CN103229647A - Method for propagating Taxus madia nursery stocks - Google Patents
Method for propagating Taxus madia nursery stocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN103229647A CN103229647A CN2013101392744A CN201310139274A CN103229647A CN 103229647 A CN103229647 A CN 103229647A CN 2013101392744 A CN2013101392744 A CN 2013101392744A CN 201310139274 A CN201310139274 A CN 201310139274A CN 103229647 A CN103229647 A CN 103229647A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for propagating Taxus madia nursery stocks. The method comprises the steps of (1) preparing a sterile fine-sand seed bed and setting up a shading shed; (2) mixing turf with perlite in the proportion of 6:4 to prepare matrix nutrition cups; (3) matrix nutrition cups are evenly spaced and placed on the seed bed and sterilized fully; (4) selecting branches of Taxus madia plants of three to four year olds in spring or in autumn for cuttage in nutrition cups; and (5) keeping the temperature of the seed bed to be within a range of 18-30 DEG C and the humidity to be 65-70%, spraying foliage fertilizer for the first time after 9-10 days, spraying the foliage fertilizer once every 7-10 days during the fast-growing period of nursery stocks, cutting roots by air or breaking roots through movement of nutrition cups, stopping spraying the foliage fertilizer when most of roots grow, and then hardening seedlings till the next spring to conduct large field transplantation. According to the method, propagated Taxus madia nursery stock roots are balanced, neat and robust, the rate of survival exceed 96%, the seedling rate exceed 95%, the survival rate of transplanting can achieve 98%, and industrialized production can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mating system of plant nursery stock, what be specifically related to is the mating system of Taxus x media nursery stock.
Background technology
The medical value of Chinese yew and economic worth thereof are very high, belong to world rare and endangered species again, in order to save these species and to take full advantage of its value, people have carried out the seedling-wood breeding research of Chinese yew, and for example publication number is that to disclose a kind of " the breeding and seedling method of Chinese yew ", publication number be that to disclose a kind of " method of taxus chinensis in northeast pierre ", publication number be that the Chinese patent of CN 101663946A discloses a kind of " cuttage breeding method of taxus chinensis in northeast " etc. for the Chinese patent of CN 101982050A for the Chinese patent of CN1711826A.In disclosed method, cuttage and seedling culture is the basis of this seedling-wood breeding, and its common feature is that the direct cuttage of plugged ear is cultivated at medium of seedling bed, grows after 1 year, goes out bareroot seedling in two seasons of spring and autumn and transplants.The seedling-wood breeding method of known relevant Taxus x media also is so substantially.Said method has played good effect to saving the Chinese yew species, but not ideal enough breeding in a large number on the effect of Chinese yew.There is following deficiency in the seedling-wood breeding method that experiment showed, existing Taxus x media: seedlings root depauperation, survival rate only have 85%, outplanting rate is no more than 80%, the bareroot seedling transplanting survival rate has only about 60%, as bad climate, and survival rate even be lower than 40%.Trace it to its cause for: (1) is because the not obvious fibrous root of Taxus x media main root is flourishing, the intensive transparence root hair of growing tiny of its fibrous root, the root hair is inactivation very easily, and prior art need be excavated out when outplanting with nursery stock, unavoidably can cause certain injury to root system in lifting, transportation, field planting process, nature can reduce planting survival rate and current increment like this; (2) the cuttage seeding root system is grown in matrix or natural conditions soil always, abundant ingress of air, and the not positive phenomenon of root system development imbalance, length inequality, root cap is very general, have influence on the quality of transplant, the transplanting back seedling-slowing stage time is long, and a little less than the growing way, biological yield is few; (3) be subjected to transplant and be subject to seasonal restrictions, can only transplant in spring and autumn, afforest or to build time in garden short, can not transplant on a large scale, be unfavorable for scale, batch production production.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose the mating system of a kind of Taxus x media nursery stock, can overcome the existing existing above-mentioned deficiency of Yew cuttage mating system.
The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose is: the mating system of a kind of Taxus x media nursery stock, undertaken by following step:
(1) preparation in seedbed
Build the cool canopy of height about 2 meters, guarantee that obscurity is 70～75%, the seedbed parallel interval has the drain ditch in the canopy, and there is the aseptic fine sand of 5-10 cm thick on the top layer, seedbed;
(2) preparation of matrix and processing
By volume get 6 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 4 parts of perlites, fully mix the back as the matrix of plugged ear, the phosphate fertilizer and an amount of N, K chemical fertilizer that in matrix, add its gross weight 0.5% then, water spray mixes and stirs again, the carbendazim dilution sterilization that adds 800～1000 times simultaneously makes its relative moisture reach 60～65%, in the nutrition cup of the degradable nonwoven fabrics material of packing into, becoming the matrix nutrition cup, is that 0.5% copperas solution squirts nutrition cup surface with concentration at last;
(3) the matrix nutrition cup puts
The matrix nutrition cup evenly at interval is placed on (1) described seedbed, is that 0.4% liquor potassic permanganate is to carrying out pasteurised completely in the cool canopy with concentration;
(4) plugged ear is selected to handle and cuttage
(4.1) spring or autumn, the healthy and strong branch in the plant top of selecting Taxus x media 3-4 to give birth to is made plugged ear with the branch of truncation method sheared length 11～13cm, the plugged ear branch lignification of will demanding perfection, and even thickness, clip is smooth smooth, avoids cut, breaks skin;
(4.2) add an amount of sucrose and potassium sorbate preservative in concentration is composite dose of indolebutyric acid+naa of 200mg/L, add yellow mud in composite dose, stir into denseer yellow mud, plugged ear is dipped in slurry then;
(4.3) the plugged ear cuttage of dipping in slurry is in (3) described matrix nutrition cup, and a plugged ear is container seedling in the matrix nutrition cup, irrigates plastic film on the normal root water bonnet;
(5) nursery bed management
(5.1) keep 18～30 ℃ of seedling bed temperatures, relative moisture 65～70%, remove plastic film after 9～10 days and do for the first time that foliage fertilizer sprays, give birth in the phase in whole nursery stock speed then and sprayed one time foliage fertilizer every 7～10 days, add an amount of blade respiration inhibitor in the foliage fertilizer, keep 18～30 ℃ of temperature of shed during this period, relative moisture is 65～70%, the relative moisture 60-65% of matrix suitably adds bactericide during foliage-spray;
(5.2) when the root system of plugged ear grows from the nutrition cup sidewall, can utilize air to cut root or be completely cured in mobile nutrition cup position, when the root system length of plugged ear is to the seedbed, the mobile nutrition cup of palpus, and cut off end root by hand, when most of root system of plugged ear grows from the nutrition wall of cup, stop to spray of foliage fertilizer;
(5.3) hardening is to spring next year, and container seedling can go out the garden and carry out field-transplanting.
In the step (1), described seedbed bed surface width is 1-1.2 rice.
In the step (2), the diameter of described nutrition cup is 4～5cm, highly is 10～15cm.
In the step (3), the standard that described matrix nutrition cup is evenly put on the seedbed at interval is 320～350 every square metre, and the best standard of putting is 350 every square metre.
Described matrix nutrition cup, its rim of a cup middle position have the vertical cave nest of diameter 0.5cm, a degree of depth 4-5cm.
In the step (4.1), the optimum length of described plugged ear is 12cm.
The top of described plugged ear stays 2-3 branch, and blade is left in the bottom.
In the step (5.1), described bactericide is agricultural streptomycin, or carbendazim, or fenaminosulf, or thiophanate-methyl, and several bactericide can use by turns.
The invention effect
Among the present invention, the organic component content height in the matrix nutrition cup, comprehensive nutrition and suitably is conducive to the balanced growth of plugged ear root system; The nutrition cup is degradable nonwoven cloth material, can ensure that any coring on the plugged ear freely stretches; The matrix nutrition cup is put at interval, the coring of each plugged ear can not twine mutually, after plugged ear has many root systems to stretch out nutrition cup as container, can utilize air to cut root or be completely cured in mobile matrix nutrition cup position, each bar root can produce Yi More injured tissue at withered disconnected place, and Zhe Xie More injured tissue can bear a large amount of root systems immediately explosively behind transplanted seedling tree, thereby facilitate the quick growth of acrial part, evaded the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, the young growth closing shift to an earlier date, and transplanting survival rate can increase substantially; Because the root system of container seedling is grown under ventilative environmental condition all the time, root system obtains taking exercise in process of growth, and root growth gets thin, the strong stress resistance of sturdy strong, drought-resistant anti-ridge; The root system of container seedling and matrix weave in form firm and whippy root ball, can not injure root system during lifting; Each container seedling in light weight, convenient in carrying, the long-distance transport group that do not loose has reduced the damage degree of root system in the transportation; Matrix also can improve after going out the garden field planting and activating soil, can improve the content of the soil organic matter, for the root system microorganism provides abundant nutrition, the huge microorganism of quantity can produce a large amount of plurality of enzymes and hormone, can promote root growth, increase the humus content in the soil, increase soil fertility, make loosing soil ventilative, play the effect of improving the soil.The Taxus x media seedling root balance that the present invention breeds, neat healthy and strong, survival rate is more than 96%, and outplanting rate reaches more than 95%, and transplanting survival rate can reach 98%, but whole year production is not subjected to seasonal restriction, can realize scale, batch production production.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The mating system of Taxus x media nursery stock, undertaken by following step:
(1) preparation in seedbed
Build the cool canopy of height about 2 meters, cover with the sunshade net, guarantee that obscurity is 70～75%, seedbed parallel interval in the canopy, there is the passageway centre, seedbed span width 1-1.2 rice, length is decided according to physical features.The edge in seedbed is built into cement brick or common brick, and there is the aseptic fine sand of 5-10 cm thick on the top layer, seedbed; Near the seedbed, excavate out wide 30 centimetres, dark 20 a centimetres U-shaped ditch, so that the rainy day draining.
(2) preparation of matrix and processing
Select for use the mixture of the organic substrate peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite as the matrix of plugged ear, peat composed of rotten mosses unit weight is little, the porosity height, and perlite draining good permeability contains great number of organic matters in this matrix, and quality is light, can maximum satisfy Taxus x media cuttage demand.According to experimental summary repeatedly, by volume, the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=6: 4 is the optimum substrate proportioning.The phosphate fertilizer and an amount of N, K chemical fertilizer that add its gross weight 0.5% in this matrix, water spray mixes and stirs again, the carbendazim dilution sterilization that adds 800～1000 times simultaneously, make its relative moisture reach 60～65%, the diameter of packing into is 4～5cm, highly is to become the matrix nutrition cup in the nutrition cup of degradable nonwoven fabrics material of 10～15cm, is that 0.5% copperas solution squirts nutrition cup surface with concentration at last.
The unsuitable overdrying, wet excessively of matrix is collected together with hand and can be polymerized to suitablely, and soil humidity is controlled at 60-65%, favourable taking root.
(3) the matrix nutrition cup puts
According to 320～350 every square metre standard, the matrix nutrition cup evenly is placed on (1) described seedbed, with concentration be 0.4% liquor potassic permanganate to carrying out pasteurised completely in the cool canopy, can begin cuttage after three days.This standard of putting can keep that suitable space is arranged between the matrix nutrition cup, is beneficial to air root relief and daily management maintenance.
(4) plugged ear is selected to handle and cuttage
Cutting time all can carry out autumn in spring.The sample plot of present embodiment is chosen in Shaanxi Province's Hanzhong City, according to the local climate condition, then can begin when temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃, just can carry out from March 20, and the hottest and the coldest month of avoiding of booth condition is arranged, but all cuttages of all the other times.
(4.1) choose the healthy and strong branch in the living plant top of Taxus x media 3-4 and make plugged ear, have dew and hot weather should not adopt branch, stop the plugged ear branch and stack and heating in transit, adopt Hui Houying and be placed on shady and cool place, keep humidity, preferably with adopting with usefulness, storage period, is unsuitable long.Make plugged ear with the branch about truncation method sheared length 12cm, press the cuttage of carse, medium and small three grades of difference so that management, the plugged ear branch lignification of will demanding perfection, even thickness, clip is smooth smooth, avoids cut, broken skin, during the beta pruning bar, branch top stays 2-3 branch, and what surpass wipes out from base portion, makes the blank that a tree crown is namely arranged after taking root.Truncation can reduce the biglyyest and is subjected to the surface of a wound, reduces and takes off the root phenomenon, improves the amount of taking root, and is beneficial to balance and takes root.
(4.2) add the potassium sorbate preservative of an amount of sucrose and 1: 1000 times in concentration is composite dose of indolebutyric acid+naa of 200mg/L, add yellow mud in composite dose, stir into denseer yellow mud, the plugged ear that shears gets final product cuttage after dipping in this yellow mud.
(4.3) the plugged ear straight cutting that dips in slurry is in (3) described matrix nutrition cup, and a plugged ear is container seedling in the matrix nutrition cup, covers plastic film with little shed after irrigating normal root water.
(5) nursery bed management
(5.1) keep 18～30 ℃ of seedling bed temperatures, relative moisture 65～70%, remove plastic film after 9～10 days and do for the first time that foliage fertilizer sprays, give birth in the phase in whole nursery stock speed then and sprayed one time foliage fertilizer every 7～10 days, foliage fertilizer is with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, rooting promoter mixes use, at the cuttage initial stage, for preventing blade excessive evaporation moisture content, also should add respiration inhibitor, as the salicylic acid sheet, every 15kg water adds 10, control stomatal movement degree, reduce the blade face water evaporates, keep 18～30 ℃ of temperature of shed during this period, relative moisture is 65～70%, the relative moisture 60-65% of matrix, suitably add bactericide, agricultural streptomycin during foliage-spray, carbendazim, fenaminosulf, several bactericide such as thiophanate-methyl can use by turns.
(5.2) before root system does not grow container, the management method of the available bareroot seedling of being familiar with manages, when the root system of plugged ear grows from the nutrition cup sidewall, can utilize air to cut root or be completely cured in mobile nutrition cup position, when the root system length of plugged ear is to the seedbed, the mobile nutrition cup of palpus, and cut off end root by hand, when most of root system of plugged ear grows from the nutrition wall of cup, stop to spray of foliage fertilizer, at this moment dry air flows through between the container space, wilts withered from the young tender tip of a root that the container sidewall length goes out.Through the processing of being completely cured of 1～2 air, the lateral root of container matrix the inside become progression to increase and and the matrix weave in form whippy root ball.The root that bears under spray condition much is water root, and the root hair is few, after being completely cured and practicing seedling by air, and the root strong stress resistance that grows.
(5.3) hardening is to spring next year, and container seedling can go out the garden and carry out field-transplanting.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is as different from Example 1: in the step (3), the standard that described matrix nutrition cup is evenly put on the seedbed at interval is 350 every square metre.Other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is as different from Example 1: the rim of a cup middle position of described matrix nutrition cup has the vertical cave nest of diameter 0.5cm, a degree of depth 4-5cm, and blade is left in the bottom of described plugged ear.The cave nest can make the smooth cuttage of plugged ear that the bottom leaves blade in the matrix of nutrition cup, and the blade of plugged ear bottom can play the effect with Ye Daigen.Other is identical with embodiment 1 or 2.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment is as different from Example 1: in the step (4.1), the length of described plugged ear is 12cm.Other is identical with one of embodiment 1 to 3.
Claims (8)
1. the mating system of a Taxus x media nursery stock is characterized in that: undertaken by following step,
(1) preparation in seedbed
Build the cool canopy of height about 2 meters, guarantee that obscurity is 70～75%, the seedbed parallel interval has the drain ditch in the canopy, and there is the aseptic fine sand of 5-10 cm thick on the top layer, seedbed;
(2) preparation of matrix and processing
By volume get 6 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 4 parts of perlites, fully mix the back as the matrix of plugged ear, the phosphate fertilizer and an amount of N, K chemical fertilizer that in matrix, add its gross weight 0.5% then, water spray mixes and stirs again, the carbendazim dilution sterilization that adds 800～1000 times simultaneously makes its relative moisture reach 60～65%, in the nutrition cup of the degradable nonwoven fabrics material of packing into, becoming the matrix nutrition cup, is that 0.5% copperas solution squirts nutrition cup surface with concentration at last;
(3) the matrix nutrition cup puts
The matrix nutrition cup evenly at interval is placed on (1) described seedbed, is that 0.4% liquor potassic permanganate is to carrying out pasteurised completely in the cool canopy with concentration;
(4) plugged ear is selected to handle and cuttage
(4.1) spring or autumn, the healthy and strong branch in the plant top of selecting Taxus x media 3-4 to give birth to is made plugged ear with the branch of truncation method sheared length 11～13cm, the plugged ear branch lignification of will demanding perfection, and even thickness, clip is smooth smooth, avoids cut, breaks skin;
(4.2) add an amount of sucrose and potassium sorbate preservative in concentration is composite dose of indolebutyric acid+naa of 200mg/L, add yellow mud in composite dose, stir into denseer yellow mud, plugged ear is dipped in slurry then;
(4.3) the plugged ear cuttage of dipping in slurry is in (3) described matrix nutrition cup, and a plugged ear is container seedling in the matrix nutrition cup, irrigates plastic film on the normal root water bonnet;
(5) nursery bed management
(5.1) keep 18～30 ℃ of seedling bed temperatures, relative moisture 65～70%, remove plastic film after 9～10 days and do for the first time that foliage fertilizer sprays, give birth in the phase in whole nursery stock speed then and sprayed one time foliage fertilizer every 7～10 days, add an amount of blade respiration inhibitor in the foliage fertilizer, keep 18～30 ℃ of temperature of shed during this period, relative moisture is 65～70%, the relative moisture 60-65% of matrix suitably adds bactericide during foliage-spray;
(5.2) when the root system of plugged ear grows from the nutrition cup sidewall, can utilize air to cut root or be completely cured in mobile nutrition cup position, when the root system length of plugged ear is to the seedbed, the mobile nutrition cup of palpus, and cut off end root by hand, when most of root system of plugged ear grows from the nutrition wall of cup, stop to spray of foliage fertilizer;
(5.3) hardening is to spring next year, and container seedling can go out the garden and carry out field-transplanting.
2. according to the described mating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (1), described seedbed bed surface width is 1-1.2 rice.
3. according to the described mating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (2), the diameter of described nutrition cup is 4～5cm, highly is 10～15cm.
4. according to the described mating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (3), the standard that described matrix nutrition cup is evenly put on the seedbed at interval is 320～350 every square metre, and the best standard of putting is 350 every square metre.
5. according to the described mating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described matrix nutrition cup, its rim of a cup middle position have the vertical cave nest of diameter 0.5cm, a degree of depth 4-5cm.
6. according to the described mating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (4.1), the optimum length of described plugged ear is 12cm.
7. according to the described mating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the top of described plugged ear stays 2-3 branch, and blade is left in the bottom.
8. according to the described mating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (5.1), described bactericide is agricultural streptomycin, or carbendazim, or fenaminosulf, or thiophanate-methyl, and several bactericide can use by turns.
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