should see that seedling applies fertilizer, the control of total dosage is no longer applied before coix lacryma-jobi harvest any kind of for 10-15 days within 20%-30%
Top dressing；The principle of base manure mainly based on organic fertilizer, base manure used in the aquatic cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi, based on decomposed farmyard manure, adapted is raw
Organic fertilizer is forbidden to use chemistry and bio-feritlizer without country, the registration of provincial agricultural sector；It is forbidden to use content of beary metal
Exceeded fertilizer and nitrate fertilizer；Top dressing should stress nitrogen fertilizer application early period, and ear period should stress to apply phosphorus potash fertilizer, can add leaf according to growing way
Leaven；
S06: plant height is rationally controlled using chemical control technique, prevents coix plant from lodging；
Rationally control plant height using chemical control technique, prevent coix plant from lodging, Coix long-stalked crops, need to progress control to reach
Thick root strengthens the purpose of strain, is watered 50kg with mepiquat chloride 12-20g and prepares solution growth early period, is uniformly sprayed on blade face and stalk
On, it sprays 1 time, growth period second month, that is, jointing mid-term is watered 60kg with mepiquat chloride 5-10g per acre and sprays；
S07: using cultural control, physical control, based on biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention；
Using rational tillage system, crop rotation, breeding is combined；It is ploughed deeply as far as possible when machinery is turned over before sowing, major part can be eliminated
Overwintering pest reduces worm sources radix；
1) physical control: Lepidoptera, homoptera pest are trapped and killed using black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table physical unit, by every
The anti-30-50 mus of arrangement of small cup lamp control, lamp is mounted in the tree trunk or electric pole high from 1.5-2 meters of crop, during the 4-9 month, daily
At night 8 when turn on light, whens morning 6, turns off the light, if meeting strong wind, thunderstorm weather should turn off the light at night；Biological control: utilizing biological agent,
Under the premise of not producing any toxic side effects, ensuring that Environmental security, product are non-harmful, insect-killing trapping controls disease；
2) gyplure prevention and treatment mythimna separata and corn borer: in each generation adult occurance peak, mu is placed in 6-8 pieces of mythimna separata and corn borer lure
Coix lacryma-jobi field；
3) chemical control: selecting the banned pesticides that country's promulgation should be strictly forbidden to use when chemical agent medication, correct to grasp
Time and pesticide dosage are prevented and treated, prevention and treatment up to standard is carried out；
When leaf roll occurs in coix lacryma-jobi seedling, Imidacloprid Contol ofCotton aphid can be used；Corn borer and hundred plants of mythimna separata field low instar larvae be 10 with
It can be prevented and treated with low-toxin farm chemicals such as emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, tebufenozide, Rynaxypyrs when upper, it is also possible to Su Yun gold gemma
300 times of liquid of bacillus (Bt) emulsion fill young leaves prevention and treatment；Any kind of chemical agriculture is forbidden to use in 10-15 days before coix lacryma-jobi harvest
Medicine；Smut early stage sprays 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 50% carbendazol wettable powder and carries out
It is anti-to spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 50% mancozeb wettable powder for prevention and treatment, leaf blight early stage
It controls；Weed control: first is that reinforce artificial weeding, second is that after planting using Herbicidal agent such as Acetochlor to prevent and treat 1 year in coix lacryma-jobi
Raw or perennial weeds, does not need in coix lacryma-jobi Feng Hanghou using any herbicide；
S08: using artificial supplementary pollination, improves seed setting rate；
Using artificial supplementary pollination, seed setting rate is improved, coix lacryma-jobi belongs to cross-pollinatd plant, wind pollination is leaned on, into the florescence
Afterwards, artificial vibration plant is needed if calm or gentle breeze weather, flies upward pollen and carrys out supple-mentary pollination, prepared 1 wooden stick, equably strike
It beats vibration base of the plant or two people plant of cooperating to roll is allowed to pollination sufficiently, supple-mentary pollination should be carried out in 10-12；
S09: selection fine day harvests in due course；
Coix lacryma-jobi should harvest in time according to Grain Ripening situation, and the coix lacryma-jobi florescence is long, and homophyletic different parts small ear Grain Ripening is inconsistent,
When field plant blade in withered yellow, small ear base portion, middle part grain caryopsis it is hard, micro- yellow, glossy when and field 80-85%
Start to gather in when Grain Ripening, cut off after whole strain breaks into bundle, after stacking 3-5d, through in a few days after-ripening and it is dry after, with thrashing
Then machine threshing shines 5d or so on dring yard, be put into be protected from light, room temperature, drying and the place storage for having moisture-proof facility, storage facilities are answered
Cleaning, is divulged information, without insect pest and the plague of rats at drying.
The foregoing is merely the schematical specific embodiments of the present invention, before not departing from conceptions and principles of the invention
It puts, the equivalent changes and modifications that any those skilled in the art is made should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
S01: suitable field does seedbed, and selects the waterlogging coix lacryma-jobi kind of High quality and diseases resistance；
S02: using the step of basking seeds, choose seeds, sterilize and dressing seed, seed is handled；
S03: seedbed dry rice seedling is carried out, and selects of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling；
S04: crop field site preparation and water consumpation management；
S05: using based on base manure, the principle supplemented by top dressing applies fertilizers scientifically；
S06: plant height is rationally controlled using chemical control technique, prevents coix plant from lodging；
S07: it is anti-that disease pest and weed is carried out using the principle based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention
It controls；
S08: using artificial supplementary pollination, improves seed setting rate；
S09: selection fine day harvests in due course.
2. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seedbed selection it is leeward on the sunny side,
It drains unobstructed, fertile soil, fine texture, deep loose ventilative sandy loam and does seedbed, and select the height for being suitble to local plantation
Produce high-quality waterlogging coix lacryma-jobi new varieties.
3. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S02, seed
Processing step is specific as follows:
1) bask seeds: selection fine day shines 3-5 days, utilizes solar ultraviolet disinfection and deinsectization；
2) choose seeds: selection by winnowing, the modes such as wet concentration being selected to remove immature seed, sky, empty grain and pest and disease damage grain, retain grain it is big,
Full seed is stand-by；
3) sterilize: a. is dressed seed using the seed coat agent containing Tebuconazole；B. hot water treatment of seeds: it is small that seed is first put into leaching 18 in clear water
When, it then moves on in the warm water for be dipped in 45-50 DEG C and preheats 5 minutes, then change in the lukewarm water for be dipped in 55-60 DEG C 10 minutes, then put
Enter in cold water and soak seed, until requirement until reaching germination；
4) fungicide seed treatment: it is total that seed is pressed with the carbendazol wettable powder of seed weight 0.5% or with 50% thiophanate methyl
The 0.4%-0.5% of amount dresses seed.
4. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling mark
It is quasi- are as follows: shoot transplanting equipment population leaf area is appropriate；It is green that seedling endures leaf, grows neat and consistent, no disease and pests harm；Rice shoot is short strong, and rooting ability is strong,
Well developed root system, Bai Genduo；Anti- plant injury power is strong, and seedling leaf color is light green, and middle miaoye color is green, and leaf is not very hung down loosely, seedlings leaf color pale green, leaf
Piece is firmly straight, strengthens seedling morphological index are as follows: leaf age 5-6 leaf, height of seedling 15-20cm, blade is without obvious pest and disease damage, method of raising seedling concrete operations
As follows: seedbed generally wide 1m, furrow width 0.4m, 7-10 days before sowing, every square metre of seedbed applies 4-6 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure, mistake
0.2 kilogram of calcium phosphate, 0.02 kilogram of potassium chloride, 3% 0.02 kilogram of phoxim granule, by plough-apply fertilizer-program of hack into
Row turns over hoe 3-4 times, depth 15-20cm, and the surface soil of apply fertilizer material and medicament and 15-20cm is mixed well；Bottom water is irrigated, is pressed
After level bed face, coix seed is sowed by the amount of every square metre of 25-30g, to be seeded into compartment, uniform broadcasting, then light suppression, makes
Three face of seed is buried, and covers the fine earth of 0.5-1cm thickness above, sprays " non-irrigated seedling is net " herbicides special prevention and treatment seedbed after sowing blinding
Weeds then cover film on seedbed, are then compacted film compression with soil；Outer membrane erects the arch of high 25-30cm with bamboo pole
Frame, then covers film, and membrane pressure is tight compact by surrounding with soil；Reinforce the water management of seedling stage temperature after emergence, when temperature is stablized 15
After DEG C, throw off the inner membrance of tiling, at the same to open outer membrane both ends ventilation, outer membrane will before transplanting half a month take off, transplant first 10 days
It applies " send and transfer fertilizer ", weed in seedbed carries out tillage and weeding 1-2 times when can pass through top dressing.
5. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that proposed in S04 step
Crop field site preparation and water consumpation management, concrete operations mode are as follows:
1) decomposed farmyard manure 1500-2000kg per acre need to be applied by transplanting preceding crop field, and calcium superphosphate 25-30kg makees base manure, with dilatory
Machine carefully rakes plot rake, and 10-15 days before transplanting, surrounding does furrow, the wide 60-80cm of furrow, and the high 10-20cm of furrow opens one every 20m
Waist ditch, surrounding, which is opened, encloses ditch, ditch depth 40-50cm, furrow width 40-50cm, it is ensured that row irrigation is unobstructed；
2) 7d before transplanting, pours water into field, can direct rice transplanting after the depth of water 3-5cm, soaked 5-7d；
3) paddy field rice transplanting is carried out in the coix lacryma-jobi seedling of (when the height of seedling 15-20cm) that selects growing way neat and consistent on seedbed, every cave inserts 2 plants
Seedling, planting density are line-spacing 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 30-40cm；
4) before live seedling, booting and flowering pustulation period fill shallow water, and depth of water 3cm or so, remaining time is based on moisturizing；
5) start the dry field that discharges water when stem tiller number reaches the 80%-85% of suitable spike number, shine to mud and do not fall into foot and cracking, moisten water
Jointing is shone again, can control ineffective tillering, promotes bundle and strong stalk healthy tree under root system, notices that the heading flowering pustulation period will keep shallow
Water layer, subsequent alternation of wetting and drying, when filling when revealing, guarantee that 10d or so does not cut off the water supply before maturation；
6) dry field that discharges water is needed within 7-10 days before harvest.
6. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aquatic cultivation fertilising of coix lacryma-jobi
When, it adopts based on base manure, supplemented by top dressing, base manure should occupy fertilizer amount 70%-80%, and top dressing should see that seedling applies fertilizer, and total dosage control exists
Within 20%-30%, and do not apply within 10-15 days any kind of top dressing before coix lacryma-jobi harvest, base manure mainly based on organic fertilizer, coix lacryma-jobi
Base manure needed for aquatic cultivation, based on decomposed farmyard manure, adapted biological organic fertilizer, top dressing should stress nitrogen fertilizer application, fringe early period
Phase should stress to apply phosphorus potash fertilizer, can add foliar fertilizer according to growing way.
7. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S06, coix lacryma-jobi is raw
Long early period is watered 50kg with mepiquat chloride 12-20g and prepares solution, is uniformly sprayed on blade face and stalk, sprays 1 time, growth
Phase second month, that is, jointing mid-term, is watered 60kg with mepiquat chloride 5-10g per acre and sprays.
8. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that various in step S07
Control method is specific as follows:
1) physical control: Lepidoptera, homoptera pest are trapped and killed using black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table physical unit, by every
The anti-30-50 mus of arrangement of small cup lamp control, lamp is mounted in the tree trunk or electric pole high from 1.5-2 meters of crop, during the 4-9 month, daily
At night 8 when turn on light, whens morning 6, turns off the light, if meeting strong wind, thunderstorm weather should turn off the light at night；
2) biological control: biological agent is utilized, before not producing any toxic side effects, ensuring that Environmental security, product are non-harmful
It puts, insect-killing trapping controls disease；
3) gyplure prevention and treatment mythimna separata and corn borer: in each generation adult occurance peak, mu is placed in 6-8 pieces of mythimna separata and corn borer lure
Coix lacryma-jobi field；
4) chemical control: selecting the banned pesticides that country's promulgation should be strictly forbidden to use when chemical agent medication, correct to grasp
Time and pesticide dosage are prevented and treated, prevention and treatment up to standard is carried out；
5) weed control: first is that reinforce artificial weeding, second is that after planting using Herbicidal agent such as Acetochlor to prevent and treat in coix lacryma-jobi
Annual or perennial weeds does not need in coix lacryma-jobi Feng Hanghou using any herbicide.
9. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that artificial supplementary pollination is used,
Seed setting rate is improved, coix lacryma-jobi belongs to alienation pollination, needs people if calm or gentle breeze weather into after the florescence by wind pollination
Work vibrates plant, flies upward pollen and carrys out supple-mentary pollination, prepare 1 wooden stick, equably beats vibration base of the plant or two people cooperate
Plant of rolling is allowed to pollination sufficiently, and supple-mentary pollination should be carried out in 10-12.
10. a kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi according to claim 1, which is characterized in that coix lacryma-jobi should according to seed at
Ripe situation harvests in time, and the coix lacryma-jobi florescence is long, and homophyletic different parts small ear Grain Ripening is inconsistent, when field plant blade is in withered and yellow
Color, small ear base portion, middle part grain caryopsis it is hard, micro- yellow, glossy when and start to gather in when the 80-85% Grain Ripening of field, cut
Under after whole strain breaks into bundle, after stacking 3-5d, through in a few days after-ripening and it is dry after, with threshing machine threshing, then shine 5d on dring yard
Left and right, be put into be protected from light, room temperature, drying and the place storage for having moisture-proof facility, storage facilities should clean, dry, divulging information, without insect pest
And the plague of rats.
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| CN109845600A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-07 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | A kind of standardization dry rice seedling method of high mountain coix lacryma-jobi |
| CN110199798A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-06 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | The alternation of wetting and drying cultural method of ripe coix lacryma-jobi in a kind of |
| CN110199877A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-06 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | A method of the stable homozygous coix lacryma-jobi resource of phenotype is obtained by microspores culture |
| CN111789002A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-20 | 紫云县以华苡仁米农民专业合作社 | High-yield planting method for coix seeds in dry land and paddy field |
| CN114503865A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-17 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Comprehensive ecological pest control method for disease and pest of coix |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109845600A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-07 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | A kind of standardization dry rice seedling method of high mountain coix lacryma-jobi |
| CN110199798A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-06 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | The alternation of wetting and drying cultural method of ripe coix lacryma-jobi in a kind of |
| CN110199877A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-06 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | A method of the stable homozygous coix lacryma-jobi resource of phenotype is obtained by microspores culture |
| CN111789002A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-20 | 紫云县以华苡仁米农民专业合作社 | High-yield planting method for coix seeds in dry land and paddy field |
| CN114503865A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-17 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Comprehensive ecological pest control method for disease and pest of coix |
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