Method for weeding without using pesticide and cultivating weeds in rice field
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for weeding without using pesticides and without weeds in rice fields.
Background
The method for preventing and controlling the weeds in the farmland mainly comprises the methods of artificial prevention and control, chemical prevention and control, mechanical prevention and control and the like, and most of the methods for preventing and controlling the weeds in the farmland adopt a mode of spraying a herbicide to weed in order to save manpower and material resources at present. According to statistics, more than 300 chemical herbicides are available at home and abroad, and preparations with different formulations are processed, so that the herbicide can be used for weeding in almost all fields of food crops and economic crops. As reported by the world health organization and the united nations environmental agency, over 100 million people worldwide each year suffer from herbicide poisoning, of which 10 million people die. The situation is more severe in developing countries. The herbicide poisoning accidents of China are nearly millions of times every year, and about 2 thousands of people die. In the farmland environment, various pests and natural enemies exist, and are mutually restricted and in a relatively balanced state under the natural environment condition. The use of the herbicide in a large amount can kill a large amount of natural enemies of pests in a good way and a good way, seriously damage the ecological balance of the farmland and lead to the enhancement of the drug resistance of the pests. Pests with drug resistance in China spread over crops such as grains, cotton, fruits, tea and the like. Seriously pollutes the ecological environment and destroys the natural ecological balance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method without using pesticides to weed and without weeds in rice fields, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the cultivation method without using pesticide to weed and without weeds in rice field comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: excavating a plurality of gullies in a conventional rice field, wherein the gullies are 20-35cm deep and 30-55cm wide, and during ditching, continuously mixing root-promoting seedling-raising fertilizer into excavated soil to form fertilizer mud, laterally accumulating the fertilizer mud between the ditches to form long ridges, and the long ridges are 15-30cm wide;
(2) planting the aizoon stonecrop herb: planting heart-nourishing grass on the side of the long ridge, inserting 14-18 plants per square meter, and properly adjusting and planting the heart-nourishing grass on the long ridge according to the density of different varieties;
(3) planting seedlings: after the seedlings are raised, the seedlings are inserted on the long ridges, 4-8 seedlings are inserted per square meter, and the seedlings are properly adjusted and planted on the long ridges according to the density of different varieties;
(4) preparing grass mud: when the aizoon stonecrop grows to a certain height, beating the aizoon stonecrop and the muddy water into straw mud by a beating machine, and immediately covering the straw mud on the ridge;
(5) and (3) supplementing seeds with aizoon stonecrop herb: replanting Sedum aizoon at the side of the long ridge, inserting 7-10 plants per square meter, and planting on the long ridge according to the density of different varieties; when the aizoon stonecrop grows to a certain height, beating the aizoon stonecrop and the muddy water into straw mud by a beating machine, and immediately covering the straw mud on the ridge;
(6) irrigation: after transplanting, irrigating water into the gullies, and after transplanting, protecting seedlings in deep water for 2-3 days, wherein the depth of water in the gullies is 22-37 cm; at the green turning stage and the tillering stage, the depth of water in gullies is 18-32 cm; drying the field 7-10 days in the early morning of the lunar month, and submerging in the middle period for intermittent irrigation; in the heading stage, 16-29cm is in a gully; intermittently drying and wetting after ear trimming; removing water after yellow ripening period;
(7) harvesting: after the seeds are ripe, harvesting, threshing and finally warehousing.
Preferably, the root-promoting seedling-raising fertilizer comprises the following components: 500 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 400 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 400 parts of potash fertilizer, 400 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 31-38 parts of Humic Acid (HA), 9-12 parts of phosphorus activator, 0.1-0.3 part of mono-nitrated guaiacol sodium salt, 1-2 parts of alpha-naphthylacetic acid and derivatives thereof, 1-3 parts of indolebutyric acid and derivatives thereof and 1-3 parts of imidacloprid water suspension.
Preferably, the beating machine includes pushing wheel, reamer, accelerator, be equipped with the shaft on the pushing wheel, epaxial being connected with the accelerator of wheel, the accelerator includes duplicate gear, action wheel, follower, shell, the action wheel cover is put epaxially, duplicate gear includes gear wheel and pinion, action wheel and pinion meshing, gear wheel and follower meshing, the tip and the flexible axle one end of follower are connected, the flexible axle is gone up the cover and is put hose cover, the one end and the shell of hose cover are connected, the other end and the regulating spindle of hose cover are connected, the last cover of regulating spindle is put with the axle sleeve, the axle sleeve is equipped with the regulation hand shaft outward, flexible axle other end tip and reamer dish hookup, reamer dish bottom is equipped with a plurality of reamers.
Preferably, the diameter of the driven wheel is smaller than that of the bull gear.
The invention has the characteristics of high yield increase, no lodging, excellent rice quality and the like. The weeding method by using the grass can prevent the rice field from growing weeds, does not need to use pesticides for weeding, ensures the grain safety, protects the ecological environment of water and soil, simultaneously increases the fertilizer for the soil, and promotes the yield increase of the rice field.
The method has the advantages of high yield, high ventilation and light transmittance, convenient drainage, irrigation, field drying and weeding, great reduction of plant diseases and insect pests and great reduction of pesticide residues in grains. The mud eel and the loach can be intercropped in the ditch, so that the land use area is increased. The invention has large market capacity, wide prospect and great market value and social value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial full sectional view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the aizoon stonecrop harvesting mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below by combining the drawings and the detailed description.
The steps of the cultivation method without using pesticide to weed and without weeds in the rice field are shown in the combined drawings 1, 2 and 3:
(1) land preparation: excavating a plurality of gullies in a conventional rice field, wherein the gullies are 20-35cm deep and 30-55cm wide, and during ditching, continuously mixing root-promoting seedling-raising fertilizer into excavated soil to form fertilizer mud, laterally accumulating the fertilizer mud between the ditches to form long ridges, and the long ridges are 15-30cm wide;
the root-promoting seedling-raising fertilizer comprises the following components: 500 portions of nitrogen fertilizer 300-100 g, 400 portions of phosphate fertilizer 200-400 portions, 400 portions of potash fertilizer 200-400 portions, 2-4 portions of zinc sulfate, 1-5 portions of manganese sulfate, 31-38 portions of Humic Acid (HA), 9-12 portions of phosphorus activator, 0.1-0.3 portion of mononitrated guaiacol sodium salt, 1-2 portions of alpha-naphthylacetic acid and derivatives thereof, 1-3 portions of indolebutyric acid and derivatives thereof and 1-3 portions of imidacloprid water suspending agent. The sodium salt of mono-nitrified guaiacol, the alpha-naphthylacetic acid and the derivatives thereof, the indolebutyric acid and the derivatives thereof promote the growth of roots, the imidacloprid suspension in water kills pests in soil, the phosphorus activator can effectively improve the utilization rate of phosphorus in soil, reduce the application amount of phosphate fertilizer, improve the water and fertilizer retention and air permeability of soil and create a good soil environment for the growth of plants. Improving physical and chemical properties of soil, promoting microbial activity of soil, eliminating soil hardening, promoting recovery of granular structure, improving soil fertility and sustainability, and activating trace elements in soil.
(2) Planting the aizoon stonecrop herb: planting heart-nourishing grass on the side of the long ridge, inserting 14-18 plants per square meter, properly adjusting the density of the grass according to different varieties and planting the grass on the long ridge, having the effects of preventing and treating diseases in the whole growth period of rice, increasing the fertilizer of soil, improving the soil, earthing seedlings and enhancing the lodging capability;
(3) planting seedlings: firstly, after the seedlings are raised, the seedlings are inserted on the long ridges 2, 4-8 seedlings are inserted per square meter, and the seedlings are properly adjusted and planted on the long ridges 2 according to the density of different varieties. The new roots are easy to grow, the root tissues are good in ventilation, sufficient oxygen is needed for conveying respiration, the oxygen secretion capacity of the roots is enhanced, and the surrounding soil is in an oxidation state to form an oxidation ring; the vitality and the absorption capacity of the physiological functions of the roots are greatly improved, so that the yellow roots and the black roots are greatly reduced, if the white roots are in a common paddy field, the yellow roots can appear after a period of time, the oxygen secretion capacity of the roots is reduced because the general paddy field is not strong in ventilation, the oxidation range is reduced, the absorption capacity of the roots is greatly weakened, under the condition, the black roots can be generated, a series of harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and the like can be generated because the oxygen in the soil is insufficient, more divalent iron is generated, and when the hydrogen sulfide and the divalent iron are combined, ferrous sulfide is generated and is precipitated on the surfaces of the roots, so that the roots become black, the physiological functions of the roots are further declined, and finally the rice roots are poisoned and die.
The phenomenon can not be caused when the rice is planted on the long ridge, because the soil layer is raised into a solid shape, the ventilation condition of the soil is good, the occurrence of black roots can be greatly reduced, the full growth period of the rice planted on the long ridge is more than three times thinner than that of the rice planted in a general paddy field, particularly, the white roots are thick, strong and long and are very dense, the roots are deeply pricked in the soil layer, the soil fixing capability is very strong, the rice stalks are firm and have super strong wind and rain resistance, and the phenomenon is also one of important reasons for preventing the rice from lodging. The inventor has made many tensile tests and can pull up the steel sheet with more than 150 jin of force. The rice can be pulled up in a common rice field by over 15 jin;
(4) preparing grass mud: when the aizoon stonecrop grows to a certain height, the aizoon stonecrop and the muddy water are beaten into grass slurry by the beater, and the grass slurry is covered on the ridges immediately, so that no weed grows in the farmland.
(5) And (3) supplementing seeds with aizoon stonecrop herb: replanting Sedum aizoon at the side of the long ridge, inserting 7-10 plants per square meter, and planting on the long ridge according to the density of different varieties; when the aizoon stonecrop grows to a certain height, beating the aizoon stonecrop and the muddy water into straw mud by a beating machine, and immediately covering the straw mud on the ridge;
the beating machine 3 comprises a push wheel 31, a reamer 64 and an accelerator 5, wherein a wheel shaft 32 is arranged on the push wheel 31, the wheel shaft 32 is connected with the accelerator 5, the accelerator 5 comprises a duplicate gear 52, a driving wheel 51, a driven wheel 55 and a shell 57, the driving wheel 51 is sleeved on the wheel shaft 32, the duplicate gear 52 comprises a large gear 54 and a small gear 53, the driving wheel 51 is meshed with the small gear 53, the large gear 54 is meshed with the driven wheel 55, and the diameter of the driven wheel 55 is smaller than that of the large gear 54. The end part of the driven wheel 55 is connected with one end of a flexible shaft 56, a hose sleeve 57 is sleeved on the flexible shaft 56, one end of the hose sleeve 57 is connected with the shell 57, the other end of the hose sleeve 57 is connected with an adjusting shaft 61, a shaft sleeve 6 is sleeved on the adjusting shaft 61, an adjusting hand shaft 62 is arranged outside the shaft sleeve 6, the end part of the flexible shaft 56 is connected with a reamer disc 63, and a plurality of reamers 64 are arranged at the bottom of the reamer disc 63.
(6) Irrigation: after transplanting, irrigating water into the gullies, and after transplanting, protecting seedlings in deep water for 2-3 days, wherein the depth of water in the gullies is 22-37 cm; at the green turning stage and the tillering stage, the depth of water in gullies is 18-32 cm; drying the field 7-10 days in the early morning of the lunar month, and submerging in the middle period for intermittent irrigation; in the heading stage, 16-29cm is in a gully; intermittently drying and wetting after ear trimming; removing water after yellow ripening period;
(7) harvesting: after the seeds are ripe, harvesting, threshing and finally warehousing.
The invention can be operated manually, and can also use a ditching and ridging machine.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only representative examples of the present invention. It will be clear that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but that many variations are possible. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.