CN103229647B - Method for propagating Taxus madia nursery stocks - Google Patents
Method for propagating Taxus madia nursery stocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN103229647B CN103229647B CN201310139274.4A CN201310139274A CN103229647B CN 103229647 B CN103229647 B CN 103229647B CN 201310139274 A CN201310139274 A CN 201310139274A CN 103229647 B CN103229647 B CN 103229647B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for propagating Taxus madia nursery stocks. The method comprises the steps of (1) preparing a sterile fine-sand seed bed and setting up a shading shed; (2) mixing turf with perlite in the proportion of 6:4 to prepare matrix nutrition cups; (3) matrix nutrition cups are evenly spaced and placed on the seed bed and sterilized fully; (4) selecting branches of Taxus madia plants of three to four year olds in spring or in autumn for cuttage in nutrition cups; and (5) keeping the temperature of the seed bed to be within a range of 18-30 DEG C and the humidity to be 65-70%, spraying foliage fertilizer for the first time after 9-10 days, spraying the foliage fertilizer once every 7-10 days during the fast-growing period of nursery stocks, cutting roots by air or breaking roots through movement of nutrition cups, stopping spraying the foliage fertilizer when most of roots grow, and then hardening seedlings till the next spring to conduct large field transplantation. According to the method, propagated Taxus madia nursery stock roots are balanced, neat and robust, the rate of survival exceed 96%, the seedling rate exceed 95%, the survival rate of transplanting can achieve 98%, and industrialized production can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mating system of plant nursery stock, what be specifically related to is the mating system of Taxus x media nursery stock.
Background technology
The medical value of Chinese yew and economic worth thereof are very high, belong to again world rare and endangered species, be worth to save these species and making full use of it, people have carried out the seedling-wood breeding research of Chinese yew, and such as publication number is that the Chinese patent that Chinese patent discloses one " method of taxus chinensis in northeast pierre ", publication number is CN 101663946A that Chinese patent discloses one " the breeding and seedling method of Chinese yew ", publication number is CN 101982050A of CN1711826A discloses one " cuttage breeding method of taxus chinensis in northeast " etc.In published method, cuttage and seedling culture is the basis of this seedling-wood breeding, and its common feature is cultivated on medium of seedling bed by cuttings cuttage, grows after 1 year, goes out bareroot seedling season in spring and autumn two and transplants.The seedling-wood breeding method of known relevant Taxus x media is also so substantially.Said method serves good effect to redemption Chinese yew species, but not ideal enough on a large amount of breeding effects of Chinese yew.Experiment proves, the seedling-wood breeding method of existing Taxus x media exists following not enough: seedlings root depauperation, and survival rate only has 85%, outplanting rate is no more than 80%, bareroot seedling transplanting survival rate only has about 60%, and as bad climate, survival rate is even lower than 40%.Trace it to its cause for: (1) fibrous root is more flourishing because Taxus x media main root is not obvious, its fibrous root dense growth tiny transparence root hair, root hair very easily inactivation, and prior art needs nursery stock to excavate out when outplanting, in lifting, transport, field planting process, inevitably cause certain injury to root system, nature can reduce planting survival rate and current increment like this; (2) cuttage seeding root system grows always in matrix or natural conditions soil, cannot abundant ingress of air, and the phenomenon that root system development is uneven, length is uneven, root cap is not positive is very general, have influence on the quality of transplant, after transplanting, the seedling-slowing stage time is long, and growing way is weak, and biological yield is few; (3) be subject to seasonal restrictions by transplanting, can only transplant in spring and autumn, to afforest or to build time in garden short, can not transplant on a large scale, be unfavorable for scale, factorial praluction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the mating system proposing a kind of Taxus x media nursery stock, the above-mentioned deficiency existing for existing Yew cuttage mating system can be overcome.
The technical scheme realizing above-mentioned purpose is: the mating system of a kind of Taxus x media nursery stock, carries out in the steps below:
(1) preparation in seedbed
Build the cool canopy of about 2 meters height, ensure that obscurity is 70 ~ 75%, in canopy, seedbed parallel interval, has drain ditch, and there is the aseptic fine sand of 5-10 cm thick on top layer, seedbed;
(2) preparation of matrix and process
By volume get the peat composed of rotten mosses 6 parts, perlite 4 parts, as the matrix of cuttings after abundant mixing, then in matrix, add the phosphate fertilizer of its gross weight 0.5% and appropriate N, K chemical fertilizer, water spray mixes and stirs again, add the carbendazim dilution sterilizing of 800 ~ 1000 times simultaneously, make its relative moisture reach 60 ~ 65%, load in the nutrition cup of degradable nonwoven fabrics material, becoming matrix nutrition cup, is finally that nutrition cup surface squirts by the copperas solution of 0.5% by concentration;
(3) the putting of matrix nutrition cup
Being placed in by matrix nutrition cup uniform intervals on the seedbed described in step (1), is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.4% carries out pasteurised completely in cool canopy by concentration;
(4) cuttings selects process and cuttage
(4.1) spring or autumn, select the healthy and strong branch in plant top that Taxus x media 3-4 is raw, make cuttings with the branch of truncation method sheared length 11 ~ 13cm, cuttings branch will be demanded perfection lignification, even thickness, and clip flat smooth, avoids cut, broken skin;
(4.2) in concentration be 200mg/L indolebutyric acid+methyl α-naphthyl acetate built agent in add suitable amount of sucrose and potassium sorbate preservative, add yellow mud in built agent, stir into denseer yellow mud, then cuttings dips in slurry;
(4.3) dip in the cuttings cuttage of slurry in the matrix nutrition cup described in step (3), in a matrix nutrition cup, a cuttings, is container seedling, irrigates plastic film on normal root water bonnet;
(5) nursery bed management
(5.1) seedling bed temperature 18 ~ 30 DEG C is kept, relative moisture 65 ~ 70%, remove plastic film after 9 ~ 10 days and do first time Foliar Spraying, then in whole nursery stock Fast-growing stage, a foliage fertilizer was sprayed every 7 ~ 10 days, add appropriate blade respiration inhibitor in foliage fertilizer, keep temperature of shed 18 ~ 30 DEG C during this period, relative moisture is 65 ~ 70%, the relative moisture 60-65% of matrix, suitably adds bactericide during foliage-spray;
(5.2) when the root system of cuttings grows from nutrition cup sidewall, air can be utilized to cut root or be completely cured in mobile nutrition cup position, when the root system of cuttings grows on seedbed, the mobile nutrition cup of palpus, and cut off end root by hand, when most of root system of cuttings grows from nutrition wall of cup, stop spraying of foliage fertilizer;
(5.3) hardening is to spring next year, and container seedling can go out garden and carry out field-transplanting.
In step (1), described seedbed bed surface width is 1-1.2 rice.
In step (2), the diameter of described nutrition cup is 4 ~ 5cm, is highly 10 ~ 15cm.
In step (3), the standard that described matrix nutrition cup uniform intervals on seedbed is put is 320 ~ 350 every square metre, and the best standard of putting is 350 every square metre.
Described matrix nutrition cup, there is the vertical cave nest of a diameter 0.5cm, degree of depth 4-5cm its rim of a cup middle position.
In step (4.1), the optimum length of described cuttings is 12cm.
The top of described cuttings leaves 2-3 branch, and blade is left in bottom.
In step (5.1), described bactericide is agricultural streptomycin, or carbendazim, or fenaminosulf, or thiophanate-methyl, and several bactericide can use in rotation.
Invention effect
In the present invention, the organic component content in matrix nutrition cup is high, comprehensive nutrition and suitably, be conducive to the balanced growth of cuttings root system; Nutrition cup is degradable nonwoven cloth material, can ensure that any coring in cuttings freely stretches; Matrix nutrition cup interval is put, the coring of each cuttings can not be wound around mutually, when after the nutrition cup that cuttings has many root systems to stretch out as container, air can be utilized to cut root or be completely cured in mobile matrix nutrition cup position, each root can produce Yi More injured tissue at withered disconnected place, and Zhe Xie More injured tissue can bear a large amount of root system immediately after transplanted seedling tree explosively, thus facilitate the quick growth of acrial part, evaded the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, in advance, transplanting survival rate can increase substantially in young growth closing; Because the root system of container seedling grows all the time under ventilative environmental condition, root system is taken exercise in process of growth, and root growth obtains that sturdy strong, drought-resistant resistance to ridge is thin, strong stress resistance; The root system of container seedling and matrix weave in form firm and whippy root ball, can not injure root system during lifting; Each container seedling lightweight, convenient in carrying, the loose group of long-distance transport, decreases the damage degree of root system in transportation; Matrix also can improve and activating soil after going out garden field planting, the content of the soil organic matter can be improved, for rhizosphere microbial provides abundant nutrition, the microorganism of substantial amounts can produce a large amount of multiple enzymes and hormone, can root growth be promoted, increase the humus content in soil, increase soil fertility, loosing soil is breathed freely, plays the effect of improvement soil.The Taxus x media seedling root balance that the present invention breeds, neatly healthy and strong, survival rate more than 96%, outplanting rate reaches more than 95%, and transplanting survival rate can reach 98%, whole year production can not limit by seasonal, can realize scale, factorial praluction.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The mating system of Taxus x media nursery stock, carry out in the steps below:
(1) preparation in seedbed
Build the cool canopy of about 2 meters height, with Shading net covering, ensure that obscurity is 70 ~ 75%, seedbed parallel interval in canopy, there is passageway centre, and seedbed span width 1-1.2 rice, length is determined according to physical features.The edge cement brick in seedbed or common brick are built into, and there is the aseptic fine sand of 5-10 cm thick on top layer, seedbed; Excavate out near seedbed one wide 30 centimetres, the U-shaped ditch of dark 20 centimetres, so that rainy day draining.
(2) preparation of matrix and process
Select the matrix of mixture as cuttings of the organic substrate peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite, peat composed of rotten mosses unit weight is little, and porosity is high, perlite draining good permeability, and containing a large amount of organic matters in this matrix, quality is light, maximumly can meet Taxus x media cuttage demand.Sum up according to many experiments, by volume, the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=6: 4 is optimum substrate proportioning.The phosphate fertilizer of its gross weight 0.5% and appropriate N, K chemical fertilizer is added in this matrix, water spray mixes and stirs again, add the carbendazim dilution sterilizing of 800 ~ 1000 times simultaneously, its relative moisture is made to reach 60 ~ 65%, loading diameter be 4 ~ 5cm, be highly 10 ~ 15cm degradable nonwoven fabrics material nutrition cup in become matrix nutrition cup, be finally that nutrition cup surface squirts by the copperas solution of 0.5% by concentration.
The unsuitable overdrying of matrix, excessively wet, collect together with hand and can be polymerized to suitable, soil humidity controls at 60-65%, favourablely takes root.
(3) the putting of matrix nutrition cup
According to the standard of 320 ~ 350 every square metre, matrix nutrition cup is evenly placed on the seedbed described in (1), is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.4% carries out pasteurised completely in cool canopy by concentration, after three days, can cuttage be started.This standard of putting can keep there is suitable space between matrix nutrition cup, is beneficial to air root relief and daily management maintenance.
(4) cuttings selects process and cuttage
Cutting time all can carry out autumn in spring.The sample plot of the present embodiment is selected at Shaanxi Province's Hanzhong City, and according to local climate condition, then can start when temperature is stabilized in more than 12 DEG C, namely can carry out from March 20, what have booth condition avoids the hottest and the coldest month, and all the other times all can cuttage.
(4.1) choose the healthy and strong branch in the raw plant top of Taxus x media 3-4 and make cuttings, have dew and hot weather to adopt branch, stop cuttings branch and stack and generate heat in transit, adopting Hui Houying puts in the cool, keep humidity, preferably with adopting with unsuitable long by, storage period.Cuttings is made with the branch of truncation method about sheared length 12cm, by carse, medium and small three grades respectively cuttage to manage, cuttings branch will be demanded perfection lignification, even thickness, clip flat smooth, avoids cut, broken skin, during beta pruning bar, branch top leaves 2-3 branch, and what exceed wipes out from base portion, makes the blank namely having a tree crown after taking root.Truncation can maximally reduce by the surface of a wound, reduces de-root phenomenon, improves the amount of taking root, be beneficial to balance and take root.
(4.2) in concentration be 200mg/L indolebutyric acid+naa built agent in add the potassium sorbate preservative of suitable amount of sucrose and 1: 1000 times, yellow mud is added in built agent, stir into denseer yellow mud, the cuttings sheared gets final product cuttage after dipping in this yellow mud.
(4.3) dip in the cuttings straight cutting of slurry in the matrix nutrition cup described in (3), in a matrix nutrition cup, a cuttings, is container seedling, covers plastic film after irrigating normal root water with Small plastic shed.
(5) nursery bed management
(5.1) seedling bed temperature 18 ~ 30 DEG C is kept, relative moisture 65 ~ 70%, remove plastic film after 9 ~ 10 days and do first time Foliar Spraying, then in whole nursery stock Fast-growing stage, a foliage fertilizer was sprayed every 7 ~ 10 days, foliage fertilizer is with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, rooting promoter is used in combination, at the cuttage initial stage, for preventing blade excessive evaporation moisture content, also respiration inhibitor should be added, as salicylic acid tablets, every 15kg water adds 10, control stomatal movement degree, reduce blade face moisture evaporation, keep temperature of shed 18 ~ 30 DEG C during this period, relative moisture is 65 ~ 70%, the relative moisture 60-65% of matrix, suitably bactericide is added during foliage-spray, agricultural streptomycin, carbendazim, fenaminosulf, several bactericide such as thiophanate-methyl can use in rotation.
(5.2) before root system does not grow container, the management method of available be familiar with bareroot seedling manages, when the root system of cuttings grows from nutrition cup sidewall, air can be utilized to cut root or be completely cured in mobile nutrition cup position, when the root system of cuttings grows on seedbed, the mobile nutrition cup of palpus, and cut off end root by hand, when most of root system of cuttings grows from nutrition wall of cup, stop spraying of foliage fertilizer, at this moment dry air flows through between container space, and the tender tip of a root of the children that container side walls grows is wilted withered.Through 1 ~ 2 air cutting lateral root, the side root inside container matrix becomes progression to increase also and matrix weave in forms whippy root ball.The root born under spray condition is much water root, and root hair is few, after being completely cured by air and practicing seedling, and the root strong stress resistance grown.
(5.3) hardening is to spring next year, and container seedling can go out garden and carry out field-transplanting.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is as different from Example 1: in step (3), the standard that described matrix nutrition cup uniform intervals on seedbed is put is 350 every square metre.Other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is as different from Example 1: there is the vertical cave nest of a diameter 0.5cm, the degree of depth 4-5cm rim of a cup middle position of described matrix nutrition cup, and blade is left in the bottom of described cuttings.Wo Keshi bottom, cave stays the smooth cuttage of vaned cuttings in the matrix of nutrition cup, and the blade of cuttings bottom can play the effect with Ye Daigen.Other is identical with embodiment 1 or 2.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is as different from Example 1: in step (4.1), the length of described cuttings is 12cm.Other is identical with one of embodiment 1 to 3.
Claims (8)
1. a mating system for Taxus x media nursery stock, is characterized in that: carry out in the steps below,
(1) preparation in seedbed
Build the cool canopy of about 2 meters height, ensure that obscurity is 70 ~ 75%, in canopy, seedbed parallel interval, has drain ditch, and there is the aseptic fine sand of 5-10 cm thick on top layer, seedbed;
(2) preparation of matrix and process
By volume get the peat composed of rotten mosses 6 parts, perlite 4 parts, as the matrix of cuttings after abundant mixing, then in matrix, add the phosphate fertilizer of its gross weight 0.5% and appropriate N, K chemical fertilizer, water spray mixes and stirs again, add the carbendazim dilution sterilizing of 800 ~ 1000 times simultaneously, make its relative moisture reach 60 ~ 65%, load in the nutrition cup of degradable nonwoven fabrics material, becoming matrix nutrition cup, is finally that nutrition cup surface squirts by the copperas solution of 0.5% by concentration;
(3) the putting of matrix nutrition cup
Being placed in by matrix nutrition cup uniform intervals on the seedbed described in step (1), is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.4% carries out pasteurised completely in cool canopy by concentration;
(4) cuttings selects process and cuttage
(4.1) spring or autumn, select the healthy and strong branch in plant top that Taxus x media 3-4 is raw, make cuttings with the branch of truncation method sheared length 11 ~ 13cm, cuttings branch will be demanded perfection lignification, even thickness, and clip flat smooth, avoids cut, broken skin;
(4.2) in concentration be 200mg/L indolebutyric acid+methyl α-naphthyl acetate built agent in add suitable amount of sucrose and potassium sorbate preservative, add yellow mud in built agent, stir into denseer yellow mud, then cuttings dips in slurry;
(4.3) dip in the cuttings cuttage of slurry in the matrix nutrition cup described in step (3), insert a cuttings in a matrix nutrition cup, be container seedling, irrigate plastic film on normal root water bonnet;
(5) nursery bed management
(5.1) seedling bed temperature 18 ~ 30 DEG C is kept, relative moisture 65 ~ 70%, remove plastic film after 9 ~ 10 days and do first time Foliar Spraying, then in whole nursery stock Fast-growing stage, a foliage fertilizer was sprayed every 7 ~ 10 days, add appropriate blade respiration inhibitor in foliage fertilizer, keep temperature of shed 18 ~ 30 DEG C during this period, relative moisture is 65 ~ 70%, the relative moisture 60-65% of matrix, suitably adds bactericide during foliage-spray;
(5.2) when the root system of cuttings grows from nutrition cup sidewall, air can be utilized to cut root or be completely cured in mobile nutrition cup position, when the root system of cuttings grows on seedbed, the mobile nutrition cup of palpus, and cut off end root by hand, when most of root system of cuttings grows from nutrition wall of cup, stop spraying of foliage fertilizer;
(5.3) hardening is to spring next year, and container seedling can go out garden and carry out field-transplanting.
2. according to mating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (1), described seedbed bed surface width is 1-1.2 rice.
3. according to mating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (2), the diameter of described nutrition cup is 4 ~ 5cm, is highly 10 ~ 15cm.
4. according to mating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (3), the standard that described matrix nutrition cup uniform intervals on seedbed is put is 320 ~ 350 every square metre.
5. according to mating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described matrix nutrition cup, there is the vertical cave nest of a diameter 0.5cm, degree of depth 4-5cm its rim of a cup middle position.
6. according to mating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (4.1), the optimum length of described cuttings is 12cm.
7. according to mating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the top of described cuttings leaves 2-3 branch, and blade is left in bottom.
8. according to mating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (5.1), described bactericide is agricultural streptomycin, or carbendazim, or fenaminosulf, or thiophanate-methyl, and several bactericide can use in rotation.
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| CN103651035B (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-03 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Container seed seedling culturing method of Italian club moss |
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| CN105123379B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-07-14 | 重庆紫逸农业发展有限公司 | Taxus x media fast breeding method |
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| CN107155770A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-15 | 四川祥光农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of Taxus x media |
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