CN101313656A - Light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation method for plants such as eucalyptus - Google Patents
Light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation method for plants such as eucalyptus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101313656A CN101313656A CNA2007100997195A CN200710099719A CN101313656A CN 101313656 A CN101313656 A CN 101313656A CN A2007100997195 A CNA2007100997195 A CN A2007100997195A CN 200710099719 A CN200710099719 A CN 200710099719A CN 101313656 A CN101313656 A CN 101313656A
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention provides a light substrate net bag container cuttage method for raising seedlings of plants such as eucalyptuses, etc. The method comprises the following steps that: cutting woods are cut from a cutting orchard, after the root inducing hormone treatment, the cutting woods are planted in the light substrate net bag container filled with light substrates, the container is moved to a seed bed with a spraying device for cultivation; and the cuttage seedlings after growing roots are subject to the seedling hardening and can be transplanted. Solid biomass of farming and forestry or solid biomass of industry which are used as materials are filled with high temperature reducing gases under the conditions of rotating and stirring so as to make the incomplete degradation of the biomass, and the light substrates are obtained; the light substrate net bag container are made in the pneumatic filling mode. The cuttage method for raising seedlings has the advantages of obviously improving the rooting ratio and the transplanting survival ratio of the cutting woods, particularly obviously improving the survival ratio of plants which are planted under sever conditions; moreover, the substrates of the invention use local materials, thereby the method also has the advantages of low comprehensive cost and easy promotion in production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetative propagation technique, specifically the plants such as eucalyptus light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation method.
Technical field
Eucalyptus is China's six big Forestry Engineerings, fast-growing and high-yield plantation engineering, one of important goods timber forest seeds.Be that China south is extensive, the main reproducting tree species of great development fast-growing and high-yield plantation.From at present, up to 2015, the seedling demand was more than 1,000,000,000 strains every year on average according to statistics.Mainly be to adopt at present, the red core soil container of artificial filling plastic sack, little shed, shade net, the cuttage and seedling culture method of manually spraying water is grown seedlings, and exists at labour intensity big, mechanization intensification degree is low, efficient is low, and the seedling root of cultivating is rolled up, root system is not sent out, weight is big, seedling transportation and cost of forestation height, and seedling-slowing stage is long, survival rate is low, and red core soil excavate the destruction ecotope.
Recent years, Xu Chuansen etc. was once with the light base material mesh bag container of development voluntarily, use the full light fog transplanting seedling nursing device, in eucalyptus and many reproducting tree species and various plants cuttage and seedling culture reproductive process, apply (" light base material mesh bag container full light fog transplanting seedling growing process and equipment ", forestry science and technology communication .2001No.8P.7-10, Xu Chuansen; Patent documentation " light base material mesh bag container machine ", patent No. ZL 02208506.8, and the designer is permitted to pass gloomy, Xu Yang; Patent documentation " the light base of full light fog transplanting is for the container nursery device " patent No.: ZL022461158.2, the designer is permitted to pass gloomy, Xu Yang, Meng Ping).
Yet, at present used light matrix requires the preparation of the multiple composition raw materials such as agricultural solid biomass of peat, vermiculite, perlite, coconut palm chaff and process lengthy fermentation, the preparation more complicated, the matrix prepared performance is understable, is easy to generate variation in seedling raising process.The agricultural solid biomass fermenting raw materials time is long, and floor space is big, and is easy to generate the liquids and gases with corrupt smell during the fermentation.Peat, vermiculite, perlite belongs to non-renewable resources, and especially peat is the main resource of wet land protection, and world's wet land protection pact and the multinational government that comprises the Chinese government have prohibited and have continued to excavate the peat resource.It is slow that " light base material mesh bag container machine " adopts screw rod to add the container machine speed of production of filling matrix, and it is meticulous that matrix granularity and fiber are ground, and bad in spraying cuttage process mesostroma gas permeability, water penetration, plugged ear is rotted easily, cuttage root-taking rate instability.When container seedling was transplanted, because matrix the inside fiber is ground, structure was bad, and the matrix of receptacle is fallen easily, loose easily.In addition, the comprehensive production cost height of container.Based on above-mentioned multiple reason, be difficult to large scale application in the production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of root survival height, plants such as eucalyptus light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation method that seedling cost is low.
The inventive method comprises step: clip is transplanted a cutting from cutting orchard, handle the back cuttage in the light base material mesh bag container that light matrix is housed with root-promoting hormone, and with container transfer to have the spraying facility the seedbed on cultivate, the cuttage seeding after taking root can be transplanted after hardening.
Above-mentioned cutting can be to adopt the spray of sprouting then on the fringe maternal plant with several pieces of blades, or at semi-lignified branch.
The light base material mesh bag container in back of transplanting a cutting can directly be put on the seedbed of spraying facility, perhaps preferably puts light base material mesh bag container special use and grows seedlings in the pallet.The special use pallet of growing seedlings is a kind ofly to have location hole, cave, bottom sprag to be arranged, can make somebody a mere figurehead the vinyl disc of putting.
Said seedbed with spraying facility can be common sunshade net, little arch canopy or the plastic greenhouse of Artificial Control spraying, water spray, and the seedbed of full light auto spraying cuttage and seedling culture device preferably is installed, and utilization full light fog transplanting seedling growing process is grown seedlings.When growing to chamber wall, root system begins to carry out air root relief, hardening.Can transplant after the hardening.
In the present invention, used light matrix is to utilize the agricultural solid biomass as raw material, feeds high-temperature reductibility gas under airtight stirring condition, make the incomplete cracking of living beings, obtain light matrix, the temperature of cracking is 250～380 ℃, and the cracking time is 10～60 minutes.Preferably the temperature of cracking is 320 ℃, and the cracking time is 30 minutes.Living beings can produce organic liquid and imflammable gas in cracking process, after the incomplete cracking, and biological particles color browning look, dark brown, biological particles and fiber also have certain degree of hardness.Above-mentioned high-temperature reductibility gas can be produced by timber or other material combustion.
Above-mentioned agricultural-forestry biomass comprises:
Described agricultural solid biomass comprises: rice husk, cotton stalk, wheat straw, maize straw, waste of flax, Cassava stalk, reed, the sunflower bar, the cogongrass stem, peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, corncob, the cotton shell, the shell pericarp of longan, the fruit stone pericarp of lichee, oil-tea camellia husks, the Chinese chestnut skin, babassu stem and leaf, the trees dry branches and fallen leaves, the pinecone, fruit tree is cut branch, bark, wood chip, the bamboo bits, the coconut palm chaff, in the coconut husk, the edible mushroom waste residue, the Chinese herbal medicine dregs of a decoction, bagasse, the bamboo pole waste residue, food factory's solid biomass waste material, the cotton fiber waste material, the flaxen fiber waste material, the wool fibre waste material, fermentation industry solid biomass waste material, ocean water product solid biomass waste material, paper mill waste paper screenings, wood-working factory's scoot, in the furfural mill corncob waste material one or more.
Preferably obtain by said method processing as raw material with rice husk, wood chip, bamboo bits, bark, bagasse, Cassava stalk.The present invention also further sieves above-mentioned light matrix, removed thick and meticulous particle, the matrix of 2 millimeters following granularities accounts for total matrix cumulative volume below 1/4, to guarantee the permeability (water penetration and gas permeability) of matrix, preferably, the granularity of light matrix is controlled between 2～6 millimeters.Light matrix should be carried out the desalination processing before use, and concrete method can be with the abundant drip washing of clear water.In addition, also can add an amount of slow-release fertilizer in matrix.
For the few light matrix of some fiber content, can in matrix, add small amount of fibers, as: add the agricultural-forestry biomass fiber as far as possible, the charcoal fiber, or mineral matter rock wool fibers, ceramic fibre, and chemical fibre etc., can not be scattered when transplanting to guarantee matrix, especially for diameter at the light base material mesh bag container more than 3 centimetres.
Light base material mesh bag container will be drenched with cleaning sprinkling irrigation water before the cuttage, and be produced runoff, reduces in the matrix because the concentration of the soluble-salt that insufficient cracking produces.
Material mesh bag container among the present invention can be produced by the mode of production of strength filler, guarantee that light matrix is uniformly dispersed in mesh bag, and, owing to there is not the effect of direct mechanical screws extruding force, make granularity, the fiber of matrix not have destroyed, matrix structure is good, comparatively loose, gas permeability, good water permeability.The mode of production of described pneumatic filler can be carried out with reference to the method for embodiment.
Above-mentioned light base material mesh bag container diameter is at 15～60 millimeters, and length is set on demand at any time, and for eucalyptus, best container diameter is at 30 millimeters, and length is at 100 millimeters.
Effect and meaning
Base starting material provided by the invention all is an agricultural solid biomass waste material, all is renewable resources, and raw material sources are extremely extensive.The light matrix that adopts industrial fast processing way to obtain, stable performance, especially matrix are between nursery stage, and the matrix physicochemical property is not easy to change.The matrix preparation is very simple, and a kind of single component or several composition mix can become good light seedling raising medium.Adopt the light base material mesh bag container of pneumatic production, the particle and the fiber of matrix are not worn, and receptacle matrix has good structure, and promptly loose breathing freely is not easy again to dissipate.Cuttage root-taking rate height, seedling cost is low.
Use cuttage and seedling culture method of the present invention, can significantly improve rooting rate, the transplanting survival rate of cutting, particularly significantly improve survival rate under abominable land occupation condition.In addition, matrix of the present invention can be gathered materials on the spot, and integrated cost is low, promotes easily in the production.
The enforcement of the inventive method, will produce great change to the eucalyptus cuttage and seedling culture production of the annual strain more than 1,000,000,000 in the present whole nation, will greatly promote China's eucalyptus seedling production development, also will produce material impact, be with a wide range of applications to reproducting tree species such as China firs and to fruit tree, flowers, vegetables and green tree species cuttage and seedling culture.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of strength filler mesh bag production system structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the segment system architecture schematic diagram of strength filler mesh bag production system;
Fig. 3 is the rotary unloading device structural representation of strength filler mesh bag production system;
Fig. 4 is a kind of Integrated Processing Unit of producing light matrix.
Among the figure, 1 hopper, 2 rotary unloading devices, 3 gas material mixing chambers, 4 pressure gas sources, 5 air inlet pipe, 6 feed pipes, 7 volume dampers, 8 hand-operated valves, 9 container formation devices, 10 electric heating involution devices, 11 pressure rollers, 12 threeway casings, 13 front end imports, 14 back outlet, 15 central exits, 16 tubular grid nets, 17,18 pressure sensors, 19 dust catchers, 20 bunchers, 22 mesh bag reels, 23 guiding rods, 27 high speed rotating motors, 28 sensor wheels, 29 rotating blades, 30 electric machine speed regulation tables, 31 compress guide wheel, 35 blades, 41 combustion furnaces, 42 ash-falling chamber, 43 burner hearths, 44 grates, 45 air inlets, 46 fan blowers, 47 tangent line blast pipes, 48 pipes, 90,91,92 water jackets, 50,41 agitators, 42,53 central shafts, 54 airtight covers, 55 rotary unloading devices, 56 manhole covers, 57 flange gas outlets, 58 screw rod dischargers, 59 temperature sensors, 60 condenser pipes, 61 knockout drums, 62 surge tanks, 63 spiral shell thatch pumps, 64 purify isolator, 65 gas storage holders, 66 observation windows.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 strength filling method is made light base material mesh bag container
So-called strength filler mode is made light base material mesh bag container, in fact is meant by gas transporting material (light matrix) in the continuous material mesh bag container that is shaped, and obtains single material mesh bag container through segment again after allowing.Specifically can use following " pneumatic continuous process system " produces.
Comprise strength feed system, material mesh bag container moulding and heat sealing system, can and dust pelletizing system, trailer system, control system and rolling system.
As shown in Figure 1, the strength feed system, comprise hopper 1, be positioned at rotary unloading device 2, the buncher 20 of driven in rotation blanking device 2, gas material mixing chamber 3, pressure gas source 4 under the hopper 1, the upper end open and the rotary unloading device 2 of described gas material mixing chamber 3 join, lower end and feed pipe 6 join, lower end at gas material mixing chamber 3 or rotary unloading device 2 joins with pressure gas source 4 by an air inlet pipe 5, is provided with a volume damper 7 on described air inlet pipe;
Material mesh bag container moulding and heat sealing system, comprise container formation device 9, electric heating involution device 10, mesh bag reel 22 and the guiding rod 23 that cooperates with it, container formation device 9 is positioned at the outer wall of feed pipe 6, the material mesh bag container material enters 9 moulding of material mesh bag container former through the guiding of guiding rod, it is rolled into tubular bag quilt in the outer wall of feed pipe 6 with the material mesh bag container material, electric heating involution device 9 will wrap by good container Heat Sealing, also be provided with a pressure roller 11 in the back of electric heating involution device 9, pressure roller 11 can be with the further compacting of container after the heat-sealing;
Can and dust pelletizing system, comprise threeway casing 12, threeway casing 12 has front end import 13, back outlet 14 and central exit 15, be provided with tubular grid net 16 in it, feed pipe 6 extend into the tubular grid net 16 from the front end import 13 of threeway casing 12, and light matrix is filled in the material mesh bag container in grid net 16, and sends from back outlet 14, respectively be provided with a pressure sensor 17,18 at the two ends of can place, the central exit 15 of threeway casing and a dust catcher 19 join; Be provided with the soft seal cover between feed pipe 6 and the threeway casing front end import 13 and between good light base material mesh bag container of can and the back outlet 14, pass through to reduce gas.
Trailer system comprises buncher 20 and by the traction conveyer belt of its drive, for material mesh bag container provides walking power;
Control system, on threeway casing 12, be provided with control instrument 32, its buncher 20 with pressure sensor 18,19, volume damper 7 and trailer system links to each other, and regulates the ventilation of volume damper 7 and the rotating speed of buncher 20 by the signal that pressure sensor 18,19 sends.
It after the trailer system quick segment system, as shown in Figure 2, described quick segment system comprises the sensor 27 of measuring light base material mesh bag container walking length, high speed rotating motor 28 and by the rotating blade 29 of its drive, the sensor control rotating blade of the light base material mesh bag container walking of described measurement length cuts into light base material mesh bag container the segment of certain-length, sensor in this example is a sensor wheel, it rotates along with the walking of material mesh bag container, thus the walking length of measuring vessel.
Also be provided with electric machine speed regulation table 30 in the segment system, can check and control rotating speed of motor, hold down gag also is set before rotating blade 29, it comprises and can compress guide wheel 31 around what central shaft rotated.
Wet segment method is: container is drawn the speed governing conveyer belt, draws in the process that enters on the sensor wheel by system front end, draws in the process that enters on the sensor wheel, and a cylinder type sparge pipe is arranged, and container passes from pipe.The sparge pipe inwall has a lot of spray orifices, and the water that sprays from spray orifice enters in the material mesh bag container matrix.Also have water tank simultaneously, screen pack is connected with sparge pipe with water pump, and water circulation is used.Container after the segment adopts programme controlled electromechanical integrated device by one, with the container Automatic Code in the pallet of growing seedlings.Perhaps with artificial sign indicating number in the pallet of growing seedlings.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of rotary unloading device among the present invention, light matrix at the uniform velocity blanking under the rotation of blade 35, because the sealing function of blade 35, gas can not spill from rotary unloading device 2.
Can produce the material mesh bag container of suitable size by said method, and, gas fills because driving light matrix, the particle of matrix and fiber are not forced to extruding, fragmentation, and matrix carried out the inspiration dust removal process, therefore degree of tightness is suitable between the matrix, even structure, good permeability is difficult for ponding.
2 one kinds of devices (Integrated Processing Unit) that are used to prepare the light matrix of the present invention of embodiment
Described device comprises combustion system and cracking system and organic liquid gathering system, imflammable gas gathering system.
Combustion system comprises combustion furnace 41, combustion furnace 41 comprises ash-falling chamber 42 and burner hearth 43, ash-falling chamber 42 is positioned at the orlop of combustion furnace 41, be provided with mobilizable grate 44 between ash-falling chamber 42 and the burner hearth 43, ash-falling chamber's 42 sidewalls are provided with air inlet 45, and air inlet 45 links to each other with fan blower 46, and 4 pairs of tangent line blast pipes 47 are installed in the described burner hearth 43, the sidewall of burner hearth 43 is provided with 42 temperature sensors 59 and 2 openable observation windows, can observe and transfers material in the stove.At the pipe 48 that 4 different directions in burner hearth 43 also are installed on the furnace wall, manage the sealing of 48 outer ends, can open in case of necessity, with the material in the iron staff stirring burner hearth 43; The body of heater of combustion furnace is that metal material is made, and the body of heater skin is provided with water jacket 90, and internal layer posts one deck refractory material, and refractory material can be repaired by observation window 66;
Cracking system comprises pyrolysis furnace, agitator pyrolysis furnace 40 is housed on the central shaft, agitator 51 is installed in the pyrolysis furnace 40, agitator 51 is driven by reducing motor 52, agitator 51 central shafts 53 are hollow pipe, there is airtight cover 54 at two ends, can pass to cooling water, the Lower Half sidewall of pyrolysis furnace 50 also has jacket structure for water 91, be the double-layer water jacket structure in this example, pyrolysis furnace 50 tops are provided with rotary unloading device 55, manhole cover 56, flange gas outlet 57, its underpart are provided with screw rod discharger 58, screw rod discharger 58 also possesses jacket structure for water 92, and the bottom of pyrolysis furnace and combustion furnace 41 join by flange.On the outer wall of pyrolysis furnace 50, also be provided with 3 temperature sensors 49 and observe the maintenance window; Described agitator is the double-spiral structure agitator of similar agitator;
The organic liquid gathering system, this system comprises condenser pipe 60, the knockout drum 61 that links to each other with condenser pipe 60, condenser pipe 60 upper ends link to each other with the flange gas outlet 57 of pyrolysis furnace by pipeline, the gas that produces in the pyrolysis furnace enters condenser pipe 60 by flange gas outlet 57, obtain organic liquid after condensation, incondensible imflammable gas then enters the imflammable gas gathering system and obtains collection through knockout drum 61.
Described imflammable gas gathering system comprises surge tank 62, spiral shell thatch pump 63, purification isolator 64 and the gas storage holder 65 that links to each other with pipeline, and imflammable gas is obtaining enrichment in gas storage holder 65 after purifying.
Be the method for work that example illustrates this device below with the wood sawdust
The wood sawdust that 1. will contain wooden unit, wood chip is packed into by the rotary unloading device in insufficient drum-type pyrolysis furnace, and volume of material is a device volume 2/3.
2. the combustion gasification stove of dry firewood being packed into
(2) combustion gasification, incomplete cracking temperature control procedure
Firewood in the ignition combustion stove is opened fan blower adjusting air quantity and is made the abundant oxidizing fire of firewood.When needing supply after the dried firewood burning reduces in the stove, suitably reduce the blow rate required, the material of cracking system the inside is in rotation, whipping process, and the small part material can be fallen in the combustion furnace.Because stove hall inwall has thicker refractory material, the stove hall keeps higher temperature, makes the wood sawdust of falling in the combustion furnace gasification that burns away.Burning produces red-hot high-temperature gas, behind the reduction zone of stove top, enter in the pyrolysis furnace, the local material of contact, be heated, intensification, cracking.In time rotate, stir, local heated material is through after mixing, the fast reduction of material temperature speed, even at 100 ℃ below the degree.
In the burning and the industrial production control process of cracking, by control, the material quantity of combustion furnace is controlled intake, accurately control within 320 temperature ranges.This temperature, the solid material loss is little, and equipment attrition is little.About 320 degree, wood chip, color browning look, dark brown, biological particles and fiber also have certain degree of hardness.The stability of matrix is better.30 minutes cracking time.
(3) the light host solid collection of sawdust, cleaning system.
The sawdust discarded object has generated the light matrix primary product of similar high moor peat after half thermal cracking, stirring, homogeneous device back warp are crossed uniform temperature and certain long time treatment.Temperature during discharging is controlled at about 250 degree, after screw rod is released material, multiple processing method is arranged.Such as, put into an amount of tank, water logging rapidly.Because temperature is higher, the tripotassium salt that contains in the matrix (potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, potash) is dissolved in the water very soon, and after filtering, fluid temperature is higher, and evaporation is very fast, reduces with temperature, becomes all over-fed solution, wherein tripotassium salt respectively Crystallization Separation come out.Surplus solution contains sylvite and organic matter, can make fertilizer after stirring with soil.The residue solution also can heating evaporation, evaporates last solid, and main component is a sylvite.
Sawdust matrix after the discharging can not soaked yet, after the cooling, the pack but it should be noted that such matrix soluble-salt content height, be that the EC value is high, the pH value is high, notes various matrix components proportionings when container production, simultaneously after the container segment, before growing seedlings, fully trickle makes the EC value, and pH value and sprinkling irrigation water are together.
(4) organic liquid
Wood sawdust produces multiple organic matter through incomplete thermal cracking.Wherein, the liquid through the condenser pipe cooling produces contains pyroligneous liquor, multiple organic matter such as tar.These multiple organic matters can be professional factory and supply raw materials, or through deep processing, produce product of higher value.For the processing of organic liquid, existing at present a lot of mature technique.
(5) imflammable gas
Wood sawdust produces multiple organic matter through incomplete thermal cracking, wherein outside the liquid that the condenser pipe cooling produces, contains large amount of organic gas in addition, can make biomass fuel through purified treatment.Or the treated industrial chemicals of doing, this respect has a lot of mature technologies.
Can produce light matrix of the present invention by said apparatus,, can suitably adjust cracking temperature and time according to the character of different material, thus acquired good light matrix of fine quality.Present experimental result is at 250～380 ℃, and the time was relatively more suitable cracking condition at 10～60 minutes.
The light base material mesh bag container full light fog transplanting of embodiment 3 eucalyptus DH201-2 clones cuttage and seedling culture
Eucalyptus DH201-2 clone is that south produces the upward living eucalyptus of a kind of speed of the cuttage and seedling culture of big face cuttage at present, can buy at forest seedling group training center, ZhangZhou, Fujian.
The plugged ear source: plugged ear is living cutting orchard from 2 years, selects robust growth, does not have damage by disease and insect, thickness than consistent spray substantially.Cutting orchard is after transplanting by the 201-2 tissue cultivating seedling, to build up through the childrenization management.
Cutting medium raw material: rice husk
Contrast: peat: perlite
Matrix treatments: with rice husk, utilize the Integrated Processing Unit of embodiment 2 to handle before the cuttage, half cracking temperature is controlled at 320 degree, 40 minutes time.Through above-mentioned processing, raw material becomes light brown, sifts out greater than the foreign material of the above granularity of 8mm and the part material less than the 2mm granularity.
Add 3 kilograms of composite slow release fertilizer according to every cubic metre of matrix, after stirring, the light base material mesh bag container of the long tubular of " pneumatic continuous process system " output with embodiment 1 cuts out single light base material mesh bag container for plant growth again.
The specification of container and putting: container diameter 3cm, high 10cm.Container is put light base material mesh bag container special use and is grown seedlings in the pallet, then pallet is come on the full light auto spraying cuttage and seedling culture device seedbed, sterilize with 0.3% potassium permanganate, the spraying of unlatching sprayer unit, spraying was not less than 2 hours continuously, it is permeable that container is fully watered, and washes off because some soluble-salt ions that half cracking produces.
Cuttage and seedling culture: fetch the plugged ear of long 10cm early morning from cutting orchard, the fringe bar keeps 4-5 blade, the base portion otch adopts truncation, and the fringe bar soaks 10min with 1200 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, and base portion dips in indolebutyric acid 800mg/kg (with talcum powder furnishing pasty state) 3cm during cuttage.
Plugged ear adopts the straight cutting method: the preceding light base material mesh bag container of cuttage punches with the stainless steel bar of Φ 4mm, and plugged ear is slotting down along the hole, degree of depth 3cm.To the plugged ear water spray, make blade maintain the globule in the cuttage process, promptly put on the full light fog transplanting seedbed after inserting.Connect full light fog transplanting blade face moisture content controller power supply, adjust the control setting and carry out the auto spraying management by sensor.
The cutting of band blade before the seedbed, keep that blade is fresh does not wilt in cuttage always, should be before the sun comes out the branch of clip be put into the spraying and moisturizing of scattering on the full sunshine and spray slotting machine.Also otherwise stop watering to the blade face and preserve moisture, bed surface, instrument, hand, footwear all will be sterilized in the cuttage process in cutting.The accurate each spray time of control makes spraying only make blade moistening and reduce as far as possible and do not produce runoff.Two suspended walls only rotate 180 °～360 ° during the each rotating spraying of two cantilevers.
Bactericide and fertilizer spraying method: will spray bactericide several times weekly after the cuttage, preferably several bactericide use by turns.Such as: press operation instructions dosage, or spray the spray tpn, or spray carbendazim or spray bordeaux mixture, or spray fenaminosulf, be used alternatingly.Generally be, stop spraying evening before, bactericide converted be put in the cylinder, be sprayed onto on the bed surface with immersible pump again.Also to regularly execute foliage fertilizer, composite fertilizer's increase branch nutrition after the cuttage, improve rooting rate, improve the disease resistance ability.Each spraying concentration is no more than 2/1000ths.No matter be that pesticide grown or fertilizer should be made phytotoxicity test earlier.Several days of growing seedlings after insert in the too strong place of illumination of full light fog transplanting should add shading net, such as Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian and other places.Especially cuttage root last stage during the full light fog transplanting, when solar irradiation is strong, will be with the suitable shading of sunshade net above the slotting machine, the blade of avoiding transplanting a cutting is burnt by sunburst.
Management main points: the spraying in the whole cuttage process: (before taking root) moisture is peaceful how not few in earlier stage, and mid-term, (before the air root relief) was neither too much nor too little, and the later stage (root is long to chamber wall, the line space of going forward side by side gas root relief) is peaceful few not many.Band leaf epicormic branch cuttage is easier than lignification rooting of cuttings, but spray does not often wait until when taking root and just rotted that preventing to rot is the key technology of spray full light fog transplanting.
Control measures: first three day, stopped daytime 1-2 minute, sprayed 15 seconds, injection spray pipe rotates 180～360 °.Spray in 1 hour evening once.Later on blanking time can proper extension, the time that stops can be transferred to about 10 minutes after 6 days, in the cuttage root-taking later stage, can spray one inferior in 30 minutes.
Eucalyptus 201 clones sent out roots in more than 20 day, and process exercise in seedling stage and air are completely cured and are bred the container commercial seedling again.During exercise and the air root relief, also container seedling can be shifted out from full light seedbed, regularly spray with simple fixed mini sprinkler, the seedbed of vacating is the cuttage next group again.The hardening time is about 30 days.
The air root relief:
Behind eucalyptus 90% cuttage rooting, enter hardening air root relief management phase.Light base material mesh bag container is because ventilative, permeable, the saturating root of mesh bag material, do not hinder root growth, under spray condition, air humidity is big, root system is easy on the lenient side, and the base material mesh bag container sidewall grows, when major part cutting root system will in time stop spraying when wall grows, when at this moment dry air flows through between the container space, wilt withered from the young tender tip of a root that the container sidewall length goes out.Promoted the growth of lateral root.Through the processing of being completely cured of 1～2 air, the lateral root of container matrix the inside become progression to increase and and the matrix weave in form whippy root ball.Should on slotting machine, set up waterproof when in air is completely cured process, running into the rainy day and mould cloth, be preferably in the seedbed or above the full light slotting machine the rainproof overlay that can draw at any time is installed, during root relief, can not allow rainwater water container.Will point out that also the root that bears under spray condition much is a water root, the root hair is few, after being completely cured and practicing seedling by air, and the root strong stress resistance that grows.Container side wall, and break the long tip of a root to chamber wall as being completely cured by air by the control measures of being completely cured in the bottom, thereby urge to have given birth to a large amount of lateral root growths, be completely cured repeatedly and can urge to give birth to more lateral root several times, thus the container seedling root quantity of cultivating with light base material mesh bag container seedling growing process significantly increases, its root quantity is present other container seedling root quantity ten times to tens of times more than.So the plastic seeding culturing tray bottom has the post container bottom root system also can be by the air root relief because light base material mesh bag container special use is grown seedlings.Between the material mesh bag container above the seedling-cultivating tray, the gap is bigger, and root system is difficult for penetrating mutually.
Through the container seedling after being completely cured, the root growth freedom, unfold, not winding, do not curl, root growth is near the growth conditions of nature.
Because the root system of receptacle is grown under ventilative environmental condition all the time, near long root system chamber wall is ingress of air all the time, especially in air hardening process, often be under the dry adverse circumstances, root system obtains taking exercise in process of growth, and sturdy strong, the drought-resistant anti-ridge of the root growth of container side wall and receptacle is thin, strong stress resistance.
Cuttage 45d " Invest, Then Investigate ": average rooting rate 90%, average about 10 of the quantity of taking root, average 6 centimetres of root length.Transplanting survival rate is more than 95%.
Two kinds of matrix are to the no significant difference of influence of taking root.But in two kinds of matrix, the integrated cost height of the light base material mesh bag container that 1 part+perlite of peat is 1 part is 6 times of the integrated costs of the light base material mesh bag container of rice husk of insufficient cracking.
Eucalyptus cuttage and seedling culture with this method is produced has significantly improved rooting rate, especially significantly improves Eucalyptus Forestation survival rate under abominable land occupation condition.Integrated cost reduces greatly.
The light base material mesh bag container full light fog transplanting of embodiment 4 eucalyptus U6 clones cuttage and seedling culture
Eucalyptus U6 clone is the living eucalyptus of a kind of speed that area, the Lezhou Peninsula, present Guangdong Province produces the cuttage and seedling culture of going up big face cuttage.Can buy at forest seedling group training center, ZhangZhou, Fujian.
The plugged ear source: plugged ear is living cutting orchard from 2 years, selects robust growth, does not have damage by disease and insect, thickness than consistent spray substantially.Cutting orchard is after transplanting by tissue cultivating seedling, to build up through the childrenization management.
Cutting medium raw material: wood chip
Contrast: high moor peat, and thin peat grain is screened out with 3 mm sieve mesh screens branches as far as possible.
Matrix treatments: with wood chip, utilize the Integrated Processing Unit of embodiment 2 to handle before the cuttage, insufficient cracking temperature is controlled at about 320 degree, 40 minutes time.Through above-mentioned processing, raw material becomes light brown, sifts out greater than the foreign material of the above granularity of 8mm and the part material less than the 2mm granularity.
Add 3 kilograms of composite slow release fertilizer according to every cubic metre of matrix, after stirring, the light base material mesh bag container of the long tubular of " pneumatic continuous process system " output with embodiment 1 cuts out single light base material mesh bag container for plant growth again.
The specification of container and putting: container diameter 3cm, high 10cm..Container is put on the seedbed of little arch canopy, sunshade net, is equipped with fixedly mini sprinkler on the seedbed and opens the control of spraying with manual valve.Put on the seedbed, with the sterilization of 0.3% potassium permanganate, open the sprayer unit spraying, spraying was not less than 2 hours continuously, and it is permeable that container is fully watered, and washes off because some soluble-salt ions that half cracking produces.
Cuttage and seedling culture: fetch the plugged ear of long 10cm early morning from cutting orchard, the fringe bar keeps 4-5 blade, the base portion otch adopts truncation, and the fringe bar soaks 10min with 1200 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, and base portion dips in indolebutyric acid 800mg/kg (with talcum powder furnishing pasty state) 3cm during cuttage.
Plugged ear adopts the straight cutting method: the preceding light base material mesh bag container of cuttage punches with the stainless steel bar of Φ 4mm, and plugged ear is slotting down along the hole, degree of depth 3cm.To the plugged ear water spray, make blade maintain the globule in the cuttage process, build little shed and sunshade net after inserting, carry out Artificial Control spraying management.
The management main points: close with the full light fog transplanting management expectancy, only Artificial Control spraying.Labour intensity is very big, and the blade of transplanting a cutting is wilted easily, and the contrast full light fog transplanting is transplanted a cutting and also rotted easily.As long as blade is not wilted, the cutting without putrefaction sent out roots in about more than 20 days in the cuttage process, and process exercise in seedling stage and air are completely cured and are bred the container commercial seedling again.
White silk seedling, air root relief time are about 30 days.Because container is directly put on bed surface, is close between the container, root system penetrates mutually easily, or root system is long to the seedbed soil the inside, therefore, and when finding that root system will penetrate mutually, except wanting timely air root relief, also want regular mobile containers seedling, in order to avoid root system length is in seedbed soil.
The air root relief: but the management of reference example 3.
Cuttage 45d " Invest, Then Investigate ": average rooting rate 80%, average about 8 of the quantity of taking root, average 5 centimetres of root length.
Two kinds of matrix are to the no significant difference of influence of taking root.But in two kinds of matrix, the integrated cost height of the light base material mesh bag container of peat is 10 times of the integrated costs of the light base material mesh bag container of wood chip of insufficient cracking.
The cuttage and seedling culture of the light base material mesh bag container of embodiment 5 China firs
Light matrix material and processing:
Select the light base starting material of bark for use, with the light matrix of Integrated Processing Unit production of embodiment 2, insufficient cracking temperature is controlled at 340 degree, 40 minutes time, through screening, the matrix of 2 millimeters following granularities is wherein removed as far as possible then, a large amount of fibers are contained in bark matrix the inside.In the matrix the inside, add an amount of slow-release fertilizer.The light matrix of producing so promptly can be used as the China fir cuttage with the light matrix of light base material mesh bag container.
Light base material mesh bag container with the pneumatic continuous process system production of the light base material mesh bag container of embodiment 1.
Light base material mesh bag container specification is about 4.5 centimetres of diameters, the light base material mesh bag container that length is 10 centimetres.Drenches repeatedly with cleaning sprinkling irrigation water before the cuttage, and produce runoff, the concentration of the more soluble-salt of content in the reduction bark matrix.
Light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation
Adopt full optical haze technology that cuttage seeding is cultivated.In plant vigorous growth season,, there is the spray of terminal bud in the generation with several pieces of blades that clip is sprouted then from the tree of cutting orchard or from the strong branch of growing way, or cut bar at half wooden place, 10 centimetres of cutting length, needn't use HORMONE TREATMENT, cuttage is in the light base material mesh bag container that light matrix is housed then, and full light fog transplanting is grown seedlings on the bed.Adopt full light fog transplanting to grow seedlings and significantly improved rooting rate, rooting rate reaches more than 90%.Management reference example 3.
Practice seedling, packing, transportation, replanting system, carry out with prior art.
The cuttage and seedling culture of the light base material mesh bag container of embodiment 6 tomatoes
Light matrix material and processing: select the light base starting material of straw for use, the light matrix of Integrated Processing Unit production of use-case 2, insufficient cracking temperature is controlled at 300 degree, 30 minutes time.In the matrix the inside, add an amount of slow-release fertilizer.The matrix of producing so promptly can be used as the tomato cuttage with the light matrix of light base material mesh bag container.
Container: the pneumatic continuous process system of light base material mesh bag container with embodiment 1 is produced light base material mesh bag container.Light base material mesh bag container specification is about 4.5 centimetres of diameters, the light base material mesh bag container that length is 5 centimetres.Produce runoff, the concentration of soluble-salt in the reduction matrix with the cleaning sprinkling irrigation water ， And that drenches before the light base material mesh bag container, cuttage.
Cuttage and seedling culture:
Adopt common seedbed cuttage and seedling culture to cultivate.In plant vigorous growth season, strong from growing way, have on a certain fruit shape and the brightly painted tomato maternal plant, adopt bar.The branch of 2 to 4 pieces of blades of clip band, Da Ye cut half, and cuttage and has been placed in it on the shed seedbed to the light base material mesh bag container that light matrix is housed in then, and the Artificial Control water spray was promptly taken root in about 10 days, practice seedling after, transplanting in 40 days.Rooting rate reaches more than 95%.Because unslow seedling after material mesh bag container is transplanted is so can transplant by the seville orange flower flower bud.
The cuttage of the light base material mesh bag container of embodiment 7 Chinese roses is educated
Light matrix material and processing: light base starting material is selected waste material of edible mushroom for use, and insufficient cracking temperature is controlled at 380 degree, between the time 30 minutes.With the light matrix of integrated conduct method production of the light matrix of agricultural-forestry biomass production, through screening, the matrix of 2 millimeters following granularities is wherein removed as far as possible, in the matrix the inside, add an amount of slow-release fertilizer.Add an amount of fiber, the weight of the fiber of interpolation is 1/10 of light matrix weight.The light matrix of producing so promptly can be used as the Chinese rose cuttage with the light matrix of light base material mesh bag container.
Container: the pneumatic continuous process system of light base material mesh bag container with embodiment 1 is produced light base material mesh bag container.Light base material mesh bag container specification is about 4 centimetres of diameters, and the light base material mesh bag container that length is 5 centimetres is drenched repeatedly with cleaning sprinkling irrigation water before the cuttage, produces runoff repeatedly, the concentration of the higher soluble-salt of content in the reduction matrix.
Cuttage and seedling culture method: adopt the full light fog transplanting seedling-cultivating method, concrete management method reference example 3.Transplanted after practicing seedling in 40 days after the cuttage, rooting rate is more than 85%.
Claims (10)
1, the light base material mesh bag container seedling-cultivating method of a kind of plants such as eucalyptus, comprise the steps: that clip is transplanted a cutting from cutting orchard, handle the back cuttage in the light base material mesh bag container that light matrix is housed with root-promoting hormone, and with container transfer to have the spraying facility the seedbed on cultivate, cuttage seeding after taking root can be transplanted after hardening, described light matrix is as raw material with the agricultural solid biomass, under airtight rotation and/or stirring condition, feed high-temperature reductibility gas, the incomplete cracking of living beings is obtained, the temperature of cracking is 250～380 ℃, and the cracking time is 10～60 minutes.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described light base material mesh bag container is to use the mode of strength filler to manufacture.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described light base material mesh bag container is produced by " pneumatic continuous process system ".
4, cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described have the spraying facility be can Artificial Control water spray the seedbed that sunshade net, little shed are arranged or have the green house seedbed of equipment of sprinkler irrigation, sunshade net or the seedbed of full light auto spraying cuttage and seedling culture device be installed.
5, cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described light matrix is also carried out desalination before use and handled.
6, as claim 1 a described method, it is characterized in that, put container on the pallet of growing seedlings and transfer to have the spraying facility the seedbed on cultivate.
7, the method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described agricultural solid biomass discarded object is selected from: rice husk, cotton stalk, wheat straw, maize straw, waste of flax, Cassava stalk, reed, the sunflower bar, the cogongrass stem, peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, corncob, the cotton shell, the shell pericarp of longan, the fruit stone pericarp of lichee, oil-tea camellia husks, the Chinese chestnut skin, babassu stem and leaf, the trees dry branches and fallen leaves, the pinecone, fruit tree is cut branch, bark, wood chip, the bamboo bits, the coconut palm chaff, in the coconut husk, the edible mushroom waste residue, the Chinese herbal medicine dregs of a decoction, bagasse, the bamboo pole waste residue, food factory's solid biomass waste material, the cotton fiber waste material, the flaxen fiber waste material, the wool fibre waste material, fermentation industry solid biomass waste material, ocean water product solid biomass waste material, paper mill waste paper screenings, wood-working factory's scoot, in the furfural mill corncob waste material one or more.
As each described method of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that 8, this method also comprises sieves light matrix, removes thick and meticulous light matrix, make the matrix of 2 millimeters following granularities account for total matrix cumulative volume below 1/4.
9, as each described method of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that, also comprise and in light matrix, add an amount of slow-release fertilizer.
10, as each described method of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that, also comprise and in light matrix, add an amount of fiber.
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