CN111149640A

CN111149640A - Herbicide-free direct seeding cultivation method for rice

Info

Publication number: CN111149640A
Application number: CN201911406844.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈良碧; 彭归艳; 陈依; 戴小军
Original assignee: Hunan Normal University
Current assignee: Hunan Normal University
Priority date: 2019-12-31
Filing date: 2019-12-31
Publication date: 2020-05-15
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-31
Also published as: CN111149640B

Abstract

The invention discloses a herbicide-free direct seeding cultivation method for rice, which comprises the following steps: selecting a flooding-resistant and hypoxia-resistant rice variety in a germination period for seed soaking and germination acceleration; controlling the submerging depth of the rice field to be 2cm +/-1 cm, harrowing the rice field after applying base fertilizer to fully suspend soil particles, directly seeding the rice seeds with broken breast immediately after harrowing, covering the settled rice seeds with the post-settled suspended soil particles after settling, not draining water after sowing, and controlling the water depth of the highest soil position of the field surface to be more than 1cm after clarifying mud; after the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, controlling the water depth at the highest place of the soil on the field surface to be more than 2cm, and keeping the field surface flooded; after the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and 1 heart, managing according to the conventional fertilizer and water, and using no herbicide in the whole cultivation process. The invention not only reduces the production cost of planting paddy, but also is beneficial to agricultural ecological environment construction without applying herbicide, meets the requirement of agricultural economic sustainable development and is beneficial to improving the quality of life and the health level of people.

Description

Herbicide-free direct seeding cultivation method for rice

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of rice cultivation, and particularly relates to a herbicide-free direct-seeding rice cultivation method.

Background

With the scientific and technical progress and the improvement of the living standard of people, the labor cost of agricultural production is rapidly increased, the simplification of the agricultural technology becomes the urgent need of agricultural production, and the spontaneous direct seeding of rice by farmers is produced at the same time. In traditional rice production, the seedling raising and transplanting cost of each mu of rice field is more than 200 yuan, the seedling raising and transplanting cost is saved in direct seeding of rice, more importantly, the requirement of rice production on labor force is reduced, and the agricultural labor force is promoted to be transferred to other industries.

However, the direct seeding of rice is not supported by government management departments all the time, and the main reasons are three aspects, namely, the water in the rice field needs to be drained before direct seeding, and the water drained after base fertilizer application causes great pollution to river water; the direct seeding seeds germinate and emerge on the dry-water field surface, and the weed seeds also germinate at the same time, so the use amount of the herbicide is larger and larger, the excessive application of the herbicide is not only beneficial to the improvement of the sanitary quality of agricultural products and the construction of farmland environment, but also induces the drug resistance of weeds to be stronger and stronger; thirdly, seeds of the current rice variety are not flooded, no seedling exists in any area without draining water, and the direct seeding yield of the rice is very unstable due to serious seedling shortage. Therefore, the research of the environment-friendly and stable-yield rice direct seeding technology is an urgent need for simplifying and efficiently producing rice. The invention provides a direct seeding cultivation method of paddy rice without herbicide, which is researched and invented according to the defects of the direct seeding technology of paddy rice in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background art and provide a direct seeding cultivation method of paddy rice without herbicide.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a direct seeding cultivation method of paddy rice without herbicide comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a flooding-resistant and hypoxia-resistant rice variety in a germination period as a rice cultivation object, and soaking and sprouting rice seeds of the rice variety until the breast is broken; dry grains and longer sprouted grains are easy to float on the water surface, wet grains with sufficient water absorption are easy to fall into slurry, the seeds with broken chest do not influence the sedimentation of the seeds in the slurry, but the broken chest indicates that the embryo of the seeds starts to sprout, so that the seeds can germinate quickly;

(2) controlling the submerging depth of the rice field to be 2cm +/-1 cm, harrowing the rice field after applying base fertilizer to fully suspend soil particles, directly seeding the rice seeds with broken breast immediately after harrowing, covering the settled rice seeds with the post-settled suspended soil particles after settling, not draining water after sowing, and controlling the water depth of the highest soil position of the field surface to be more than 1cm after clarifying mud;

(3) after the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, controlling the water depth at the highest soil position of the field surface to be more than 2cm (the deeper the flooding is, the more difficult the grass growing is), and keeping the field surface flooded;

(4) after the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and 1 heart, managing according to the conventional fertilizer and water, and using no herbicide in the whole cultivation process.

Directly sowing the flood-resistant and hypoxia-resistant rice varieties immediately after the seeds break the breast and harrowing the rice fields, covering the seeds by using suspended soil particles for sedimentation, and normally emerging the rice seeds under the flooding and hypoxia conditions, wherein the weed seeds can not germinate, so that the aims of light and simple cultivation of the rice and no application of the herbicide are fulfilled.

In the direct seeding cultivation method for rice, preferably, the rice variety with flooding resistance and hypoxia resistance in the germination period is any one or more of KT27S, T91S, Huanghuazhan and the like.

Preferably, the length of the embryo and the radicle is zero when the breast is broken, and the breast breaking rate is 75-85%.

Preferably, the number of raking the field is increased 1-2 times than conventional.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the technical obstacles of uneven emergence of seedlings caused by flooding-resistant seeds, excessive herbicide application and the like caused by direct sowing of drained water in the prior direct sowing technology, the flooding-resistant and hypoxia-resistant rice seeds are cultivated, a flooding direct sowing method is researched, the links of rice seedling raising and transplanting are omitted, the cost is reduced, the requirement on labor force is reduced, and the lodging-resistant capability of the rice in the mature period is improved; the direct seeding without water drainage not only saves fertilizer and water resources, but also more importantly avoids the pollution of river and lake caused by the discharge of field water with high fertilizer content after harrowing; in addition, the technology of flooding and grass prevention not only reduces the production cost of planting paddy, but also does not apply herbicide, is beneficial to agricultural ecological environment construction, meets the requirement of agricultural economy sustainable development, and is beneficial to improving the quality of life and the health level of people. The environment-friendly and stable-yield rice direct seeding technology can eliminate the traditional rice cultivation mode, improve the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of rice planting, and has important significance for implementing the strategic national policy of food safety in China.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the field condition of direct seeding of rice without herbicide in the example of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.

The experimental methods in the following examples, which are not specified under specific conditions, are generally performed under conventional conditions.

Example (b):

the invention relates to a herbicide-free rice direct seeding cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a rice variety with flooding resistance and hypoxia resistance in a germination period, wherein the rice variety selected in the embodiment comprises any one or more of KT27S, T91S and Huanghuazhan;

(2) soaking the rice seeds for accelerating germination until the breast is just broken (the breast breaking rate is about 80%), wherein the length of the embryo and the radicle is zero;

(3) measuring the flooding depth of the rice field to be 2cm +/-1 cm, harrowing the rice field after applying base fertilizer according to the conventional method, increasing the harrowing frequency for 1 time compared with the conventional method, fully suspending soil particles, directly sowing the chest-broken rice seeds immediately after harrowing, wherein the chest-broken rice seeds and weed seeds are firstly settled in the suspended soil particles, and the slowly settled soil particles cover the rice seeds and weed seeds, so that the seeds are under the conditions of no visible light and low oxygen, and the light-required weed seeds cannot germinate (the weed seeds in the rice field are mostly light-required seeds, namely do not germinate under the dark condition), and the direct rice seed sowing mode is more favorable for improving the lodging resistance of the rice in the mature period than the dry direct rice seeding on the field surface;

(4) after sowing, water is not drained, loss of rich water and slurry is avoided, the water depth at the highest soil position on the field surface after the slurry is clarified is more than 1cm, after the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 core, the water depth at the highest soil position on the field surface is more than 2cm, the field surface is kept flooded, and weed seeds can not germinate under the low-oxygen condition;

(5) after the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and 1 heart, the conventional fertilizer and water management is carried out except that the herbicide is not used.

The invention breeds flooding-resistant varieties such as KT27S, T91S and Huanghuazhan varieties from 5328 rice resource varieties, and the seedling rate is more than 60 percent under the flooding direct seeding condition (Table 1). The production demonstration shows that the field has no weed harm under the flooding direct seeding condition (figure 1), and the seedling rate difference of different varieties is obvious.

Table 1: comparison of seedling rate of different rice plants under flooding direct seeding conditions (%)

Aiming at the technical obstacles of uneven emergence of seedlings caused by flooding-resistant seeds, excessive herbicide application and the like caused by direct sowing of drained water in the prior direct sowing technology, the flooding-resistant and hypoxia-resistant rice seeds are cultivated, a flooding direct sowing method is researched, the links of rice seedling raising and transplanting are omitted, the cost is reduced, the requirement on labor force is reduced, and the lodging-resistant capability of the rice in the mature period is improved; the direct seeding without water drainage not only saves fertilizer and water resources, but also more importantly avoids the pollution of river and lake caused by the discharge of field water with high fertilizer content after harrowing; in addition, the technology of flooding and grass prevention not only reduces the production cost of planting paddy, but also does not apply herbicide, is beneficial to agricultural ecological environment construction, meets the requirement of agricultural economy sustainable development, and is beneficial to improving the quality of life and the health level of people. The environment-friendly and stable-yield rice direct seeding technology can eliminate the traditional rice cultivation mode, improve the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of rice planting, and has important significance for implementing the strategic national policy of food safety in China.

Claims

1. A herbicide-free direct seeding cultivation method for rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting a flooding-resistant and hypoxia-resistant rice variety in a germination period as a rice cultivation object, and soaking and sprouting rice seeds of the rice variety until the breast is broken;

(3) after the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, controlling the water depth at the highest place of the soil on the field surface to be more than 2cm, and keeping the field surface flooded;

2. The direct seeding cultivation method for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice variety with germination period, flooding resistance and hypoxia resistance is any one or more of KT27S, T91S and Huanghuazhan.

3. The rice direct seeding cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the embryo bud and radicle is zero when the breast is just broken, and the breast breaking rate is 75-85%.

4. The method for cultivating paddy rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number of times of harrowing is increased by 1 to 2 times compared with conventional methods.