CN109122157B - Fertilizing method for promoting rapid growth of direct seeding seedlings in bletilla striata greenhouse - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for promoting rapid growth of direct seeding seedlings in bletilla striata greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN109122157B CN109122157B CN201810985891.9A CN201810985891A CN109122157B CN 109122157 B CN109122157 B CN 109122157B CN 201810985891 A CN201810985891 A CN 201810985891A CN 109122157 B CN109122157 B CN 109122157B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention provides a fertilizing method for promoting rapid growth of a direct seeding seedling in a bletilla striata greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: preparing seeds of bletilla striata, constructing a greenhouse, preparing a soil covering film, paving a matrix, watering, sowing, watering, spraying a bacterial solution, building a small arch greenhouse, spraying an EM bacterial solution, removing the small arch greenhouse, weeding, watering, spraying a fertilizer, adding the fertilizer and transplanting. By using the fertilizing method for promoting the rapid growth of the direct seeding seedlings in the bletilla striata greenhouse, the day and night temperature in the small arch greenhouse in the greenhouse is controlled within 15-28 ℃, so that the temperature required by the germination of the bletilla striata seeds in the seedbed is ensured, the humidity and the microbial environment of the seedbed are controlled, the environmental conditions required by the germination and the growth of the bletilla striata seeds are provided, and further, different fertilizers are applied to the bletilla striata seedlings in different time, so that the growth and the development of the direct seeding seedlings of the bletilla striata can be effectively and rapidly promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for plants, in particular to a fertilizing method for promoting rapid growth of direct seeding seedlings in a bletilla striata greenhouse.
Background
The bletilla striata is perennial herb bulbous plants (tuberous roots), the plant height is 18-60 cm, the plant height is mainly distributed in China, japan and North Burmese, and the bletilla striata is mainly used for astringing to stop bleeding, reducing swelling and promoting granulation, and has high planting value. The bletilla striata can be planted and propagated by adopting seeds, but the seeds of the bletilla striata are very tiny and have no endosperm, so that the seeds are difficult to germinate and grow under natural conditions, and the seedlings are difficult to cultivate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizing method for promoting rapid growth of direct seeding seedlings in a bletilla striata greenhouse, which can promote rapid germination and growth of bletilla striata seeds under natural conditions.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fertilizing method for promoting rapid growth of a direct seeding seedling in a bletilla striata greenhouse comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing bletilla striata seeds: after the bletilla striata seeds are ripe, picking seeds without diseases and insect pests, storing in a ventilated, dried and cool room, and classifying and labeling the bletilla striata seeds with different colors;
2) Building a greenhouse: the construction of the greenhouse ensures that the periphery of the greenhouse is convenient to drain and ventilated, a sunshade net is arranged above the greenhouse, and a spraying facility or a ground irrigation condition is arranged in the greenhouse;
3) Preparing a land cover film: before soil preparation, manually removing weeds, turning over the soil by using a cultivator, leveling the ground, pulling out a carriage by using a rope, cutting an agricultural polyethylene blow-molded greenhouse film according to the length and width of the carriage surface, and covering the carriage surface;
4) Paving a matrix and watering: paving fine sand on a polyethylene blow-molded greenhouse film for compartment surface agriculture, leveling, paving a matrix above the fine sand, wherein the matrix is required to be loosened, water-retaining, watering and thoroughly watering;
5) Sowing, namely placing the bletilla striata seeds in a container, wrapping the upper caliber of the container by using a fabric with meshes, fastening, inverting the container, manually shaking, uniformly sowing the seeds on a compartment surface, and ensuring that the sowing density of the seeds is not overlapped;
6) Watering and spraying bacterial liquid: immediately watering by a sprayer after sowing, and spraying EM bacterial liquid on each compartment surface after each compartment surface is watered;
7) Building a small arch shed: bending two ends of a bamboo board and inserting the two ends of the bamboo board into two sides of a carriage surface, wherein a space is reserved between adjacent bamboo boards on the carriage surface, a pre-cut agricultural polyethylene blow-molded greenhouse film is paved on the bamboo boards, the periphery of the bamboo boards is covered and compacted by soil, and the day and night temperature in a small arch greenhouse is kept between 15 ℃ and 28 ℃;
8) And (5) spraying an EM bacterial liquid. On the tenth day, 5:00-6:00 pm time is selected, the agricultural polyethylene blow-molded greenhouse film on the small arch greenhouse is lifted, EM bacteria water solution is sprayed, after the spraying is finished, the greenhouse film around the greenhouse surface is covered and compacted by soil, and the day and night temperature in the small arch greenhouse is kept between 15 ℃ and 28 ℃;
9) Removing the small arch shed: after 23-27 days of sowing, the bletilla striata seeds have completed an expansion stage and a greening stage and reach a stage in which small pointed leaves appear, and then a small arch shed is removed to prevent the small pointed tips She Bianhuang of the seeds which are just grown out from withering due to lack of nutrition;
10 Weeding and watering: after the small arch shed is removed, manually removing the weeds on the greenhouse surface, watering by adopting a spraying facility or a ground irrigation mode, and keeping the water content of the greenhouse surface to be 60% -70%, wherein the day and night temperature in the greenhouse is 15-28 ℃;
11 Spraying fertilizer: in the first week of opening the small arch shed, spraying a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer liquid on each compartment surface by using a sprayer every other day, and under the condition of no direct strong light, manually opening and closing a greenhouse sunshade net to give sufficient illumination;
12 Spraying fertilizer: every other day, spraying monopotassium phosphate fertilizer liquid on each compartment surface by using a sprayer;
13 Spraying fertilizer: thirdly, spraying the potassium sulfate composite fertilizer liquid on each compartment surface every other day by using a sprayer;
14 Spraying fertilizer: fourth, fifth and sixth week, the fertilization of fourth, fifth and sixth week circulates the step 11), 12), 13) said liquid fertilizer to add and take root powder, and the fertilization of fourth, fifth and sixth week is step 11), 12), 1 time of the concentration of 13) said liquid fertilizer separately, spray once every other day;
15 Spraying fertilizer: the fertilizer is respectively circularly applied for 13) in the seventh, eighth and ninth weeks, urea is added into the fertilizer liquid in the fourth, fifth and sixth weeks, and the fertilizer liquid is sprayed once every other day;
16 In tenth week, fertilizer is added and transplanting are carried out according to the requirements of the seedlings of the bletilla striata.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 3), the ploughing depth of the cultivator is 20cm, the length of the carriage is 37m, the width of the carriage is 1.5m, and the interval between the carriages is 25cm.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 4), on a polyethylene blow molding greenhouse film for compartment surface agriculture, the height of fine sand paved is 5cm, and the height of a matrix paved above the fine sand is 15cm.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 6), after sowing, watering is immediately carried out by using a 20L sprayer, and after each carriage surface is watered by 20L, each carriage surface is sprayed with 10ml/L of EM bacterial liquid of Yibang environmental protection technology Co Ltd in Xuzhou, and the production permission of the bacterial liquid is: su Tian (2014) 0255, performing the standard: GB20368-2005, major components: photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, gram-positive actinomycetes, filamentous bacteria of fermentation system, etc., and the effective microorganism content is 300 hundred million CFU/ML) 20L.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 7), a small arch shed is built, and the distance between bamboo boards on the compartment surface is 60cm.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 11), a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer 20L of 'Jinzhengda ecological engineering group Co., ltd' is sprayed on each carriage surface by a sprayer at every other day of the first week, wherein the execution standard of the fertilizer is as follows: NY1107-2010 pesticide fertilizer (2016) standard 4968, main technical indexes: N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 60 percent, contains nitrate nitrogen of 4 percent and trace elements: 0.2-3.0%.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 12), every other day, 0.375g/L of monopotassium phosphate fertilizer 20L of Mixwell crop nutrient Co Ltd in North and south of lake is sprayed on each carriage surface by a sprayer every second week, and the execution standard of the fertilizer is as follows: HG/Y2321-2016, main technical indexes: n=0, P 2 O 5 =52%，K 2 O=34%, solubility (25%): 350g/L.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 13), every other day, 0.375g/L of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer solution 20L of Hubei Xinyang Fengshi fertilizer company, inc. is sprayed on each carriage surface by a sprayer every third week, wherein the execution standard of the fertilizer solution is as follows: jawXK13-00003, gb15063-2009, hennong fertilizer (2009) standard No. 0087, main technical indexes: N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O≥45%。
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 14), the rooting powder of Yongji Zhongshan fertilizer company Limited is added into the fertilizer solution in the fourth, fifth and sixth weeks, and the fertilization in the fourth, fifth and sixth weeks is respectively circulated in the steps 11), 12) and 13), and the standard certificate number of the rooting powder is: GB/T17419-2010, technical index: amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, fe+Zn+B is more than or equal to 20 g/L) is 15g, and the concentration of the fertilizer liquid is 1 time of that of the fertilizer liquid in the steps 11), 12) and 13) in the fourth, fifth and sixth week of fertilization, and the fertilizer liquid is sprayed once every other day.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step 15), the seventh, eighth and ninth weeks fertilization are respectively circulated, 13), and urea produced by "Shaanxi Wei chemical industry Co., ltd" is added into the fertilizer liquid in the fourth, fifth and sixth weeks, and the urea execution standard is as follows: GB 2440-2001Q/WHJ 12.06-2016, main technical indexes: total nitrogen is more than or equal to 46.4%, and the particle size is as follows: d 0.85-2.80mm, polypeptide potassium is more than or equal to 800mg/kg, chelated zinc is more than or equal to 1400mg/kg, and 10-15 granules are sprayed once every other day.
The beneficial effects are that:
by using the fertilizing method for promoting the rapid growth of the direct seeding seedlings in the bletilla striata greenhouse, the day and night temperature in the small arch greenhouse in the greenhouse is controlled within 15-28 ℃, so that the temperature required by the germination of the bletilla striata seeds in the seedbed is ensured, the humidity and the microbial environment of the seedbed are controlled, the environmental conditions required by the germination and the growth of the bletilla striata seeds are provided, and further, different fertilizers are applied to the bletilla striata seedlings in different time, so that the growth and the development of the direct seeding seedlings of the bletilla striata can be effectively and rapidly promoted.
Description of the embodiments
In order to make the invention and the advantages more clear, the fertilizing method for promoting the rapid growth of the direct seeding seedlings in the bletilla striata greenhouse provided by the invention is described in detail by combining the specific embodiments:
1. materials and methods
The experiment was performed in 5.14 days of 2017 in the three-stream ditch greenhouse base of the Shake-Wei City county of Hubei province and Shennong herbal medicine decoction piece limited company, and in 4.10 days of 2018 in the greenhouse base of the Hubei gold water source biotechnology limited company, the Yuan developing region of Hubei province. The seeds of bletilla striata are respectively provided by two companies.
The method comprises the steps of preparing a plastic greenhouse, a substrate, a bamboo board, a transparent nylon film, scissors, a sunshade net, lime, ropes, fine sand, a sprayer, tap water, silk stockings, glass cups, a thermometer, bletilla striata seeds, EM bacterial liquid, a culture dish, a beaker, an electronic balance, rooting powder, monopotassium phosphate, a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, urea and a cultivator in advance. Wherein the bamboo strip is 180cm in length, 1-2 cm in width and 0.2-0.5 cm in thickness; the transparent nylon film adopts an agricultural polyethylene blow-molding greenhouse film, the width is 3m, the thickness is 0.16mm, and the standard GB4455-2006 is implemented; the beaker volume was chosen to be 250ml; tap water is selected from the group consisting of base agricultural water; the electronic balance is accurate to 1000/1; a glass cup with the upper caliber of 6cm and the height of 10 cm; ordinary silk stockings for daily use; the sprayer capacity is 20L; EM bacterial liquid is derived from Xuzhou Yibang environmental protection technology Co., ltd., production permission: su Tian (2014) 0255, performing the standard: GB20368-2005, major components: photosynthetic flora, lactic acid flora, yeast flora, gram-positive actinomycete flora, filamentous flora of fermentation lines, etc., and the effective microorganism content is 300 hundred million CFU/ML; rooting powder is derived from Yongji Zhongshan fertilizer industry Co., ltd, standard certificate number: GB/T17419-2010, technical index: amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, fe+Zn+B is more than or equal to 20g/L; monopotassium phosphate is sourced from Maxwell crop nutrient Co.Ltd, light North Hubei, and the standard is implemented: HG/Y2321-2016, main technical indexes: n=0, P 2 O 5 =52%，K 2 O=34%, solubility (25%): 350g/L; the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is derived from Hubei Xinyang Fengshi fertilizer industry Co., ltd, and the execution standard is as follows: jaw XK13-00003, GB15063-2009, jaw agricultural fertilizer (2009) standard character 0087, main technical indexes: N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 45%; macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is derived from 'Jinzhengda ecological engineering group Co., ltd', and the execution standard is as follows: NY1107-2010 pesticide fertilizer (2016) standard 4968, main technical indexes: N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 60 percent, contains nitrate nitrogen of 4 percent and trace elements: 0.2-3.0%; urea is derived from "heavy chemical industry Co., ltd. Of Shaanxi Wei river", and the execution standard: GB 2440-2001Q/WHJ 12.06-2016, main technical indexes: total nitrogen is more than or equal to 46.4%, and the particle size is as follows: d 0.85-2.80mm, the potassium polypeptide is more than or equal to 800mg/kg, and the zinc chelate is more than or equal to 1400mg/kg.
Sowing on 5 months and 10 days in 2017 and 4 months in 2018. And the small arched shed is lifted up about 25 days of sowing, fertilization is started, and management such as weed, moss and the like is timely removed.
2. The specific operation steps are as follows
a) Bletilla striata seeds are prepared in advance. After the bletilla striata seeds are ripe, picking seeds without plant diseases and insect pests, storing the seeds in a ventilated, dried and cool room, and marking the seeds as purple flowers, white flowers and bletilla striata seeds;
b) And (5) building a greenhouse. The construction of a conventional strawberry greenhouse structure is adopted, so that the convenience in drainage and ventilation of the periphery of the greenhouse are ensured, a sunshade net is arranged above the greenhouse, spraying facilities or ground irrigation conditions are arranged in the greenhouse, and the sunshade net and irrigation are controlled manually;
c) And (5) land preparation and film coating. Before soil preparation, weeds are manually removed, a cultivator is utilized to turn the soil to 20cm deep, the ground is leveled, the carriages with the length of 37m and the width of 1.5m are pulled out by ropes, and the interval between the carriages is 25cm. Cutting an agricultural polyethylene blow-molded greenhouse film according to the length and width of the greenhouse surface, and covering the greenhouse surface;
d) Paving a matrix and watering. Spreading 5cm high fine sand on a polyethylene blow molding greenhouse film for compartment agriculture, and leveling. Spreading 15cm high matrix above fine sand, loosening, retaining water, and watering thoroughly;
e) Sowing. Placing the bletilla striata seeds in a glass cup with an upper caliber of 6cm and a height of 10cm, wrapping the glass cup with silk stockings, fastening, inverting the glass cup, manually shaking, uniformly broadcasting the seeds on a carriage surface, and broadcasting the seeds with a density which is the best without overlapping (preventing death of some seedlings after emergence of seedlings, and providing a moss growing space);
f) And (5) watering and spraying EM bacterial liquid. Immediately watering with a 20L sprayer after sowing, and after each compartment surface is watered with 20L, spraying 10ML/L of EM bacterial liquid (production license: su Tian (2014) 0255, execution standard: GB20368-2005, main components: photosynthetic bacteria group, lactic acid bacteria group, yeast bacteria group, gram positive actinomycetes group, fermentation line filiform bacteria group and the like, wherein the effective microorganism content is 300 hundred million CFU/ML) 20L on each compartment surface;
g) And (5) building a small arch shed. Bending and inserting two ends of a bamboo board into two sides of a carriage surface, wherein the distance between the bamboo boards on the carriage surface is 60cm, spreading a pre-cut agricultural polyethylene blow-molded greenhouse film on the bamboo boards, covering the periphery with soil, compacting, and keeping the day and night temperature in a small arch greenhouse between 15 ℃ and 28 ℃;
h) And (5) spraying an EM bacterial liquid. On the tenth day, about 5:00-6:00 PM is selected, the agricultural polyethylene blow molding greenhouse film on the small arch greenhouse is lifted, and 20L of EM bacteria aqueous solution is sprayed, wherein the concentration is 10ml/L. After spraying, keeping the temperature of the day and night in the small arch shed between 15 ℃ and 28 ℃ after the greenhouse film around the compartment surface is covered with soil and compacted;
i) And removing the small arched shed. About 25 days after sowing, most of the bletilla striata seeds have completed the expansion stage and the greening stage and reach the stage of appearance of small pointed leaves, and the small arch shed is removed according to actual conditions to prevent the small pointed tips She Bianhuang of the seeds which are just grown out from withering due to lack of nutrition;
j) Weeding and watering. After the small arch shed is removed, manually removing the weeds on the greenhouse surface, watering by adopting a spraying facility or a ground irrigation mode, keeping the water content of the greenhouse surface to be 60% -70%, preventing the moss from overgrowing, avoiding watering and overduty, and keeping the day and night temperature in the greenhouse between 15 ℃ and 28 ℃;
k) The first week of the small arch shed is lifted. Every other day, each carriage surface is sprayed with 0.375g/L macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (execution standard: NY1107-2010 pesticide fertilizer (2016) standard No. 4968, main technical index: N+P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 60%, nitrate nitrogen is 4%, microelements are 0.2-3.0%) fertilizer solution 20L by using a sprayer. Under the condition of no direct strong light, the greenhouse sunshade net can be manually opened and closed all the time, and sufficient illumination is given;
l) the second week. Every other day, each carriage surface is sprayed with 0.375g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (execution standard: HG/Y2321-2016, main technical index: N=0%, P) of Mixwork crop nutrition Co., ltd 2 O 5 =52%，K 2 O=34%, solubility (25%): 350 g/L) fertilizer liquid 20L.
m) the third week. Every other day, each carriage surface is sprayed with 0.375g/L potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (execution standard: hubei Xinyang Fengshi Co., ltd.) (E.N+P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 45%) fertilizer liquid 20L, of U.S. Pat. No. 0087, of the standard: hubei XK13-00003, GB15063-2009, and Hubei pesticide fertilizer (2009) standard.
n) fourth, fifth and sixth weeks. Fourth, fifth and sixth week fertilization are respectively circulated in the steps 11), 12) and 13), rooting powder (standard certificate number: GB/T17419-2010, technical index: amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, fe+Zn+B is more than or equal to 20 g/L) is 15g, and the concentration of the fertilizer liquid in the fourth, fifth and sixth week fertilization is 1 time of that in the steps 11), 12) and 13), and the fertilizer liquid is sprayed once every other day;
o) seventh, eighth and ninth weeks. And (3) respectively recycling the fertilizer for seventh, eighth and ninth weeks, wherein urea (execution standard: GB 2440-2001Q/WHJ 12.06-2016, main technical indexes: total nitrogen is more than or equal to 46.4%, and the particle size is as follows: d 0.85-2.80mm, polypeptide potassium is more than or equal to 800mg/kg, chelated zinc is more than or equal to 1400 mg/kg) 10-15 grains, and the preparation is sprayed once every other day;
and p) adding fertilizer and transplanting properly according to the requirements of the seedlings of the bletilla striata in the tenth week. Or the soil is 10 months to 12 months at the bottom, and enters the overwintering period, the overground parts are all withered, and the soil humidity is kept at about 60%. The following 2-3 months, the underground tubers germinate, new leaves grow out, the growth speed is very fast, and then transplanting is carried out according to the requirements of seedlings, and proper fertilization is carried out.
The fertilizing method for promoting the rapid growth of the direct seeding seedlings of the white achnatherum in the greenhouse not only comprises the steps of building a small arch greenhouse, spraying EM bacterial liquid and fertilizing. The method has the advantages that the method is characterized in that EM bacterial liquid is sprayed twice on the compartment surface of the small arch shed, the characteristics of germination of the seeds of bletilla striata are adopted, the small arch shed and the fertilizing method after germination of the seeds are removed in time, fertilization and rooting powder spraying are carried out by increasing the microbial environment of the seedbed, controlling the humidity of the seedbed and the nutrition conditions required after germination of the seeds, and after the seeds of bletilla striata germinate into seedlings, the seedlings are enabled to grow long and wide quickly and root quickly, so that the survival rate and the seedling rate of the seedlings are improved. Meanwhile, the fertilizing method is to provide needed nutrition requirements for seedlings after the bletilla striata seeds germinate, so that the seedlings fully absorb nutrition and promote the seedlings to grow rapidly. The seventh, eighth and ninth weeks of the invention add 10-15 urea grains to the carriage surface, thereby realizing the rapid growth of seedlings and avoiding the problems of nutrition competition, growth space competition and illumination competition caused by too wide transverse leaf blades and smaller leaf blade lengths on the overground parts of the seedlings.
According to the fertilizing method for promoting the rapid growth of the bletilla striata direct seeding in the greenhouse, the day and night temperature in the small arch greenhouse in the greenhouse is controlled within the environment of 15-28 ℃, so that the temperature required by the germination of the bletilla striata seeds in the seedbed is ensured, the humidity and the microbial environment of the seedbed are controlled, the environmental conditions required by the germination and the growth of the bletilla striata seeds are provided, and further, different fertilizers are applied to the bletilla striata seedlings in different time, so that the growth and the development of the bletilla striata direct seeding can be effectively and rapidly promoted.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A fertilizing method for promoting rapid growth of a direct seeding seedling in a bletilla striata greenhouse comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing bletilla striata seeds: after the bletilla striata seeds are ripe, picking seeds without diseases and insect pests, storing in a ventilated, dried and cool room, and classifying and labeling the bletilla striata seeds with different colors;
2) Building a greenhouse: the construction of the greenhouse ensures that the periphery of the greenhouse is convenient to drain and ventilated, a sunshade net is arranged above the greenhouse, and a spraying facility or a ground irrigation condition is arranged in the greenhouse;
3) Preparing a land cover film: before soil preparation, manually removing weeds, turning over the soil by using a cultivator, leveling the ground, pulling out a carriage by using a rope, cutting an agricultural polyethylene blow-molding greenhouse film according to the length and width of the carriage surface, and covering the carriage surface, wherein in the step 3), the soil turning depth of the cultivator is 20cm, the length of the carriage is 37m, the width of the carriage is 1.5m, and the interval between the carriages is 25cm;
4) Paving a matrix and watering: paving fine sand on a polyethylene blow-molding greenhouse film for compartment surface agriculture, leveling, paving a matrix above the fine sand, loosening and retaining water for the matrix, watering and thoroughly watering, wherein the height of paving the fine sand on the polyethylene blow-molding greenhouse film for compartment surface agriculture is 5cm, and the height of paving the matrix above the fine sand is 15cm;
5) Sowing, namely placing the bletilla striata seeds in a container, wrapping the upper caliber of the container by using a fabric with meshes, fastening, inverting the container, manually shaking, uniformly sowing the seeds on a compartment surface, and ensuring that the sowing density of the seeds is not overlapped;
6) Watering and spraying bacterial liquid: immediately after sowing, watering by a sprayer, after each carriage surface is watered, spraying EM bacterial liquid on each carriage surface, in the step 6), immediately after sowing, watering by a 20L sprayer, after each carriage surface is watered by 20L, spraying 10ml/L EM bacterial liquid 20L on each carriage surface, wherein the main components of the bacterial liquid are as follows: photosynthetic flora, lactic acid flora, yeast flora, gram-positive actinomycete flora, and filamentous flora of fermentation lines, the effective microorganism content is 300 hundred million CFU/ML;
7) Building a small arch shed: bending two ends of a bamboo board and inserting the two ends into two sides of a carriage surface, wherein a space is reserved between adjacent bamboo boards on the carriage surface, a pre-cut agricultural polyethylene blow-molded greenhouse film is paved on the bamboo boards, soil covers and compacts the periphery of the bamboo boards, the day and night temperature in a small arch greenhouse is kept between 15 ℃ and 28 ℃, in the step 7), a small arch greenhouse is built, and the space between the bamboo boards on the carriage surface is 60cm;
8) Spraying EM bacterial liquid: on the tenth day, 5:00-6:00 pm time is selected, an agricultural polyethylene blow molding greenhouse film on the small arch greenhouse is lifted, EM bacterial liquid 20L with the concentration of 10ml/L is sprayed, after the spraying is finished, the greenhouse film around the greenhouse surface is covered and compacted by soil, and the day and night temperature in the small arch greenhouse is kept between 15 ℃ and 28 ℃;
9) Removing the small arch shed: after 23-27 days of sowing, the bletilla striata seeds have completed an expansion stage and a greening stage and reach a stage in which small pointed leaves appear, and then a small arch shed is removed to prevent the small pointed tips She Bianhuang of the seeds which are just grown out from withering due to lack of nutrition;
10 Weeding and watering: after the small arch shed is removed, manually removing the weeds on the greenhouse surface, watering by adopting a spraying facility or a ground irrigation mode, and keeping the water content of the greenhouse surface to be 60% -70% and the day and night temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-28 ℃;
11 Spraying fertilizer: in the first week of opening the small arch shed, every other day, each carriage surface is sprayed with a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer liquid by using a sprayer, under the condition of no direct strong light, a greenhouse sunshade net is manually opened and closed to give sufficient illumination, specifically, every other day, every carriage surface is sprayed with a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer 20L of 0.375g/L by using a sprayer, and the main technical indexes of the large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer are as follows: N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 60%, nitrate nitrogen is contained by 4%, and trace elements are contained by 0.2-3.0%;
12 Spraying fertilizer: every other day every second week, spraying 20L of monopotassium phosphate fertilizer solution with the concentration of 0.375g/L on each compartment surface by using a sprayer;
13 Spraying fertilizer: thirdly, spraying 20L of potassium sulfate composite fertilizer liquid with the concentration of 0.375g/L on each compartment surface by using a sprayer every other day;
14 Spraying fertilizer: fourth, fifth and sixth week fertilization, respectively circulating the steps 11), 12) and 13), wherein 15g of rooting powder is added into the fertilizer liquid, and the technical indexes of the rooting powder are as follows: amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, fe+Zn+B is more than or equal to 20g/L, and the fertilizer is respectively applied in the fourth, fifth and sixth weeks, which is 1 time of the concentration of the fertilizer liquid in the steps 11), 12) and 13), and is sprayed once every other day;
15 Spraying fertilizer: and seventh, eighth and ninth week fertilization respectively cycle the fertilizer liquid used in the fourth, fifth and sixth weeks in the step 14), and urea 5-10 grains are added into the fertilizer liquid, wherein main technical indexes of urea are as follows: total nitrogen≥46.4% of particle size: 0.85-2.80mm, more than or equal to 800mg/kg of polypeptide potassium, more than or equal to 1400mg/kg of chelated zinc, and spraying once every other day;
16 In tenth week, fertilizer is added and transplanting are carried out according to the requirements of the seedlings of the bletilla striata.
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| CN110338047B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-09-17 | 长江大学 | Wild-imitating efficient direct seeding seedling method for bletilla striata seeds |
| CN110622808B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-11-23 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Planting method for promoting growth of bletilla striata and accumulation of effective components |
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| CN106171896A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 贵州省蕙安农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seed sowing mating system |
| CN106358664A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 任鑫 | Method for sexually breeding Bletilla striata seedlings on large scale by simulating natural conditions |
| CN107018784A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-08 | 熊浩宇 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of bletilla seed sowing |
| CN107046851A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-08-18 | 西南林业大学 | Bletilla greenhouse direct sowing and seedling method by material of seed |
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| CN106171896A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 贵州省蕙安农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seed sowing mating system |
| CN106358664A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 任鑫 | Method for sexually breeding Bletilla striata seedlings on large scale by simulating natural conditions |
| CN107046851A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-08-18 | 西南林业大学 | Bletilla greenhouse direct sowing and seedling method by material of seed |
| CN107018784A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-08 | 熊浩宇 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of bletilla seed sowing |
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| 浅析白芨栽培技术;荣吉青;;农村实用技术(第07期);第24-25页 * |
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