CN103804039A - Mechanical transplanted rice seedling raising substrate and production method thereof - Google Patents
Mechanical transplanted rice seedling raising substrate and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103804039A CN103804039A CN201410067480.3A CN201410067480A CN103804039A CN 103804039 A CN103804039 A CN 103804039A CN 201410067480 A CN201410067480 A CN 201410067480A CN 103804039 A CN103804039 A CN 103804039A
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- seedling raising
- rice seedling
- transplanted rice
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- ground substance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a mechanical transplanted rice seedling raising substrate and a production method thereof. The substrate is prepared by mixing chicken manure, fermented residues, cow manure and edible mushroom cultivating waste in a certain volume ratio, and blending, stacking, fermenting, drying, smashing and sieving. The mechanical transplanted rice seedling raising substance has the beneficial effects that the substrate contributes to non-hazardous treatment of agricultural waste, and is highly compatible with a mechanical planting production line; by adopting the substrate, rice seedlings have the advantages of stockiness, developed root systems, light seedling carpets, high stress resistance, high compatibility with a rice transplanter and high adaptability to wetting irrigation. A substrate seedling raising technology is simple and high in success rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof, particularly a kind of take agriculture and forestry organic waste material as seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof raw-material, rice mechanization rice transplanting.
Background technology
Along with the fast universal and rural laborer's of transplanting technology minimizing, specialized service is organized gradually and is developed, and the dispersion seedling of traditional single household is also replaced by the concentrated seedling of mass-producing gradually.Conventional earth (Nutrition Soil) seedling because the labour intensity that fetches earth is large, destroy topsoil, seedling dish heavily carries that intensity is large, seedling quality is unstable, seedling piece is met the problems such as water is fugitive, is difficult to adapt to the needs of mass-producing seedling.For this reason, at present existing utilization pulverized rice husk directly as seedling raising ground substance, but unleavened rice husk hypotrophy, fertilizer conservation water retention property are poor, are unfavorable for root growth, easily grow disease simultaneously; Also have take agricultural rock wool as matrix; Also have take special organism as carrier, be developed into module seedling raising ground substance by combination high-tech means, but these materials cannot decompose, life-time service can cause soil pollution, and cost is high is simultaneously not suitable for peasant household's use; Also have Shanghai Donghua University to develop novel straw type non-woven and carry out without native nutritive medium seedling-cultivation technique as rice seedling raising ground substance, but its technical sophistication, cost is high, and the light easily Dutch roll of quality, machine transplanting of rice difficulty.
In addition, also has take biomass power plant ash, monosodium glutamate tankage, powdered rice hulls as main raw material the seedling raising ground substance that adds water-holding agent, tackiness agent, promoter proportioning to form, powdered rice hulls is without becoming thoroughly decomposed, easily grow disease, unit weight is too low simultaneously, easily floating when upper water flood irrigation; Also has the matrix forming with farm crop process residues or waste, crops stalk crushing grain proportioning, fermentation, take fermented stalk coarse grain and zymamsis natural pond slag as main raw material, add nutritive element, downgrade the seedling raising ground substance that the proportionings such as fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings, promoter, safener become, and take organic wastes such as stalks as raw material, through the fermentation of multiple beneficial microorganism, the organic substrate that adds fertilizer slow release, binding agent, water-holding agent to be mixed with; Also improved product cost the adding of auxiliary material such as this class matrix exists stalk to store up the problem that cost is high, product unit weight is too low, while nutritive element; Also have take mushroom tankage, cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry as raw material, utilize high temperature quick rotting agent to carry out the seedling raising ground substance that adds again vermiculite, carbonization cavings to make after fermentation maturity processing; But the cost of vermiculite is higher at present.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: based on the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, this matrix is mixed 1～1.5:2～3:3～4:2.5～3 by volume by chicken manure, wine slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material, first adopt mix and stir, stacking, fermentation, be dried again, pulverize, sieve, be formed into product matrix.
Further, chicken manure is the pure chicken manure of breeding layer chicken field.
Further, making slag is the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid, and the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid is take cassava as main raw material, extracts the waste staying after citric acid with microbe fermentation method, the mixture that recycling daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after processing.
Further, the cow dung that cow dung is dairy cow farm.
Further, edible fungus culturing waste material is cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material, cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material is the Twospore Mushroom substratum take straw, soya-bean cake, dry pig manure as main raw material, the waste staying after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, the sward mixture that recycling daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after processing, sward volume ratio is 2～3:1.
Further, the water content of finished product matrix is that 20～30%, pH is 6～7, and unit weight is 500～600g/L.
A production method for machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, comprises the following steps:
A, by chicken manure, make slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material and mix 1～1.5:2～3:3～4:2.5～3 by volume, obtain compound;
B, step a gained compound is sprayed water while stirring, make it to stir, make the final water content of compound reach 50～60%, compound is is evenly mixed and stirred, piles slivering buttress;
C, fermentation: when stacking core temperature reaches 58～62 ℃, carry out a turning, make stockpile material inside and outside, evenly transposition up and down, once a day, 25～35 days, fermentation completely;
D, the mixture completely that ferments in step c is dried, pulverizes, is sieved, be formed into product matrix.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, harmless treatment agriculture and forestry organic waste material, solve simultaneously Nutrition Soil seedling fetch earth difficulty, mix difficult problem thoroughly, the quality of protecting farmland and ecotope; 2, rice shoot is short strong, and the suitable cultivation phase grows seedlings long more than 3 days compared with Nutrition Soil; Nutrient equilibrium, seedling growth is neat, there will not be large seedling phenomenon; Rice shoot well developed root system, packing power are strong; 3, also not fugitive when lightweight, the high humidity of seedling blanket, easily carrying, good with rice transplanter compatibility, lacks less, and machine transplanting of rice efficiency improves more than 15% compared with Nutrition Soil seedling; 4, the particle diameter of seedling raising ground substance, moisture content index and Mechanization sowing streamline compatibility are good, are difficult for plug machine, and sowing efficiency is high; 5, the unit weight index of seedling raising ground substance is good to the adaptability of wetting irrigation for paddy field (flood irrigation) mode, there will not be " floating seedling " (seedling blanket emersion seedling dish) phenomenon.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments now, and following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention rather than limitation of the invention further.
Embodiment 1
Get 1 cubic metre of pure chicken manure, 3 cubic metres, the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid, 3 cubic metres of the cow dungs of dairy cow farm, 3 cubic metres of mixing of cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material of breeding layer chicken field, water spray while stirring, make it to stir, make the final water content of compound reach 50%, evenly mix and stir, pile slivering buttress, start fermentation; In the time that stacking core temperature reaches 58 ℃, carry out a turning, make stockpile material inside and outside, evenly transposition up and down, once a day, 25 days, fermentation was completely; The mixture completely that ferments is dried, pulverizes, crosses 5mm sieve, be formed into product matrix.
The waste residue of cassava brew citric acid is take cassava as main raw material, extracts the waste staying after citric acid with microbe fermentation method, the mixture that recycling daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after processing.
Cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material is the Twospore Mushroom substratum take straw, soya-bean cake, dry pig manure as main raw material, the waste staying after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, the sward mixture that recycling daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after processing, sward volume ratio is 2:1.
The substrate products obtaining is analyzed to organic content 37%, total nitrogen content 1.2%, phosphorus content (P
2o
5) 0.9%, potassium content (K
2o) 0.8%, total nutrient 2.7%, pH is 6.2, EC value 1.7mS/cm, particle diameter is less than 5mm, meets raising rice seedlings requirement.
Embodiment 2
Get 1 cubic metre of pure chicken manure, 2 cubic metres, the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid, 4 cubic metres of the cow dungs of dairy cow farm, 3 cubic metres of mixing of cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material of breeding layer chicken field, water spray while stirring, make it to stir, make the final water content of compound reach 60%, evenly mix and stir, pile slivering buttress, start fermentation; In the time that stacking core temperature reaches 62 ℃, carry out a turning, make stockpile material inside and outside, evenly transposition up and down, once a day, 35 days, fermentation was completely; The mixture completely that ferments is dried, pulverizes, crosses 5mm sieve, be formed into product matrix.
The waste residue of cassava brew citric acid is take cassava as main raw material, extracts the waste staying after citric acid with microbe fermentation method, the mixture that recycling daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after processing.
Cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material is the Twospore Mushroom substratum take straw, soya-bean cake, dry pig manure as main raw material, the waste staying after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, the sward mixture that recycling daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after processing, sward volume ratio is 3:1.
The substrate products obtaining is analyzed to organic content 38%, total nitrogen content 1.1%, phosphorus content (P
2o
5) 1.0%, potassium content (K
2o) 0.7%, total nutrient 2.8%, pH is 6.1, EC value 1.8mS/cm, particle diameter is less than 5mm, meets raising rice seedlings requirement.
Adopt the matrix of the present embodiment 1 for raising rice seedlings, better than rice and fuel river matrix, the rice seedling well developed root system of cultivation, packing power is strong, and blade is roomy, bright in color, and disease and pest is few; Rice shoot is short strong strong, and anti-injured is strong especially, and seedling quality is good, and transplanting survival rate is high; The average plant height of rice shoot bringing out than conventional Nutrition Soil reduces by 10～15%, and the suitable cultivation phase extends about 5 days.
Test site: Sheng Da service cooperation for agricultural machinery of Zhu Lin village, Zhu Lin town, Jintan City of Jiangsu Province; Trial target type: japonica rice; Seedling raising method: mould dish; Sowing quantity: 3～3.5 kgs/acre of lands for growing field crops, seed soaking time: 72 hours, normal temperature vernalization; Sowing time: on May 20th, 2012, application rate: 130～150 grams/dish of bud paddy; Matrix and Nutrition Soil thickness: 2～2.5 centimetres, sow after 15 days embodiment 1 matrix and rice and fuel river matrix seedling effect in table 1.
Table 1 embodiment 1 matrix and the comparison of rice and fuel river matrix seedling effect
| Matrix | Adult seedling rate (%) | Leaf age (leaf) | Height of seedling (cm) | Hundred seedling dry weights (g) |
| Embodiment 1 matrix | 89.20 | 2.95 | 14.34 | 1.95 |
| Rice and fuel river | 85.60 | 2.88 | 12.27 | 2.02 |
| +、－ | 3.60 | 0.07 | 2.07 | -0.07 |
2011-2012, has implemented 35 demonstration pilot projects in 15 cooperative societies in 6 towns, Jintan City, and take rice and fuel river matrix as contrast, the application's matrix has three aspects: advantage generally:
The one, the growth security of emerging is more reliable.The rotten degree of raw material is high, acid-basicity and salt content suitable; Matrix ventilative, water conservation is effective.Do not occur that the seedling rate that raw material chemical factor causes is low, burn seedling seedling death phenomenon; Aqueous vapor condition strong adaptability, because of the inharmonious poor growth phenomenon of aqueous vapor few.
The 2nd, seedling growth is more sane.Leaf age, height of seedling is similar, dry weight is slightly little, and blade is straight and upright does not hang down loosely, and not prosperous length is altered height, and later stage bottom illumination condition is good, and radical leaves is withered and yellow, and seedling age elasticity is large late, and seedling growth security improves.
The 3rd, seedling agllutination solidity is good.The root quantity of rice shoot is many, look white, intensity is large, good springiness, and more than 90% seedling piece grabs a small amount of rice shoot and can cannot not carry loosely, and body is complete.Particularly, under the situation of excessively wet, overdrying, still can keep good elasticity, significantly be better than contrast.In carrying, seedling piece is broken few in machine transplanting of rice process, the rate of loss of rice shoot is low, arranges that seedling piece is consuming time to be greatly reduced when machine transplanting of rice operation, is having a clear superiority in improving aspect rice shoot utilization ratio, machine transplanting of rice operating efficiency.
Take above-mentioned foundation desirable embodiment of the present invention as enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff can, not departing from the scope of this invention technological thought, carry out various change and modification completely.The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content on specification sheets, must determine its technical scope according to claim scope.
Claims (9)
1. a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, it is characterized in that: this matrix is mixed 1～1.5:2～3:3～4:2.5～3 by volume by chicken manure, wine slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material, first adopt mix and stir, stacking, fermentation, then be dried, pulverize, sieve, be formed into product matrix.
2. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described chicken manure is the pure chicken manure of breeding layer chicken field.
3. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described wine slag is the waste residue of cassava brew citric acid.
4. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the cow dung that described cow dung is dairy cow farm.
5. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described edible fungus culturing waste material is cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material.
6. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the waste residue of described cassava brew citric acid is take cassava as main raw material, extract the waste staying after citric acid with microbe fermentation method, the mixture that recycling daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after processing.
7. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described cultivation of agaricus bisporus waste material is the Twospore Mushroom substratum take straw, soya-bean cake, dry pig manure as main raw material, the waste staying after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, the sward mixture that recycling daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after processing, sward volume ratio is 2～3:1.
8. a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the water content of described finished product matrix is that 20～30%, pH is 6～7, and unit weight is 500～600g/L.
9. the production method of a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A, by chicken manure, make slag, cow dung, edible fungus culturing waste material and mix 1～1.5:2～3:3～4:2.5～3 by volume, obtain compound;
B, step a gained compound is sprayed water while stirring, make it to stir, make the final water content of compound reach 50～60%, compound is is evenly mixed and stirred, piles slivering buttress;
C, fermentation: when stacking core temperature reaches 58～62 ℃, carry out a turning, make stockpile material inside and outside, evenly transposition up and down, once a day, 25～35 days, fermentation completely;
D, the mixture completely that ferments in step c is dried, pulverizes, is sieved, be formed into product matrix.
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| CN201410067480.3A CN103804039B (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2014-02-26 | A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN105218196A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-06 | 柳州市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance and preparation method thereof |
| CN105330409A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-17 | 周美文 | Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting |
| CN105753527A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-07-13 | 陈淑琴 | Organic vegetable soilless culture matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN107466723A (en) * | 2017-09-09 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏沃绿宝有机农业开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of rice nursery substrate |
| CN107556109A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-09 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | A kind of functional form lightweight rice seedling raising ground substance fertilizer and its production technology |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105753527A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-07-13 | 陈淑琴 | Organic vegetable soilless culture matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN105218196A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-06 | 柳州市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105330409A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-17 | 周美文 | Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting |
| CN107466723A (en) * | 2017-09-09 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏沃绿宝有机农业开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of rice nursery substrate |
| CN107556109A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-09 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | A kind of functional form lightweight rice seedling raising ground substance fertilizer and its production technology |
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