CN104488624A - Organic rice cropping method - Google Patents

Organic rice cropping method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104488624A
CN104488624A CN201410690359.6A CN201410690359A CN104488624A CN 104488624 A CN104488624 A CN 104488624A CN 201410690359 A CN201410690359 A CN 201410690359A CN 104488624 A CN104488624 A CN 104488624A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rice
paper film
field
paper
weeds
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Pending
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CN201410690359.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
潘成杰
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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Priority to CN201410690359.6A priority Critical patent/CN104488624A/en
Publication of CN104488624A publication Critical patent/CN104488624A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic rice cropping method employing a paper film-covering weeding method and belongs to the technical field of rice cropping. The organic rice cropping method includes performing early field management; spreading paper film; transplanting rice seedlings; further performing weeding in the manual and ecological manner. According to the arrangement, unsprouted seedlings of barnyard grass, Monochoria vaginalis and Sedge floating on the water surface can be taken or removed by the field managements such as early field steeping and drainage; the paper film covering the field functions in preventing sunlight transmission and reducing oxygen content of the water under the paper film, and in this way, advantages required by rooting, sprouting and growing processes are unavailable for the seedlings growing slowly, and the seedlings die; owing to the later manual hooking manner or the manner of releasing ducks on fields, weeds such as water cabbage survived under the paper film are removed thoroughly; degradation of the paper film allows organic content and soil activity of the shallow tillage layers of the fields to be further improved, the use of chemical herbicides is avoided, and rice quality is increased. The organic rice cropping method can be popularized and applied in organic rice cropping areas.

Description

Organic rice cultivation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of rice cultivation, particularly relate to organic paddy rice culture technique.
Technical background
Paddy rice is important cereal crops, plants in a large number in China.The safety of rice quality have impact on the grain security of China's dining table to a great extent, the requirement that the plantation that organises carrying out paddy rice is people's protecting ecology and ensures food safety.In existing rice cropping, people use various chemical pesticide and weed killer herbicide to carry out the control of damage by disease and insect and weeds usually, and this method cost is high, residue of pesticide large, also pollutes and injure soil and water.The weeding of Organic Farming Rice Fields, because can not spray insecticide, needs to use other herbicidal methods, its amount of labour is large, cost is high just becomes the key factor hindering organic paddy rice to promote, thus solve Organic Farming Rice Fields weeding problem in the urgent need to safety, labour-saving weeding system.Current Organic Farming Rice Fields weeding mainly relies on the mode of artificial weeding, and cost is high, and efficiency is low.The domestic practice also having the mode by spreading fertilizer over the fields rice chaff to carry out weeding, but usually need more artificial and rice chaff to spread fertilizer over the fields the photosynthesis that also have impact on rice seedling after on rice seedling, spread fertilizer over the fields and occur poly-heap at the water surface also easy by wind effect, be deposited in soil surface skewness, be even agglomerated into block time many and cause burning seedling.
Summary of the invention
In view of the weeding operation amount of labour in organic paddy rice cultivation is large, the problems such as cost is high, and efficiency is low, the present invention is intended to open a kind of organic rice cultivation method, in the early stage of organic paddy rice cultivation, mid-term and later stage carry out weeding stage by stage, to obtain good comprehensive herbicidal effect.
Organic rice cultivation method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) by grass-seed and the sick worm source of soaked field, water discharge method removing rice field retention: rice transplanting is filled with 10cm water for first 10 days and carried out soaked field draining after 5 days; Between soaked field and drainage period, employing is dammed, net drags for, machinery blows methods such as catching up with, removes and floats on the weed seed of the water surface and sick worm source;
(2) to plough level land, remove children's grass: after draining 3 days, outstanding to plough soil 5-8cm dark, removes early stage sprouting and the weeds of growth, for subsequent use behind face, smooth field;
(3) paper-mulching: select highdensity paper film, utilizes waddy to pass the empty axle in center of paper film volume, is launched first to be fixed on balk with earth in paper film one end, be pulled through the waddy of paper center membrane axle, paper film is laid in ground; Paper film both sides earth is pushed down; The intermembranous 10cm of the reserving distance of two ADFs facilitates rice transplanting operation to use;
(4) rice transplanting: after paper-mulching, hole pressing distance 16cm, the density of line-spacing 25cm, every cave 3-4 seedling is scratched a hole on paper film, carries out large-ridge double-row rice transplanting; Rice field after rice transplanting is poured water to depth of water 5-8cm;
(5) later stage weeds removing: the weeds early germinateed can be removed after paper-mulching 30-40 days.
Further, described step (5) also comprises artificial weeding and/or rice field and to tend ducks the step of weeding;
Described artificial weeding refers to after rice transplanting 30-40 days, removes with cleek hook the weeds under the paper film of field;
Described rice field is tended ducks after weeding refers to rice transplanting 30-40 days, puts labour duck in a suitable place to breed, suppressed the growth of weeds in rice field by the activity of duck in rice field.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is in the early stage of rice cropping, mid-term and later stage adopt multiple physics, artificial and ecological herbicidal methods in good time, for organic paddy rice weed control and the kind adapting to weeds, obtain the comprehensive herbicidal effect of high-efficiency and low-cost, mainly be applicable to annual weed and many rice fields occur, as water barnyard grass, rice barnyard grass, angustifolia arrowhead herb, water-white dish and convexutricle sedge herb; Be applicable to the manufacture of organic rice weed control of zones of different; Simple and convenient, be easy to promotion and application, especially decrease the use of chemical herbicide, make organic paddy of institute's output more safely and be conducive to environment.The present invention can, in manufacture of organic rice district wide popularization and application, be conducive to improving rice quality.
Embodiment
Now be described as follows in conjunction with the embodiments:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of organic rice cultivation method, carry out according to the following steps:
(1) field management in early stage comprises soaked field, draining remove the grass-seed and sick worm source of retaining in rice field: first 10 days of rice transplanting is filled with 10cm water and carried out soaked field 5 days and draining, between soaked field and drainage period, employing is dammed, net drags for, machinery blows methods such as catching up with, removes and floats on the weed seed of the water surface and sick worm source; The field management in described early stage, mainly can take away or remove and not yet germinate and swim in the barnyard grass on water layer surface, Monochoria vaginalis and nutgrass flatsedge seed;
(2) to plough level land: after draining 3 days, plough plough with outstanding outstanding to plough soil 5-8cm dark, for subsequent use behind face, smooth field;
(3) paper film is spread: select grammes per square metre to be 50 ± 2g/m 2high-density paper film, with the center empty axle of waddy through paper film volume, paper film one end is launched first to be fixed on balk with earth, is pulled through the waddy of paper center membrane axle with rope, paper film is entirely laid on ground; Paper film both sides earth is pushed down; The intermembranous 20cm of the reserving distance of two ADFs facilitates rice transplanting operation;
Described high-density paper film is be that the whole plant fiber of primary raw material is made with stalk; Dry tensile strength >=2kN/m2, wet tensile (strength) >=0.8kN/m2, light tight, do not add other chemical analysis.
Cover paper film to be intended to penetrate below paper film so as to what stop sunlight, reduce the oxygen content of water under paper film, make the seed slowly germinateed can not get taking root, germinate and grow needed for advantage and dead;
The degraded of paper film also will further enhancing the content of organic matter and the soil activation of rice field shallow plowing layer, avoid the use of chemical herbicide, be conducive to improving rice quality;
(4) rice transplanting: after paper-mulching, hole pressing is apart from 16cm, and the density of line-spacing 25cm, every cave 3-4 seedling is scratched a hole with hand on paper film, carries out large-ridge double-row rice transplanting.
(5) later stage weeds removing: the weeds early germinateed can be removed after paper-mulching 30-40 days.
Embodiment 2:
Organic rice cultivation method described in the present embodiment is on the basis of previous embodiment 1, there is following difference:
Step (5) is aided with artificial weeding: within after rice transplanting 30-40 days, carry out artificial hook and cut weeds once, and the weeds of the water cabbage namely thoroughly do not removed by paper film with homemade cleek carry out artificial hook and remove, and cleek hook is except dialling compared with grass with artificial, time saving and energy saving.
Embodiment 3:
, on the basis of previous embodiment 1, there is following difference in organic rice cultivation method described in the present embodiment:
Grammes per square metre is used to be 75 ± 2g/m in step (3) 2high-density paper film; Described high-density paper film is be that the whole plant fiber of primary raw material is made with stalk; Its dry tensile strength>=2kN/m2, wet tensile (strength)>=0.8kN/m2, light tight, do not add other chemical analysis.
Step (5) is aided with artificial weeding: within after rice transplanting 30-40 days, carry out artificial hook and cut weeds once, and the weeds of the water cabbage namely thoroughly do not removed by paper film with homemade cleek carry out artificial hook and remove, and cleek hook is except dialling compared with grass with artificial, time saving and energy saving.
Embodiment 4:
, on the basis of previous embodiment 1, there is following difference in organic rice cultivation method described in the present embodiment:
Grammes per square metre is used to be 75 ± 2g/m in step (3) 2paper film;
Step (5) is aided with weeding of tending ducks: within after rice transplanting 30-40 days, carry out rice field and tend ducks, and the kind of duck is labour duck or sheldrake, per muly only tends ducks 10-15, and each more than 3 hours, carry out repeating to tend ducks when there being weeds again, every minor tick about 15 days, tends ducks three times altogether;
Support duck in Organic Farming Rice Fields, be intended to remove further the weeds such as the water-white dish do not removed by paper film, to reach the object of thorough weeding.
Comparative example 1:
Soil property, environment and previous embodiment consistent do not cover paper film but the investigation of weed control efficacy is carried out in the plot of spraying chemical herbicide (10% pyrazosulfuron wetting powder).
Comparative example 2:
Soil property, environment and previous embodiment consistent do not cover paper film and weedy rices is carried out in the plot not beating weed killer herbicide and non-artificial weeding.
Under contrast above-described embodiment, the effect of rice field management of weeds is in table 1
The Contrast on effect of table 1 rice field management of weeds
Covering embodiment 1 plot of paper film, after rice transplanting 30 days and within 40 days, carry out the investigation of weed control efficacy respectively, acquired results was in table 2
Two, table 2 time period rice field management of weeds Contrast on effect (control efficiency %)
Comparing result shows:
1) effect covering the weeding of paper film is relevant with paper film thickness (grammes per square metre), and contrasted by the herbicidal effect of the paper film of two kinds of grammes per square metres, grammes per square metre is 75 ± 2g/m 2paper film effect to be better than grammes per square metre be 50 ± 2g/m 2paper film, analyze reason be grammes per square metre 75 ± 2g/m 2paper film be not all better than grammes per square metre 50 ± 2g/m in cracky in light-proofness, heat insulating ability and early stage 2paper film.
2) after paper membrane degradation, the difference that the time affects the growing way of weeds not obvious (except water-white dish).To cover after paper film 30 days, paper film is all degraded, the survey data display weeds growing way situation of 30 days and 40 days is without significant difference (except water-white dish), analysis reason is, rice transplanting is after 30 days, rice seedlings height grows to more than 30cm, can suppress the growth of new raised weed, and the weeds germinateed again after making can not shape up.
3) locality (Wuchang City of Heilongjiang Province) of carrying out in test due to water-white dish is weeds in late period, and during its seed germination, paper film decomposes gradually, covers the control effects of paper film to water-white dish undesirable so early stage.
4) by the investigation in implementing, cover paper film methods combining artificial weeding (mainly with cleek do instrument to water cabbage weeds hook except) and rice field weeding of tending ducks combine, its herbicidal effect is better.
5) the present invention is directed to the cultivation of organic paddy rice, scientifically adopt comprehensive physical, artificial and ecological herbicidal methods, avoid the use of chemical herbicide, guarantee non-environmental-pollution and food pollution, be more conducive to environment and food security.
Under contrast above-described embodiment on the impact of paddy rice growing way and output in table 3
Field trial establishes four kinds of processing methods altogether, wherein,
Processing method 1 is 50 ± 2g/m for covering grammes per square metre 2paper film and rice transplanting manually uses cleek weeding once in 40 days afterwards; All the other process are same as embodiment 1;
Processing method 2 is 50 ± 2g/m for covering grammes per square metre 2paper film weeding 3 times of tending ducks after rice transplanting 30-40 days; All the other process are same as embodiment 1;
Processing method 3 is 75 ± 2g/m for covering grammes per square metre 2paper film also manually uses cleek weeding once through rice transplanting after 40 days; All the other process are same as embodiment 1;
Processing method 4 is 75 ± 2g/m for covering grammes per square metre 2paper film weeding 3 times of tending ducks after rice transplanting 30-40 days; All the other process are same as embodiment 1;
Processing method 5: use herbicide treatment, namely carries out sprinkling chemical herbicide (10% pyrazosulfuron wetting powder) process in the paper film plot that do not cover that soil property, environment and embodiment are consistent;
Processing method 6: blank, namely adjacent soil property, environment and embodiment consistent do not cover paper film and the conventional rice not beating weed killer herbicide and non-artificial weeding is cultivated plot and is carried out paddy growth potential and rice quality is investigated.
Comparing result shows:
1) rice yield of paper-mulching weeding process is all higher than the output of the treatment region of use weed killer herbicide;
) use grammes per square metre is 75 ± 2g/m 2the weeding of paper film plot output a little more than use grammes per square metre be 50 ± 2g/m 2the plot of paper film, illustrate that grammes per square metre is 75 ± 2g/m 2paper film weeding and strengthen the resultant effect of soil fertility to be better than grammes per square metre be 50 ± 2g/m 2paper film;
4) to combine method that is artificial and weeding of tending ducks pollution-free for paper-mulching, produce safe rice growth and environmentally friendly.
Table 3 paddy rice growing way and yield comparison
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof and replace or change, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. an organic rice cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) field management in early stage: comprise the grass-seed and sick worm source of being retained by soaked field, water discharge method removing rice field: rice transplanting is filled with 10cm water for first 10 days and carried out soaked field draining after 5 days; Between soaked field and drainage period, employing is dammed, net drags for, machinery blows methods such as catching up with, removes and floats on the weed seed of the water surface and sick worm source;
(2) to plough level land, remove children's grass: after draining 3 days, outstanding to plough soil 5-8cm dark, removes early stage sprouting and the weeds of growth, for subsequent use behind face, smooth field;
(3) paper-mulching: select highdensity paper film, utilizes waddy to pass the empty axle in center of paper film volume, is launched first to be fixed on balk with earth in paper film one end, be pulled through the waddy of paper center membrane axle, paper film is laid in ground; Paper film both sides earth is pushed down; The intermembranous 10cm of the reserving distance of two ADFs facilitates rice transplanting operation to use;
(4) rice transplanting: after paper-mulching, hole pressing distance 16cm, the density of line-spacing 25cm, every cave 3-4 seedling is scratched a hole on paper film, carries out large-ridge double-row rice transplanting; Rice field after rice transplanting is poured water to depth of water 5-8cm;
(5) later stage weeds removing: the weeds early germinateed can be removed after paper-mulching 30-40 days.
2. organic rice cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described high-density paper film is be that the whole plant fiber of primary raw material is made with stalk; Grammes per square metre 50 ± 2g/m2 or 75 ± 2g/m 2, dry tensile strength>=2kN/m 2, wet tensile (strength)>=0.8kN/m 2, light tight, do not add other chemical analysis.
3. organic rice cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that:
In the removing of described step (5) later stage weeds, paper-mulching carried out after 30 days.
4. organic rice cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that:
Described step (5) also comprises artificial weeding and/or rice field and to tend ducks the step of weeding;
Described artificial weeding refers to after rice transplanting 30-40 days, removes with cleek hook the weeds under the paper film of field;
Described rice field is tended ducks after weeding refers to rice transplanting 30-40 days, puts labour duck in a suitable place to breed, suppressed the growth of weeds in rice field by the activity of duck in rice field.
5. organic rice cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that:
Described weeds comprise water barnyard grass, rice barnyard grass, water-white dish, angustifolia arrowhead herb and convexutricle sedge herb.
6. organic rice cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:
Weeds that weeding removes of tending ducks mainly comprise water-white dish for described artificial weeding or rice field.
CN201410690359.6A 2014-11-25 2014-11-25 Organic rice cropping method Pending CN104488624A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105815168A (en) * 2016-05-31 2016-08-03 太仓市绿苗农场专业合作社 Planting method for organic rice
CN106613586A (en) * 2016-10-09 2017-05-10 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Cultivation method for organic rice in subtropical hilly region
CN106643580A (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-05-10 湖南农业大学 Paddy field flatness detection system
CN105684803B (en) * 2016-02-05 2019-09-10 江苏猿人有机水稻种植有限公司 Crop smothering preventing control method in organic paddy rice planting process
CN111149640A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-15 湖南师范大学 Herbicide-free direct seeding cultivation method for rice

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105684803B (en) * 2016-02-05 2019-09-10 江苏猿人有机水稻种植有限公司 Crop smothering preventing control method in organic paddy rice planting process
CN105815168A (en) * 2016-05-31 2016-08-03 太仓市绿苗农场专业合作社 Planting method for organic rice
CN106643580A (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-05-10 湖南农业大学 Paddy field flatness detection system
CN106643580B (en) * 2016-09-14 2019-04-19 湖南农业大学 A kind of paddy-field flattening degree detection system
CN106613586A (en) * 2016-10-09 2017-05-10 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Cultivation method for organic rice in subtropical hilly region
CN111149640A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-15 湖南师范大学 Herbicide-free direct seeding cultivation method for rice
CN111149640B (en) * 2019-12-31 2022-05-17 湖南师范大学 Herbicide-free direct seeding cultivation method for rice

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Inventor after: Du Xiangge

Inventor after: Pan Chengjie

Inventor after: Yu Huiyun

Inventor after: Dong Min

Inventor before: Pan Chengjie

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Application publication date: 20150408