CN114342752A

CN114342752A - Grass suppression direct seeding planting method for ecological rice

Info

Publication number: CN114342752A
Application number: CN202111547099.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 袁元荣; 袁骄艳; 袁明燕
Original assignee: Suzhou Shuiyan Hekang Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Shuiyan Hekang Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-17
Filing date: 2021-12-17
Publication date: 2022-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-17
Also published as: CN114342752B

Abstract

The invention relates to a grass suppression direct seeding planting method of ecological rice. The method is characterized in that in field preparation, water in the field is drained after the first field soaking is finished, then plowing and leveling are carried out, water is placed again, the water depth is kept to be 10-20 cm, and the field is soaked in deep water for 16-20 days; the sowing adopts a direct sowing method; after direct seeding, when the rice seedlings grow to be more than 15 cm, irrigating to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings by water level, continuously keeping the water level to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings for 8-10 days and nights, and correspondingly increasing the water level along with the growth of the rice seedlings; after the paddy field is continuously irrigated and soaked for 8-10 days and nights, the water level is naturally lowered to the level of the paddy field and basically no water is left, then the paddy field is irrigated again to 55% -65% of the height of the rice seedling, the water level is repeatedly irrigated for a plurality of times, the growth of weeds is inhibited by utilizing the high water level until the rice seedling grows to a closed row, and the later management is the same as the common method for planting the rice until the rice is harvested.

Description

Grass suppression direct seeding planting method for ecological rice

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a weed-free ecological rice weed-inhibiting direct-seeding planting method.

Background

The weeds compete with rice for fertilizer, water and sunlight, and if the weeds are allowed to grow excessively, the yield of the rice is greatly reduced and even is no longer acceptable. For this reason, rice growers have to use herbicides, which causes pesticide residues in rice, damages the health of human bodies, and increases planting costs. Thus, reducing weeds is a problem that most of the agricultural workers and farmers always want to solve, but has little effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a weed suppression direct seeding planting method of ecological rice, which is used for preventing and reducing weed damage and improving rice quality and taste in rice planting.

In order to meet the requirements, the technical scheme of the invention is characterized in that:

(1) preparing a field: uniformly applying sufficient farmyard manure amount required by the rice for a lifetime in a farmland at one time, turning over the farmland without water, fully and uniformly stirring the farmyard manure and the soil, and stirring the farmyard manure to a soil plough layer with the depth of about 25 cm; then, discharging water, keeping the water depth at 10 cm, soaking for 30 days, and carrying out first field soaking; draining water in the field after the first field soaking is finished, then ploughing and raking to achieve the flatness of the field surface of +/-3 cm, then putting water again, keeping the water depth of 10-20 cm, soaking in deep water for 16-20 days, carrying out second field soaking, and gradually precipitating fine soil particles suspended in water in the original ploughing process on the surface layer of the rice field in the second 16-20 days of soaking to form a floating mud layer for sealing the growth of weeds, wherein after the rice field is sowed, only rice seedlings grow for about 25 days without weeds; after the second time of soaking the field, draining water in the field 1 day before sowing, and if a shallow pool with accumulated water exists in a certain place, tying a rope by using a cement ball with the diameter of 20 cm, leading the cement ball to pass through the shallow pool, dragging out a shallow ditch on the surface of the field, discharging the accumulated water in the shallow pool, and finishing the preparation work of the field before sowing;

(2) accelerating germination of rice seeds: soaking rice seeds in quicklime water with the solubility of 2% for 48 hours, taking out the rice seeds, washing and accelerating germination, and taking the standard that the rice seeds are completely whitened in the opening and germs are exposed, but the bud length of the rice seeds cannot exceed 2 mm;

(3) sowing: the direct seeding method is adopted for seeding, the rice seeds after germination acceleration are directly sprayed or scattered on the surface of the prepared field, and the seeding density is 2.5-3.5 kilograms per mu of dry rice seeds;

(4) managing the direct seeding rice: when the directly sowed rice seeds germinate and grow to 2 leaves and 1 core, beginning to irrigate the rice field, irrigating for the first time at a low flow rate by using a plurality of water inlets so as to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by water, irrigating once every 1-3 days in normal rainy days, and irrigating to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings by using a water level when the directly sowed rice seedlings grow to be more than 15 cm, continuously keeping the water level to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings for 8-10 days and nights, and correspondingly improving the water level along with the growth of the rice seedlings; after the paddy field is continuously irrigated and soaked for 8-10 days and nights, the water level is naturally lowered to the level of the paddy field and basically no water is left, then the paddy field is irrigated again to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings, the water level is repeatedly utilized for a plurality of times to inhibit the growth of weeds until the rice seedlings grow to a closed row, the irrigation and weed inhibition work of the rice seedlings is finished, and the later management is the same as that of a common method for planting the rice until the rice seedlings are harvested.

The farm manure mainly refers to pig manure, sheep manure, cattle manure, rapeseed cakes, bean cakes, fermented straws and grasses.

The grass-inhibiting direct seeding planting method of the ecological rice adopts ultra-deep water and ultra-frequent soaking in the large seedling stage of the rice through secondary field soaking in a field before the rice is planted, effectively inhibits the growth of weeds in the rice field, kills and controls the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, and particularly ensures that fine soil particles suspended in water gradually precipitate on the surface layer of the rice field when the original cultivated land is raked up to form a float mud layer for closing the growth of the weeds when the second soaking is carried out for 16-20 days, grass seeds in soil are restrained below the float mud layer which is not suitable for the germination growth of the grass seeds, and when the grass seeds are directly sowed, the rice seeds are sowed on the upper surface of the float mud layer without touching (touching and breaking) to form the float mud layer for closing the growth of the weeds, so that the effect that only the rice seedlings grow but not grow the weeds can be realized about 25 days after the sowing of the rice field, and the growth of the weeds can be effectively restrained; after 25 days of sowing, the rice grows up and seals rows gradually, even if a small amount of weeds grow out after 25 days, the short weeds just emerged can not shine sunlight and die due to the high tillering and the gradual growth and sealing rows of the rice, and therefore the purpose that herbicides and pesticides are not used or are used less in the whole life of the rice can be achieved. Meanwhile, when the field is prepared, the farmyard manure required by the rice for a lifetime is applied at one time, and the farmyard manure gradually absorbs the deeper fertilizer in the soil along with the downward growth of the root system of the rice in the soil, so that the fertilizer is not additionally applied in the later period, the manual labor force is greatly reduced, the growth of the rice in the natural ecological environment is reduced, the defect of manual use of chemical preparations in the past is overcome, and the quality of the rice is improved. The direct seeding planting mode of the rice seeds also saves the heavy labor of traditional seedling raising, seedling pulling and seedling transplanting, creates better conditions for restraining the growth of weeds, realizing the mechanized and intelligent industries of ecological and natural rice planting, and solves the problem of rice quality which people want to solve but never solve.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of rice seedlings in a paddy field after 13 days of direct sowing through first and second paddy fields;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of rice seedlings in a paddy field after 13 days of direct sowing after the first paddy field soaking.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below by way of examples.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows in sequence:

(1) preparing a field: uniformly applying enough farmyard manure amount required by the rice for a lifetime in a farmland at one time, in the embodiment, 250 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes are adopted for ploughing in the farmland without water, so that the farmyard manure and the soil are fully and uniformly stirred, and the farmyard manure is stirred into a soil plough layer with the depth of about 25 cm; then, discharging water, keeping the water depth at 10 cm, soaking for 30 days, and carrying out first field soaking; draining water in the field after the first field soaking is finished, then ploughing and raking to achieve the flatness of the field surface of +/-3 cm, then putting water again, keeping the water depth of 10-20 cm, soaking in deep water for 16-20 days, carrying out second field soaking, and gradually precipitating fine soil particles suspended in water in the original ploughing process on the surface layer of the rice field in the second 16-20 days of soaking to form a floating mud layer for sealing the growth of weeds, wherein after the rice field is sowed, only rice seedlings grow for about 25 days without weeds; after the second time of soaking the field, draining water in the field 1 day before sowing, and if a shallow pool with accumulated water exists in a certain place, tying a rope by using a cement ball with the diameter of 20 cm, leading the cement ball to pass through the shallow pool, dragging out a shallow ditch on the surface of the field, discharging the accumulated water in the shallow pool, and finishing the preparation work of the field before sowing;

(2) accelerating germination of rice seeds: selecting 46 rice seeds of Nanjing, soaking the rice seeds in quicklime water with the solubility of 2% for 48 hours, taking out the rice seeds, washing the rice seeds for accelerating germination, and taking the standard that the rice seeds are completely whitened in openings and germs are exposed, but the bud length of the rice seeds cannot exceed 2 mm;

(3) sowing: direct seeding method (directly seeding rice seeds in the field until the rice seeds are mature), directly spraying the rice seeds after germination acceleration in the prepared field, wherein the seeding density is 2.5-3.5 kg per mu of dry rice seeds;

(4) managing the direct seeding rice: when the directly sowed rice seeds germinate and grow to 2 leaves and 1 core, beginning to irrigate the rice field, irrigating for the first time by using a slow flow rate to prevent seedlings from being damaged by water, irrigating once every 1-3 days in normal rainy days, and irrigating to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings by using a water level when the directly sowed rice seedlings grow to be more than 15 cm, keeping the water level to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings continuously for 8-10 days and nights, and correspondingly improving the water level along with the growth of the rice seedlings; after the paddy field is continuously irrigated and soaked for 8-10 days and nights, the water level is naturally lowered to the level of the paddy field and basically no water is left, then the paddy field is irrigated again to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings, the water level is repeatedly utilized for a plurality of times to inhibit the growth of weeds until the rice seedlings grow to a closed row, the irrigation and weed inhibition work of the rice seedlings is finished, and the later management is the same as that of a common method for planting the rice until the rice seedlings are harvested. Of course, the farm manure can also be pig manure, sheep manure, cattle manure, bean cakes, fermented straw, grass and the like.

In the implementation of the technology, as shown in figure 1, the effect of the rice seedlings in the paddy field is shown after the direct seeding for 13 days after the secondary field soaking, as can be seen from figure 1, no weed exists in the field, and the effect of the direct seeding paddy field for inhibiting the weed is obvious after the secondary field soaking. And the effect of the rice seedlings in the rice field is only achieved by the first field soaking operation in the direct seeding mode for 13 days in the figure 2, but the field blocks in the two fields of the figure 1 and the figure 2 are not far away, so that a plurality of weeds grow in the field, and manual weeding or herbicide application weeding is urgently needed in the field as seen in the figure 2. The comparison of the two figures proves that the effect of the second time of field soaking in field preparation is obvious. Through a comparative test of a few field blocks in 2021 years, the average yield per mu is 575 kilograms, which is equivalent to that of the conventional method, but no herbicide is used, the planting cost is greatly reduced, the rice quality is greatly improved, and the pollution of the herbicide to soil is also avoided.

Claims

1. A grass-inhibiting direct-seeding planting method of ecological rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a field: draining water in the field after the first field soaking is finished, then ploughing and raking to achieve the flatness of the field surface of +/-3 cm, then putting water again, keeping the water depth of 10-20 cm, soaking in deep water for 16-20 days, carrying out second field soaking, and gradually precipitating fine soil particles suspended in water in the original ploughing process on the surface layer of the rice field in the second 16-20 days of soaking to form a floating mud layer for sealing the growth of weeds, wherein after the rice field is sowed, only rice seedlings grow for about 25 days without weeds; after the second time of soaking the field, draining water in the field 1 day before sowing, and if a shallow pool with accumulated water exists in a certain place, tying a rope by using a cement ball with the diameter of 20 cm, leading the cement ball to pass through the shallow pool, dragging out a shallow ditch on the surface of the field, discharging the accumulated water in the shallow pool, and finishing the preparation work of the field before sowing;

(2) sowing: the direct seeding method is adopted for seeding, and the rice seeds after germination acceleration are directly sprayed or scattered on the surface of the prepared field;

(3) managing the direct seeding rice: after the rice seeds are directly sowed, when the rice seedlings directly sowed grow to be more than 15 cm, irrigating the rice seeds to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings by using the water level, continuously keeping the water level to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings for 8-10 days, and correspondingly increasing the water level along with the growth of the rice seedlings; after the paddy field is continuously irrigated and soaked for 8-10 days and nights, the water level is naturally lowered to the level of the paddy field and basically no water is left, then the paddy field is irrigated again to 55-65% of the height of the rice seedlings, the water level is repeatedly utilized for a plurality of times to inhibit the growth of weeds until the rice seedlings grow to a closed row, the irrigation and weed inhibition work of the rice seedlings is finished, and the later management is the same as that of a common method for planting the rice until the rice seedlings are harvested.