CN104718952A - Rice planting water management method for improving water storage of winter paddy field - Google Patents
Rice planting water management method for improving water storage of winter paddy field Download PDFInfo
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- CN104718952A CN104718952A CN201510149982.5A CN201510149982A CN104718952A CN 104718952 A CN104718952 A CN 104718952A CN 201510149982 A CN201510149982 A CN 201510149982A CN 104718952 A CN104718952 A CN 104718952A
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- paddy field
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice planting water management method for improving water storage of a winter paddy field. The method comprises the steps that from a transplanting stage to a tillering stage, the water level of the paddy field is controlled to be between 3 cm and 6 cm; from the tillering stage to a booting stage, the water level of the paddy field is kept within 20 cm; from the booting stage to a maturation stage, the water level of the paddy field is kept within 6 cm. According to the further technical scheme, from the transplanting stage to the tillering stage, the water level of the paddy field is 3 cm to 6 cm; from the active tillering stage to the booting stage, the water level of the paddy field is kept within 20 cm. From the active tillering stage, on the premise of not influencing the growth of rice, the upper limit of the irrigation depth of the paddy field is improved, therefore, the abundant rain period is utilized, natural rainfall resources are stored to the maximum extent, the rainwater loss is reduced, the water storage of the paddy field is improved, the drought resistance ability of the paddy field is improved, the irrigation cost of the paddy field is lowered, and the function of saving cost and improving the effect are obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water management method of Rice Cropping, be specifically related to a kind of moisture management method for paddy field with ponded water in winter Rice Cropping, to improve the reservoir storage of paddy field with ponded water in winter.
Background technology
Paddy field with ponded water in winter refers to the rice field of retaining in winter rice cultivation in the coming year, and be a unique class rice field, Southwestern China area, its origin cause of formation is that this region water conservancy irrigation conditions is poor, and transplanting seedlings for guarantee paddy rice next year needs water and long-term existence.Mainly concentrate on Sichuan, Chongqing, long-term winter water (spare time) field maintains about 1,000 ten thousand mu, and paddy field cultivation system is based on " paddy field with ponded water in winter---Hybrid Rice or ratoon rice ".River, Chongqing hills height above sea level 400 below m are along river Valley area, mean temperature of air 17-18.5 DEG C, the active accumulated temperature 5000-6200 DEG C of >=10 DEG C, year sunshine duration 1200-1400 hour, annual rainfall 1000-1200mm, but season distribution is uneven, seasonal drought is caused to take place frequently, as the summer drought in May, throughout the year the high temperature dry season last ten-days period in July to early August.
Paddy field with ponded water in winter district Hybrid Rice field growth period at first arrival in April early and middle ten days in August by the end of March, if the rice field of accumulation ratoon rice will be deferred to early and middle ten days in October.In whole growth process of riceplant, the water management requirement in demand fulfillment different bearing stage, could obtain rice high yield.What implement on paddy field with ponded water in winter at present is the rice high yield water consumpation administrative skill of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad, that is:
1, in transplanting time-tillering stage: water level in paddy field remains on 3-6cm, to promote being revival from transplanting of rice shoot, shallow water position is conducive to the early growth and quick tiller of low position tiller simultaneously, improves tillering capacity; And when rice seedling reaches tillering regularity (about namely rice shoot number reaches 120,000/mu), dry field control tiller, its objective is the generation suppressing ineffective tillering, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, the process of dry field control tiller reduces than shallow irrigation process tillers 12.3%, and the percentage of earbearing tiller improves 15.8%.
2, tillering stage-booting stage: water level in paddy field remains on the shallow water position of about 3cm, to ensure the water demand of ear differentiation.
3, booting stage-maturing stage: face, field keeps moisture state or alternation of wetting and drying.
This early stage (transplant-tiller) deep water is turned green, enough seedling dry fields, mid-term (Spike development-booting) shallow irrigation, the paddy field moisture administrative skill of later stage (booting-maturation) alternation of wetting and drying, although be conducive to rice high yield, but greatly reduce the reservoir storage of paddy field with ponded water in winter, waste a large amount of rainwater resources.Because in the rich Pluvial of the 5-8 month, as pressed High-yielding paddy field pipe water technology, require that rice field keeps shallow water or alternation of wetting and drying, so that a large amount of rainfalls is run off, and when the high temperature dry season arrives, pouring water source drought resisting without guarantor in rice field, needs pumping irrigation to increase planting cost.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just the deficiency proposed for above-mentioned prior art, under a kind of prerequisite ensureing rice high yield is provided, improve the paddy field moisture management new technology of paddy field with ponded water in winter reservoir storage to greatest extent, it can improve the reservoir storage of paddy field with ponded water in winter in Rice Cropping process, improve rice field drought-resistant ability, reduce rice field and to pour water cost.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is such:
Improve a Rice Cropping water management method for paddy field with ponded water in winter reservoir storage, be specially:
1, transplanting time is to tillering stage, and water level in paddy field remains on 3-6cm;
2, tillering stage is to booting stage, within water level in paddy field remains on 20cm;
3, booting stage is to the maturing stage, within water level in paddy field remains on 6cm.
Further technical scheme is, transplanting time is to tillering regularity, and water level in paddy field is 3-6cm; Tillering regularity to booting stage, within water level in paddy field remains on 20cm.
Transplanting time refers to that rice seedling is transplanted to the date in land for growing field crops from seedbed, and as condition is suitable for after transplanting seedlings is revival from transplanting, can stretch out new strain from the axillalry bud of false basal part of stem axil, this just cries tillers.Refer to that rice seedling transplants the rear period reaching peak to land for growing field crops unit are seedling number tillering stage.The period reaching about 80% of number of productive ear needed for high yield when seedling number is tillering regularity, and therefore the most energy Cheng Sui of tillering grown before tillering regularity is effective tiller, and tillering of occurring after tillering regularity, majority stops growing in midway and can not go out fringe, and actual is waste nutrient, is ineffective tillering.Therefore further technical scheme of the present invention after tillering regularity, just starts to improve the control water water level in rice field to 20cm, utilizes deep water control seedling to suppress the generation of ineffective tillering, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller.Detect through the present inventor, deep water control seedling reduces than shallow irrigation process tillers 18.6%, and the percentage of earbearing tiller improves 22.1%.
The present invention is at transplanting time to tillering regularity, and consistent with prior art, water level in paddy field remains on 3-6cm, to promote being revival from transplanting of rice shoot, and is beneficial to the early growth and quick tiller of low position tiller, improves tillering capacity, and at tillering regularity to booting stage, within water level in paddy field remains on 20cm, this water level ensure that the moisture content demand of ear differentiation, significantly grain husk flower is not degenerated, grain number per spike is suitable with prior art, the output of paddy rice can not be affected, be conducive to controlling ineffective tillering in deep water situation simultaneously, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller and form large fringe and high yield, therefore the 3cm shallow water position with prior art is compared, the present invention can accumulation natural precipitation resource to greatest extent during this period, reduce rain water runoff, and also for arid takes place frequently the period during this, prior art is due to 3cm shallow water position, rice field is without unnecessary retaining, need pumping irrigation, and the present invention due to water level high, there is water storing fighting drought in rice field, without the need to drawing water, save irrigation cost, during booting stage to the maturing stage, present invention also improves water level in paddy field to 6cm, confirm through inventor's many experiments, when water level in paddy field is within 6cm, do not affect root growth, output is also suitable with prior art.
There is notable difference in the present invention and existing water management technology: pipe water technology mode of the present invention is " shallow-dark-dark-shallow ", and large portion, rice field time paddy field moisture controls at 6-20cm, greatly reduces rain water runoff; Traditional high yield pipe water technology mode is then " shallow-dry-shallow-wet ", rice field mid-term and overwhelming majority time in later stage are arid or moistening pipe water state, and this phase on the occasion of mid or late May-rich Pluvial of early August, unnecessary rain water runoff, and need drought resisting of drawing water when meeting the high temperature dry season.
Therefore the present invention is from tillering regularity, under the prerequisite not affecting paddy growth, improve the upper limit of rice field water irrigating depth, thus utilize the rich Pluvial, accumulation natural precipitation resource to greatest extent, reduce rain water runoff, improve rice field reservoir storage, improve rice field drought-resistant ability, reduce rice field and to pour water cost, cost-saving synergistic effect is obvious.
Embodiment
In order to the object of the present invention of understanding clearly, technical scheme and beneficial effect, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention do not limited in the examples below.
One, the present invention and traditional high yield pipe water technology comparative trial:
Production test was carried out in 2014 in Tian Xing town, the Luxian County paddy rice scientific and technological engineering mimoir district that gets bumper crops.Select 4 pieces of rice fields of area 2.8-3.5 mu, first being divided equally in every block rice field is two pieces, do the ridge (high 50 cm in the ridge, wide 60 cm) with mud to separate, test rice varieties is Hybrid Rice kind (interior perfume (or spice) excellent 8514), seedling raising manners, the Honda cultivation management technologies such as density, fertilizing amount and diseases and pests controlling that transplant seedlings are identical, only carry out the same field comparative trial of the inventive method and traditional high yield pipe water two kinds of Rice Cropping moisture management technology.
From result of the test (table 1), the rice yield of two kinds of pipe water technology is close, but successful of the present invention is better than traditional high yield pipe water technology.Main manifestations is, the present invention is because of under ensureing that rice high yield needs water prerequisite, and accumulation rainwater and other waters, does not take out a water in whole rice growing season to greatest extent, and traditional high yield pipe water technology is not because of by the rainfall accumulation in rich Pluvial, and draw water 1 time because rice field arid in mid-July.And observing paddy field water either condition with deep feeling by the end of November, rice field bank block of the present invention all has retaining, substantially can ensure to transplant seedlings next year with water, and there are 3 pieces of droughts in traditional high yield pipe water technology rice field, can 1 piece has shoaling layer, ensure to transplant seedlings next year with water, and needing coming winter-spring period has a certain amount of rainfall.
Two, with the dark validation test of water in field:
Paddy field moisture management is under the important technology of rice high yield.Past more researcher thinks that water level in paddy field is more low and is more conducive to rice high yield, is difficult to the water level problem expecting improving paddy growth mid-term and later stage to greatest extent under ensureing not affect rice yield prerequisite.For this reason, present inventor, in advance by the potted plant Control experiment of a large amount of strict water level depth, has researched and proposed the maximum control water depth of the crucial growing stage of above rice high yield.In order to confirm its reliability under field cultivating condition.The cement pit dividing four pieces equally further on same rice field is tested, this test rice varieties is Hybrid Rice kind (interior perfume (or spice) excellent 8514), seedling raising manners, the Honda cultivation management technologies such as density, fertilizing amount and diseases and pests controlling that transplant seedlings are identical, and just its moisture management method is as described below:
Gained rice yield is:
As seen from the above table, test process 1 is suitable with the output of test process 2, and the output testing process 3,4 obviously reduces, therefore also can not improve paddy field cultivation water level to improve rice field water requirement simply, and ignore rice yield, through the present inventor in conjunction with Rice Cropping experience and technology, the peak level in each period of Rice Cropping is confirmed through creationary thinking test, both do not affect the output of paddy rice, improve rice field reservoir storage to greatest extent yet, improve rice field drought-resistant ability.
Claims (2)
1. improve a Rice Cropping water management method for paddy field with ponded water in winter reservoir storage, it is at transplanting time to tillering stage, and water level in paddy field remains on 3-6cm, it is characterized in that: tillering stage to booting stage, within water level in paddy field remains on 20cm; Booting stage to the maturing stage, within water level in paddy field remains on 6cm.
2. a kind of Rice Cropping water management method improving paddy field with ponded water in winter reservoir storage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: transplanting time is to tillering regularity, and water level in paddy field is 3-6cm; Tillering regularity to booting stage, within water level in paddy field remains on 20cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510149982.5A CN104718952B (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2015-04-01 | A kind of Rice Cropping moisture management method for improving paddy field with ponded water in winter reservoir storage |
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| CN201510029535 | 2015-01-21 | ||
| CN2015100295356 | 2015-01-21 | ||
| CN201510149982.5A CN104718952B (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2015-04-01 | A kind of Rice Cropping moisture management method for improving paddy field with ponded water in winter reservoir storage |
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| CN104718952A true CN104718952A (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| CN104718952B CN104718952B (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111587751A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-28 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Annual water management method for mechanized planting of rice-ratoon rice in winter paddy field |
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