CN103444419A - Method for seedling raising and transplanting of cotton by utilizing fermentation bed wastes - Google Patents
Method for seedling raising and transplanting of cotton by utilizing fermentation bed wastes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for seedling raising and transplanting of cotton by utilizing fermentation bed wastes, belongs to the field of circular agriculture, and also belongs to the technical field of cotton culture. Treatment of fermentation bed wastes: drying the cultivated fermentation bed wastes, then uniformly mixing the fermentation bed wastes and sieved fine soil according to the ratio of 3:1, adding urea and adding a bactericide so as to prepare base materials for seedling raising of cotton, and then uniformly mixing water-retaining agent and the base materials for seedling raising of cotton according to the ratio of 1:500; seeding: placing the mixed base materials in seedling raising aperture disks, performing bud forcing on cotton seeds, and then selecting strong seeds and sowing the seeds in the aperture disks; seedbed management: moving the aperture disks in a plastic shelter, reinforcing management of moisture content, temperature and pest and disease damage of cotton seedlings to ensure realization of uniform and strong seedlings; transplanting: applying root growth promoting agent before transplanting, transplanting with the base materials, then casing soil, and watering enough for living of seedlings. According to the method, the fermentation bed wastes are fully utilized, the materials can be drawn conveniently, the economical and environmentally friendly effects are realized, the operation is simple, the cost is reduced, the raised cotton seedlings are uniform and strong, the mechanized transplanting is facilitated, and the very excellent popularization and application prospect is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing the fermentation bed waste material to carry out the raising seedling of cotton transplanting, belong to the circular agriculture field, also belong to the cotton culture technical field.
Background technology
Fermentation bed pig-breeding method is to utilize efficient probiotics and bedding and padding to build the fermentation bed matrix of pig growth, by macromolecular substances such as the cellulose in the metabolic consumption bedding and padding of function bacterium in the bed body, hemicelluloses, the fecaluria that simultaneously decomposes the live pig excretion, thus realize a kind of ecological cultivation method to the surrounding environment zero-emission.Fermentation bed pig-breeding technology is promoted in National Environmental section suggestion in 2008, with this technology, in China, promotes rapidly in recent years, and efficient utilization of the circulation of fermentation bed waste material becomes one of subject matter faced in production.At present, fermenting bed padding mainly be take wood sawdust, crops straw (paddy rice, cotton) as main, abundant fermentation through probiotics in breeding process is decomposed, the fermentation bed waste material contains the essential nutritive elements of crop growth such as abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur, and its moisture capacity and permeability are very good, the crop cultivation matrix of high-quality, but at present more single to the utilization of fermentation bed waste material, mainly be used as also field of fertilizer.
In Cotton in China is produced, soil property nutrition bowl seedling transplanting technology is an advanced practical cotton culture technology, and usable area accounts for the 40-60% of the cotton field gross area throughout the year.But along with rural labour's transfer, this technology recruitment is many, labour intensity is large, and the problem that the technology difficulty of implementation is large has restricted the Cotton Production development.For this reason, in recent years, numerous domestic R&D institution, manufacturing enterprise grow seedlings and have carried out many-sided exploration and research the light simplification of cotton.Its thinking is to replace traditional nutritive cube to be grown seedlings with light-duty nutrient matrix substantially.Matrix point disk seedling growing mode is promoted very fast in the main product cotton region at present, this seedling raising manners has light labor intensity, economize and plant, the saving of labor, be beneficial to plurality of advantages such as realizing factorial seedling growth and mechanization transplanting, but this light simple seedling raising manners is still incomplete, exist several problems to need solution badly: the main specialized factory that relies in (1) culture matrix source, every mu needs seedling medium 40-45 unit, cost is high, be difficult to accept (2) because this technology adopts point disk seedling growing in the situation that plant at present the not high peasant of cotton benefit, the shared matrix of individual plant cotton is less, and its culture matrix moisture capacity is poor, dehydration is fast, very easily produce high temperature during seedbed management in canopy and cause cotton seedling arid, easily cause not in time cotton seedling poor growth as watered, even dead, need to water foot " water of living " after forming the cotton transplantation of seedlings of this technology of " large seedling " phenomenon (3), in current Cotton Production, be still under the situation of " living at the mercy of the elements ", the difficulty of watering during transplanting is large, the cotton survival rate is low, seedling-slowing stage long (being generally 8-10 days), cause cotton plant to be buddingged, bloom late, the joint that produces effect is short with the cotton buds and bolls formation phase, ultimate output reduces, cost of cotton plantation increases, benefit reduces.The problems referred to above have restricted popularizing of matrix point disk seedling growing mechanization transplanting technology.
Summary of the invention
technical problem
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that waste material that utilizes fermentation bed for pig raising carries out the raising seedling of cotton transplanting.The method provides new technical thought for recycling of fermentation bed waste material, and reduced raising seedling of cotton matrix cost, the cotton shoot survival percent of its incubation is high, neat healthy and strong, add water-loss reducer in seedling raising process, solved the shortcoming of culture matrix " moisture capacity is poor, dehydration is fast ", in seedling raising process, using water wisely is more than 30%, after transplanting, cotton reduces the demand of " water of living ", and survival rate is high, substantially without seedling-slowing stage.The present invention takes full advantage of waste material, environmental protection, and cost is low.
technical scheme
Technical scheme for realizing that the object of the invention is taked, comprise the steps:
1) processing of fermentation bed waste material
The processing of fermentation bed waste material: will cultivate livestock and poultry and the fermentation bed waste material of " dead bed " dried after with the fine earth of crossing the water content 10-20% after 4 mesh sieves by volume 3:1 mix, ratio according to weight ratio 1:200 is added urea, then adds 80% wettable powder of carbendazim according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:500 and make raising seedling of cotton matrix;
2) medium in tray
Ratio and above-mentioned seedling medium by water-loss reducer according to weight ratio 1:500 mix, afterwards clean water poured into to matrix and repeatedly stirred, make the matrix water suction evenly, water content reaches 60% of own wt, again the matrix prepared is filled in seedling culture hole plate and smooths, 10 cave dishes are gently pressed after stack mutually, and being pressed the cave dish is the dark planting hole of self-assembling formation 3cm.
3) vernalization sowing
Be seeded in the dish of cave one, a cave by selecting healthy and strong cotton seed after cotton seed vernalization.
4) seedbed management
The cave dish of having sowed is put into to the plastic greenhouse insulation grows seedlings.When cottonseed encircles native rate while surpassing 50%, throw off the plastic film ventilation and heat.To transplanting first 7 days, control water content of substrate 20-30%, temperature of shed 22-30 ℃ at neat young plant Ye Pingzhan.Cotton seedling applies rooting promoter in 5-8 days before reaching suitable cultivation seedling age, and the wind hardening that works of going forward side by side, control water content of substrate 15% left and right.
5) transplant.
Described water-loss reducer is the cx6350 type water-loss reducer that Renqiu City North China chemical industry Co., Ltd produces.
Described rooting promoter is the plant root growth promoter that concentration that the ABT root-inducing powder is made is 1%, and the cotton seedlings of every 1000 strains need rooting promoter 50ml, and concrete using method is for to be stirred into rooting promoter in fine sand, and the fine sand that will contain afterwards rooting promoter is sprinkled into during cave coils.
beneficial effect
Comparing the present invention with existing seedling growing process has the following advantages:
(1) seedling medium of the present invention is mainly the fermentation bed waste material, thereby draws materials conveniently, greatly reduces cost, than every mu of cost-saved 35 yuan of left and right of commercialization seedling medium.
(2) the present invention has fully developed the approach that utilizes of fermentation bed waste material, has realized that the circulation of crops straw efficiently utilizes, and significantly improves the added value of fermentation bed waste material, does the income that increases by 1000 yuan of left and right per ton for seedling medium.Utilize the neat seedling of cotton seedling of its cultivation strong, well developed root system, resistance, and get seedling easily and the root system loss few, suitable for mechanization is transplanted.
(3) water-loss reducer is a kind of high molecular polymer with superelevation water-absorbing-retaining ability, its strong absorptive, water imbibition and slowly release the character such as water-based and make water-loss reducer can guarantee the water that needs of crop when arid occurs repeatedly.The present invention has improved the using method of water-loss reducer, and in original seedling growing process, water-loss reducer is mainly to dip in root to use when lifting; In the present invention before medium in tray water-loss reducer according to ratio and the seedling medium of weight ratio 1:500, mix.According to test, this using method had both reduced the recruitment cost of " dipping in root ", and mu is saved 1 of recruitment; Reduced again at seedling raising process mesostroma Yin Gaowen and the dead seedling of cotton that fast dehydration causes, the death rate of cotton seedling reduces by 15%, and without " large seedling " phenomenon, in seedling raising process, using water wisely is more than 30%.Even after transplanting, cotton seedling does not water and also can survive more than 5 days, reduced the demand of cotton to " water of living "; Survival rate after transplanting reaches more than 95%, and the substrate seedling transplanting survival rate in producing at present improves more than 5%.And due to the preserve moisture and fertility effect of water-loss reducer, cotton shoot root system is dead few, and root function is quick-recovery soon, so cotton seedling, substantially without seedling-slowing stage, is about 7-10 days and produce at present mesostroma its seedling-slowing stage of growing seedlings.
(4) in the present invention before sowing by cottonseed vernalization, selects healthy and strong cotton seed, can guarantee like this one, point disk seedling growing one cave, reduce below hole rate to 3%, improved the availability of cave dish and matrix, and in production at present cottonseed directly to sow its hole rate be more than 10%.
(5) the present invention has improved the using method of rooting promoter.Rooting promoter is the plant root growth promoter that concentration that the ABT root-inducing powder is made is 1%, and the cotton seedlings of every 1000 strains need rooting promoter 50ml.The present invention has improved the using method of rooting promoter, concrete using method is that cotton seedling reaches the suitable front 5-8 days of seedling age that plants, rooting promoter is stirred in fine sand, the fine sand that will contain afterwards rooting promoter is sprinkled in the dish of cave, dab cotton seedling and will be scattered in fine sand on blade and fall into the cave dish, rooting promoter is with watering and directly act on root system afterwards.This method of operating is simple, and rooting promoter can fully be absorbed by cotton seedling, and cotton shoot root is flourishing, and after transplanting, survival rate is high, and seedling-slowing stage is short.
major technique effect of the present invention:
1, cost-saving: as to adopt 35 yuan/mu of the existing substrate seedling techniques save matrix costs of the technology of the present invention, reduce by labor 3-4/mu, cost-saving 200 yuan of/mu left and right.
2, increase benefit: employing the technology of the present invention increases the added value of fermentation bed waste material, the benefit that increases by 1000 yuan of left and right per ton on the one hand.Can make on the other hand cotton shoot survival percent bring up to more than 95%, the substrate seedling transplanting survival rate in producing at present improves more than 5%.Cotton shoot root system is flourishing, after transplanting, substantially without seedling-slowing stage, and produce at present mesostroma its seedling-slowing stage of growing seedlings, be about 7-10 days, so cotton growth is quick, and every mu of unginned cotton can be increased production more than 25 kilograms, increases production more than 10%.
3, ecological benefits: fully developed the approach that utilizes of fermentation bed waste material, realized that the circulation of crops straw efficiently utilizes, increased economic benefit and the ecological benefits of circular agriculture.And because making using water wisely in seedling raising process, the using method of having improved water-loss reducer more than 30%, even the rear cotton seedling of transplanting does not water, also can not survive more than 5 days.
?
the specific embodiment of the invention
The enforcement time: 2012 years
Implement place: the Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute, Nanjing
Embodiment:
1) processing of fermentation bed waste material
To cultivate livestock and poultry and the fermentation bed waste material of " dead bed " dried after with sieve (4 order) after fine earth earth (water content 15% left and right) by volume 3:1 mix, add urea according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:200 afterwards, then add 80% wettable powder of carbendazim according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:500 and make raising seedling of cotton matrix.
2) medium in tray
Select the standard seedling culture hole plate that model is 72 holes (40mm*20mm*48mm), ratio by water-loss reducer according to weight ratio 1:500 fully mixes with the seedling medium of having handled well, again clean water poured into to matrix and repeatedly stirred, make the matrix water suction evenly, water content reaches 60% of own wt and gets final product sabot.The matrix prepared is filled in seedling culture hole plate and smooths, 10 cave dishes are gently pressed after stack mutually, being pressed the cave dish is the dark planting hole of self-assembling formation 3cm.
3) vernalization sowing
One day prior to seeding, cotton seed is put into to warm water vernalization, to select afterwards healthy and strong cotton seed and be seeded in cave dish, one, a cave, after planting cover one deck matrix again, and floating rear light suppression heats soil moisture conservation after covering plastic film.
4) seedbed management
The cave dish of having sowed is put into to plastic tunnel (or little shed) insulation grows seedlings.Seedbed should be smooth, and spread plastic film, prevents from pricking under cotton seedling later stage root system.Regulated and controled nursery temperature in canopy, cotton remains on 25-35 ℃ from emerging to the open and flat temperature that requires of cotyledon.When cottonseed encircles native rate while surpassing 50%, throw off the plastic film ventilation and heat.To transplanting first 7 days, control water content of substrate 20-30%, temperature of shed 22-30 ℃ at neat young plant Ye Pingzhan.Cotton seedling applies rooting promoter in 5-8 days before reaching suitable cultivation seedling age, and the wind hardening that works of going forward side by side, control water content of substrate 15%.Wherein rooting promoter is the plant root growth promoter that the concentration that the ABT root-inducing powder is made is 1%, the cotton seedling of every 1000 strains needs rooting promoter 50ml, concrete using method is for to be stirred into rooting promoter in fine sand, the fine sand that will contain afterwards rooting promoter is sprinkled in the dish of cave, dab cotton seedling and will be scattered in fine sand on blade and fall into the cave dish, rooting promoter is with watering and go deep into matrix and directly act on root system afterwards.
5) transplant
Reach the suitable seedling age of planting wholeheartedly the time at cotton seedling three leaves, the hardening of ventilating fully before transplanting, control water supply in media content well, cotton seedling red shank is more than half, and well developed root system is tightly lived the matrix dish, make cotton seedling be very easy to take out, during transplanting, carrying substrates is transplanted, earthing after transplanting.
implementation result:
1. within 2012, adopt the fermentation bed waste material to carry out the raising seedling of cotton transplanting, increase on the one hand the added value of 1000 yuan/tons, fermentation bed waste material, save on the other hand 35 yuan/mu of seedling medium costs, mu reduces 210 yuan of labors (3 work * 70 yuan /), cost-saving 245 yuan/mu.
2. improved the using method of water-loss reducer, both reduced the recruitment cost of " dipping in root ", mu is saved 1 of recruitment; Having guaranteed again can Yin Gaowen and dehydration fast at the seedling raising process mesostroma, and the death rate of cotton seedling reduces by 15%, and without " large seedling " phenomenon, in seedling raising process, using water wisely is more than 30%.Even do not water and also can survive more than 5 days after cotton transplantation of seedlings, survival rate reaches more than 95%, and the substrate seedling transplanting survival rate in producing at present improves more than 5%; And cotton seedling is substantially without seedling-slowing stage, and produce at present mesostroma its seedling-slowing stage of growing seedlings, it is about 7-10 days.
3. the neat seedling of cotton seedling that utilizes present technique to cultivate is strong, well developed root system, and strong stress resistance, get seedling easily and root system loses less, and very suitable for mechanization is transplanted.32.4 kg/acres of cotton unginned cotton volume increase in 2012, mu increases income 260 yuan, 505 yuan of mu cost-saving synergistics.
Claims (3)
1. a method of utilizing the fermentation bed waste material to carry out the raising seedling of cotton transplanting is characterized in that:
A) processing of fermentation bed waste material: will cultivate livestock and poultry and the fermentation bed waste material of " dead bed " dried after with the fine earth of crossing the water content 10-20% after 4 mesh sieves by volume 3:1 mix, ratio according to weight ratio 1:200 is added urea, then adds 80% wettable powder of carbendazim according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:500 and make raising seedling of cotton matrix;
B) medium in tray, before sabot, by water-loss reducer, ratio and the raising seedling of cotton matrix according to weight ratio 1:500 mixes, then clean water is poured into to matrix and repeatedly stirred, and makes the matrix water suction evenly, and water content reaches 60% of own wt;
Raising seedling of cotton cave dish is selected the standard seedling culture hole plate in 72 holes that model is 40mm*20mm*48mm, and the matrix prepared is filled in seedling culture hole plate and smooths, the light pressure after 10 cave dishes are superposeed mutually, being pressed cave to coil is the dark planting hole of self-assembling formation 3cm;
C) vernalization sowing: be seeded in the dish of cave one, a cave by selecting healthy and strong cotton seed after cotton seed vernalization;
D) seedbed management: the cave sowed dish is put into to plastic tunnel or the insulation of little shed is grown seedlings, seedbed should be smooth, and spread plastic film, prevent from pricking under cotton seedling later stage root system, cotton remains on 25-35 ℃ from emerging to the open and flat temperature that requires of cotyledon, when cottonseed encircles native rate while surpassing 50%, throw off the plastic film ventilation and heat, at neat young plant Ye Pingzhan to transplanting first 7 days, control water content of substrate 20-30%, temperature of shed 22-30 ℃, cotton seedling reaches the suitable front rooting promoter that applies in 5-8 days of seedling age of planting, the wind hardening that works of going forward side by side, controlling water content of substrate is 15% left and right;
E) transplant.
2. according to a kind of described method of utilizing the fermentation bed waste material to carry out the raising seedling of cotton transplanting of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water-loss reducer is cx6350 type water-loss reducer, by Renqiu City North China chemical industry Co., Ltd, is produced.
3. according to a kind of described method of utilizing the fermentation bed waste material to carry out the raising seedling of cotton transplanting of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rooting promoter is the plant root growth promoter that concentration that the ABT root-inducing powder is made is mass ratio 1%, the cotton seedling of every 1000 strains is used rooting promoter 50ml, concrete using method is for to be stirred into rooting promoter in fine sand, and the fine sand that will contain afterwards rooting promoter is sprinkled in the dish of cave.
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| CN103992155A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 太仓绿丰农业生物基质有限公司 | Manufacturing method of soilless culture substrate |
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| CN107771637A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-03-09 | 渠县金穗农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the plant cotton on hillside |
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| CN103444419B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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