CN110463524B - Seedling raising method for copperleaf flowers - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for copperleaf flowers Download PDFInfo
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- CN110463524B CN110463524B CN201910853955.4A CN201910853955A CN110463524B CN 110463524 B CN110463524 B CN 110463524B CN 201910853955 A CN201910853955 A CN 201910853955A CN 110463524 B CN110463524 B CN 110463524B
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- 241001060350 Acalypha Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000694589 Gesneria viridiflora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000723198 Cupressus Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001073507 Callicarpa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000131458 Elsholtzia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001549572 Elsholtzia splendens Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000308746 Cucumis metuliferus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013554 Cucumis metuliferus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000301850 Cupressus sempervirens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000311345 Elsholtzia haichowensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207923 Lamiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of garden biology, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for copperleaf flowers. According to the method, the seeds are harvested by adopting the copper plant flower spikes close to maturity, so that the seed loss caused by ejection when the seed spikes are mature can be avoided, and the problem that the copper plant flower seeds are difficult to collect is solved; the method adopts indoor artificial environment treatment to promote the after-ripening of the copper grass flowers and the seeds, so that the maturity of the seeds is ensured; meanwhile, the self-made germinator is adopted to induce the copperleaf flower seeds to germinate, so that the problem of low seed germination rate under natural conditions is solved; by adopting the method, the average seedling rate of the copperleaf flowers is 99.87 percent, and the effect is obvious; no matter the post-ripening treatment of the copper grass flower, the seed germination induction and the seedling cultivation are carried out, no special facilities are needed, and the used medicines are all conventional reagents, are low in price, easy to obtain and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garden biology, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for copperleaf flowers.
Background
The copperleaf herb flower is a copper-resistant genotype of Elsholtzia splendens Nakai (Elsholtzia splendens Nakai) belonging to the family Labiatae and the genus Elsholtzia, is mainly distributed in a copper ore mining area and a smelting place, has strong copper super-enrichment capacity, is considered as a preferred material for plant remediation of copper-polluted soil, and has a very wide application prospect in the engineering remediation practice of the copper-polluted soil.
In recent years, with the wide application of the copperleaf flowers in the copper-polluted soil remediation engineering, the demand of copperleaf flower seedlings is also on the rise, but the large-scale propagation of the copperleaf flower seedlings has a technical bottleneck. Under natural conditions, the survival rate of the wild copperleaf herb seeds is low due to the influence of adversity factors such as rainwater, low temperature in winter and the like, and large-area population is difficult to form. At present, there are reports of realizing regeneration and seedling culture of cupressus flower in vitro by tissue culture (kangwang et al, 2016, research on regeneration technology of elsholtzia haichowensis in vitro, chemical and biological engineering, 6:56-58,62), but the method is only limited to the laboratory condition, and has some technical problems in the on-line large-scale propagation of cupressus flower seedlings. The seed sowing is adopted to breed the copper grass flower seedlings, the breeding effect is poor, and the main 2 restriction factors exist: firstly, the artificial seed collection time of the copperleaf flowers is difficult to control, the seeds are not mature in the early collection period, the germination rate is influenced, the seeds are ejected to the ground in the late collection period, the copperleaf flowers are extremely fine, the seeds scattered to the ground cannot be picked up at all, and a large amount of seeds are difficult to harvest; secondly, the unique biological and ecological characteristics of the copperleaf herb flower ensure that the seed germination and the seedling cultivation of the copperleaf herb flower need special environmental conditions. Therefore, there is a need to improve the harvest rate, germination rate and seedling reproduction rate of the copperleaf flowers by technical treatment so as to meet the seedling demand of the copperleaf flowers for large-scale restoration of copper-polluted soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a seedling raising method for copperleaf flowers.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a seedling raising method of copperleaf flowers comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a robust copper plant without pest damage as a seed collecting stock plant;
(2) respectively taking the nearly mature copperleaf flower seed spikes or the mature copperleaf flower seed spikes from the stock plant, wherein the nearly mature copperleaf flower seed spikes need to be placed in an indoor artificial environment for after-ripening treatment;
(3) respectively rubbing the copper grass flower seed ears which are close to maturity and are subjected to after-ripening treatment or the matured copper grass flower seed ears repeatedly until the seeds completely fall off, and collecting the seeds for later use;
(4) spreading the seeds in a culture dish with clean double-layer filter paper, uniformly distributing the seeds as much as possible, spraying a wine germination accelerating agent into the culture dish to fully wet the filter paper, continuously culturing for 3-5 days at 25 +/-2 ℃ in a dark room, spraying the germination accelerating agent once a day according to the wetting condition of the filter paper during the period, keeping the filter paper wet, and sowing after the seeds germinate;
(5) preparing a seedling substrate, filling the seedling substrate into a seedling bag, and lightly compacting by hands to ensure that the substrate is slightly lower than the bag opening;
(6) sowing in 3 middle ten days of each year, putting 2-3 coppergrass flower buds in each seedling bag, then thinly scattering a layer of fine sandy soil on the seedling bags to cover seeds, enhancing water management after sowing, keeping the surface soil of the seedling bags moist, then spraying a seedling promoting agent once 20-25 days after sowing, and taking out the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 20-25 cm in height.
In the above scheme, the treatment conditions of the after-ripening treatment are as follows: the temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is 40-50%, the illumination time is 9-10 hours/day and night, the illumination intensity is 2500-3000 lux, and the continuous after-ripening treatment is carried out for 20-25 days.
In the scheme, the germination accelerating agent is prepared by mixing IAA (inddo acetic acid), copper sulfate and purified water, and the germination accelerating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05-0.055 part of indoacetic acid, 0.50-0.55 part of copper sulfate and 99.45-99.395 parts of purified water. The preparation method of the germination accelerating agent comprises the following steps: taking 1L of the germination accelerating agent as an example, 0.5mg of IAA is fully dissolved by a small amount of 95% alcohol, 600ml of purified water is added for dilution, 5.0mg of copper sulfate is added, the mixture is fully dissolved and stirred, and the purified water is added to reach the constant volume of 1L.
In the scheme, the seedling culture substrate is prepared from vegetable garden soil, peat, decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and copper sulfate, and the components are as follows by weight: 3.9945-4.995 parts of vegetable garden soil, 2.5-3.0 parts of peat, 2.5-3.0 parts of decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and 0.005-0.0055 part of copper sulfate. The preparation method of the seedling culture substrate comprises the following steps: taking 1kg of seedling raising substrate as an example, 499.5g of vegetable garden soil, 250g of peat, 250g of decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and 0.5g of copper sulfate are taken, and after the materials are fully and uniformly mixed, water is added for uniformly stirring to keep the water content of the substrate at 65-70%.
In the scheme, the seedling promoter is prepared by mixing urea, monopotassium phosphate, copper sulfate and water, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-0.6 part of urea, 0.5-0.6 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-0.6 part of copper sulfate and 98.5-98.2 parts of water; the preparation method of the seedling promoter comprises the following steps: taking 1000ml of seedling promoter as an example, taking 5.0mg of urea, 5.0mg of monopotassium phosphate and 5.0mg of copper sulfate, adding 600ml of water for dilution, fully dissolving and stirring, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000 ml.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the seed harvest rate is high: according to the invention, the seeds can be harvested by selecting the copper grass flower seeds close to maturity, so that the seed loss caused by ejection when the seeds are mature can be avoided, and the problem of difficult collection of the copper grass flower seeds is solved;
(2) the seed germination rate is high: the method adopts indoor artificial environment treatment to promote the after-ripening of the copper grass flowers and the seeds, so that the maturity of the seeds is ensured; meanwhile, the self-made germinator is adopted to induce the copperleaf flower seeds to germinate, so that the problem of low seed germination rate under natural conditions is solved;
(3) the seedling rate is high: by adopting the technology of the invention, the average seedling rate of the cuprum flowers is 99.87 percent, while the average seedling rate of the cuprum flowers which are not treated by adopting the technology is only 54.83 percent, and the effect is obvious;
(4) the operation is simple: the whole operation process of the invention only needs simple training, and a practitioner can master the operation requirement, thus the invention is suitable for large-scale production of professional cooperative society and is also suitable for scattered planting of farmers;
(5) the seedling raising cost is low: no matter the post-ripening treatment of the copper grass flower, the seed germination induction and the seedling cultivation are carried out, no special facilities are needed, and the used medicines are all conventional reagents, are low in price, easy to obtain and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the seeds of Elsholtzia cupana.
FIG. 2 shows the flower bud of Cucumis metuliferus.
FIG. 3 shows bagged copper grass flower seedlings.
FIG. 4 shows the batch cultured seedlings of copperleaf flowers.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples 1 to 3
In 2016 to 2018, every year in the last 10 th and the last 11 th of a month, selecting a sunny day, respectively collecting nearly mature seed spikes and mature seed spikes (CK) of coppergrass flowers in copper-recorded-mountain copper mine areas of Dayu city of Hubei province, randomly sampling, respectively collecting 100 plants, cutting off the seed spikes, counting, respectively spreading on bamboo dustpans, and carrying out after-ripening treatment on the nearly mature seed spikes under the environmental conditions provided by the invention: the temperature is 23 deg.C, humidity is 40%, illumination time is 9 hr/day and night, illumination intensity is 2500lux, and after-ripening treatment is continued for 20 days. After the after-ripening treatment is finished, respectively rubbing the poor seed ears, and respectively counting and comparing the quantity of the copperleaf flower seeds obtained by the seed ears close to the mature seed ears and the mature seed ears by adopting the after-ripening treatment of the invention. The results show that 85.33 seeds are obtained by post-ripening immature spike flat seeds and 42 seeds are obtained by mature spike (CK) spike flat seeds (the results are shown in Table 1), and the difference between the seeds is obvious.
TABLE 1 comparison of the ratio of the earnings of the panicles close to maturity and the seeds of the panicles already matured by the after-ripening treatment of the present invention for 3 consecutive years
Note: collecting 100 strains of immature seed ears and mature seed ears of the copperleaf flowers every year.
In the winter from 2016 to 2018, by adopting the technical measures provided by the invention, indoor artificial germination tests are respectively carried out on the seeds collected in the embodiments 1-3, 200 seeds are taken for each treatment, and the three times of the experiments are repeated. The artificial germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of spreading seeds in a culture dish with built-in clean double-layer filter paper, enabling the seeds to be distributed uniformly as much as possible, spraying a wine germination accelerating agent into the culture dish, enabling the filter paper to be fully wet, then placing the filter paper in a dark room for continuous culture at 25 ℃ for 3-5 days, spraying the germination accelerating agent once a day according to the wetting condition of the filter paper during the period until the seeds germinate, wherein the germination accelerating agent is formed by mixing IAA (inddo acetic acid), copper sulfate and purified water, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing 1000ml of germinator, dissolving 0.5mg of IAA with a small amount of 95% alcohol, adding 600ml of purified water for dilution, then adding 5.0mg of copper sulfate, dissolving and stirring completely, and adding purified water to a constant volume of 1L.
Seeds collected from nearly mature spikes of cupressure flowers without after-ripening were used as Controls (CK). Germination rates were calculated separately and the differences between each treatment and the control were compared. The results show that the average germination rates of the cupressus flowers treated by the germination accelerating method, which are close to the average germination rates of the seeds collected by the mature ears and the average germination rates of the seeds collected by the mature ears are 97.83 percent and 97.78 percent respectively, and the two germination rates are not obviously different; the germination rate of seeds collected from the ears of cupressus sempervirens which were not treated by the germination accelerating method of the present invention and were close to maturity was 54.22% (see table 2 for results).
TABLE 2 comparison of germination rates of seeds collected from nearly mature ears of cuprum flowers treated by germination acceleration according to the present invention and seeds collected from mature ears of cuprum flowers for 3 consecutive years
Note: three replicates of 200 seeds were used.
2016-2019, the method is adopted to breed the seedlings of the copperleaf flowers, 1000 bags are cultivated every year, and 3000 bags are calculated in total. The specific operation is as follows: 1) preparing a seedling culture medium, namely preparing the seedling culture medium by using garden soil, peat, decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and copper sulfate, taking 1kg of seedling culture medium as an example, taking 499.5g of garden soil, 250g of peat, 250g of decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and 0.5g of copper sulfate, fully mixing uniformly, adding water, and uniformly stirring to keep the water content of the medium at 65%. 2) Seedling raising is carried out by using a seedling raising bag, the specification of the seedling raising bag is 15 multiplied by 13cm, a seedling raising substrate is filled into the seedling raising bag, and the seedling raising substrate is lightly compacted by hands, so that the substrate is slightly lower than a bag opening (about 0.5cm lower than the bag opening); 3) sowing: sowing in a dibble seeding mode every 3 middle ten days of the year, putting 2-3 coppergrass flower seedlings into each seedling bag, then thinly scattering a layer of fine sandy soil on each seedling bag, and covering seeds; 4) managing after broadcasting: and (2) after sowing, enhancing water management, keeping the surface soil of the seedling raising bag moist, and spraying a seedling promoting agent for one time 20-25 days after sowing, wherein the seedling promoting agent is prepared by adding water into urea, monopotassium phosphate and copper sulfate and mixing, taking 1000ml of the seedling promoting agent as an example, adding 600ml of water into 5.0mg of urea, monopotassium phosphate and 5.0mg of copper sulfate for dilution, fully dissolving and stirring, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000 ml.
And (4) taking the seedling raising substrate without adding the copper sulfate and the treatment without spraying the seedling promoting agent as a control, counting the seedling rate when the seedlings are outplanted, and comparing the difference with the control. The result shows that the seedling rate of the copperleaf flowers bred by the seedling method is obviously higher than the seedling effect of the prior art, the average seedling rate of the copperleaf flowers is 99.87% by adopting the technology of the invention, and the average seedling rate of the copperleaf flowers which are not treated by the technology is only 54.83% (see table 3 for details), so the effect is obvious.
Table 3 implementation effect of cultivating copperleaf grass flower seedlings by adopting the method for 3 continuous years
Example 4
A method for raising seedlings of Callicarpa paniculata comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a robust copper plant without pest damage as a seed collecting stock plant;
(2) respectively taking off the nearly mature cuprum flower seed ears from the stock plant by using scissors, and placing the nearly mature cuprum flower seed ears in an indoor artificial environment for after-ripening treatment: the temperature is 27 ℃, the humidity is 50%, the illumination time is 10 hours/day and night, the illumination intensity is 3000lux, and the continuous after-ripening treatment is carried out for 25 days;
(3) repeatedly kneading the copper grass flower seed ears which are subjected to after-ripening treatment and are close to ripeness until the seeds completely fall off, and collecting the seeds for later use;
(4) spreading the seeds in a culture dish with clean double-layer filter paper, uniformly distributing the seeds as much as possible, spraying a wine germination accelerating agent into the culture dish to fully wet the filter paper, continuously culturing for 3-5 days at 25 +/-2 ℃ in a dark room, spraying the germination accelerating agent once a day according to the wetting condition of the filter paper during the period, keeping the filter paper wet, and sowing after the seeds germinate; the germination accelerating agent is prepared by mixing IAA (inddol acetic acid), copper sulfate and purified water, taking 1000ml of germination accelerating agent as an example, 0.55mg of IAA is fully dissolved by a small amount of 95% alcohol, 600ml of purified water is added for dilution, 5.5mg of copper sulfate is added, and after full dissolution and stirring, the purified water is added to reach the volume of 1000 ml.
(5) Preparing a seedling substrate, wherein the seedling substrate is prepared from vegetable garden soil, peat, decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and copper sulfate, taking 3.9945g of vegetable garden soil, 300g of peat, 300g of decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and 0.55g of copper sulfate as an example of preparing 1kg of seedling substrate, fully mixing uniformly, adding water, and uniformly stirring to keep the water content of the substrate at 70%. And (3) filling the seedling raising matrix into a seedling raising bag, wherein the specification of the seedling raising bag is 15 multiplied by 13cm, and lightly compacting by hands to ensure that the matrix is slightly lower than the bag opening (about 0.5cm lower than the bag opening).
(6) Sowing in 3 middle ten days of each year, adopting a dibbling mode to sow, putting 2-3 coppergrass flower buds in each seedling bag, then thinly scattering a layer of fine sandy soil on the seedling bags to cover seeds, enhancing water management after sowing, keeping the surface soil of the seedling bags moist, and then spraying a seedling promoting agent 20-25 days after sowing; the seedling promoter is prepared by mixing urea, monopotassium phosphate and copper sulfate with water, taking 0.6mg of urea, 0.6mg of monopotassium phosphate and 6.0mg of copper sulfate as an example for preparing 1000ml of seedling promoter, adding 600ml of water for dilution, fully dissolving and stirring, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000 ml; and (5) taking out of the nursery when the height of the seedlings reaches 20-25 cm.
In the embodiment, the harvest rate of the copperleaf flower seeds is 97.8%, the germination rate of the seeds is 97.9%, and the seedling rate is 99.8%.
Example 5
A method for raising seedlings of Callicarpa paniculata comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a robust copper plant without pest damage as a seed collecting stock plant;
(2) respectively taking off the nearly mature cuprum flower seed ears from the stock plant by using scissors, and placing the nearly mature cuprum flower seed ears in an indoor artificial environment for after-ripening treatment: continuously performing after-ripening treatment at 25 deg.C, humidity of 45%, illumination time of 9.5 hr/day and illumination intensity of 2700lux for 23 days;
(3) repeatedly kneading the copper grass flower seed ears which are subjected to after-ripening treatment and are close to ripeness until the seeds completely fall off, and collecting the seeds for later use;
(4) spreading the seeds in a culture dish with clean double-layer filter paper, uniformly distributing the seeds as much as possible, spraying a wine germination accelerating agent into the culture dish to fully wet the filter paper, continuously culturing for 3-5 days in a dark room at 25 ℃, spraying the germination accelerating agent once a day according to the wetting condition of the filter paper during the period, keeping the filter paper wet, and sowing after the seeds germinate; the germination accelerating agent is prepared by mixing IAA (inddol acetic acid), copper sulfate and purified water, taking 1000ml of germination accelerating agent as an example, taking 0.53mg of IAA, fully dissolving with a small amount of 95% alcohol, adding 600ml of purified water for dilution, then adding 5.2mg of copper sulfate, fully dissolving and stirring, and adding purified water to reach the volume of 1000 ml;
(5) preparing a seedling substrate, wherein the seedling substrate is prepared from vegetable garden soil, peat, decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and copper sulfate, taking 339.45g of vegetable garden soil, 280g of peat, 280g of decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and 0.55g of copper sulfate as an example of preparing 1kg of seedling substrate, fully mixing uniformly, adding water, and uniformly stirring to keep the water content of the substrate at 68%. Filling the seedling raising matrix into seedling raising bags, wherein the specification of the seedling raising bags is 15 x 13cm, and lightly compacting by hands to ensure that the matrix is slightly lower than bag openings (about 0.5cm lower than the bag openings);
(6) sowing in 3 middle ten days of each year, adopting a dibbling mode to sow, putting 2-3 coppergrass flower buds in each seedling bag, then thinly scattering a layer of fine sandy soil on the seedling bags to cover seeds, enhancing water management after sowing, keeping the surface soil of the seedling bags moist, and then spraying a seedling promoting agent 20-25 days after sowing; the seedling promoter is prepared by mixing urea, monopotassium phosphate and copper sulfate with water, taking 0.55mg of urea, 0.55mg of monopotassium phosphate and 5.4mg of copper sulfate as an example for preparing 1000ml of seedling promoter, adding 600ml of water for dilution, fully dissolving and stirring, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000 ml; and (5) taking out of the nursery when the height of the seedlings reaches 20-25 cm.
In the embodiment, the harvest rate of the copperleaf flower seeds is 98.7%, the germination rate of the seeds is 98.2%, and the seedling rate is 99.7%.
It is apparent that the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating and do not limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are therefore intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (3)
1. A seedling raising method of copperleaf flowers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a robust copper plant without pest damage as a seed collecting stock plant;
(2) respectively taking the nearly mature copperleaf flower seed spikes or the mature copperleaf flower seed spikes from the stock plant, wherein the nearly mature copperleaf flower seed spikes need to be placed in an indoor artificial environment for after-ripening treatment;
(3) respectively rubbing the copper grass flower seed ears which are close to maturity and are subjected to after-ripening treatment or the matured copper grass flower seed ears repeatedly until the seeds completely fall off, and collecting the seeds for later use;
(4) spreading the seeds in a culture dish with clean double-layer filter paper, uniformly distributing the seeds as much as possible, spraying a wine germination accelerating agent into the culture dish to fully wet the filter paper, continuously culturing for 3-5 days at 25 +/-2 ℃ in a dark room, spraying the germination accelerating agent once a day according to the wetting condition of the filter paper during the period, keeping the filter paper wet, and sowing after the seeds germinate;
(5) preparing a seedling substrate, filling the seedling substrate into a seedling bag, and lightly compacting by hands to ensure that the substrate is slightly lower than the bag opening;
(6) sowing in 3 middle ten days of each year, putting 2-3 coppergrass flower buds in each seedling bag, then thinly scattering a layer of fine sandy soil on the seedling bags to cover seeds, enhancing water management after sowing, keeping the surface soil of the seedling bags moist, then spraying a seedling promoting agent once 20-25 days after sowing, and outplanting when the seedlings grow to 20-25 cm in height;
the temperature of the after-ripening treatment is 25 +/-2 ℃, and the humidity is 40-50%;
the seedling promoter is prepared by mixing urea, monopotassium phosphate and copper sulfate with water, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-0.6 part of urea, 0.5-0.6 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-0.6 part of copper sulfate and 98.5-98.2 parts of water;
the germination accelerating agent is prepared by mixing inddol acetic acid, copper sulfate and purified water, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05-0.55 part of indoacetic acid, 0.50-0.55 part of copper sulfate and 99.45-99.395 parts of purified water.
2. A method for raising seedlings of cupressure flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that the conditions of the after-ripening treatment are: the temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is 40-50%, the illumination time is 9-10 hours/day and night, the illumination intensity is 2500-3000 lux, and the continuous after-ripening treatment is carried out for 20-25 days.
3. The method for growing seedlings of cupressure flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that the seedling substrate is prepared from garden soil, peat, decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and copper sulfate, and the components are as follows by weight: 3.9945-4.995 parts of vegetable garden soil, 2.5-3.0 parts of peat, 2.5-3.0 parts of decomposed chicken manure organic fertilizer and 0.005-0.0055 part of copper sulfate.
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