CN103875333B - A kind of organic rice implantation methods - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of organic rice implantation methods, comprise that rice seed bag fertile is processed, grown seedlings, shoot transplanting equipment, four pass key control steps of site preparation and fertilization. In the present invention with coated fertilizer to rice seed processing, it is fertile that to plant dressing ratio be 35～50:1, after bag fertilizer, played improve percentage of seedgermination, promote seedling development, the effect that improves resistance. Be loaded with by use the fertilizer that the material of natural pest-resistant bacteriostatic activity is made in the later stage, the fertile economic benefits and social benefits of medicine, the generation that has greatly alleviated disease and pest, reduce later stage control number of times, the foliage fertilizer that uses marine algae extract to make the heading stage at rice, supplementing in time the fringe phase needs fertilizer, improves photosynthetic efficiency. The present invention have method simple, save labor, obviously improved economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural product production technical field, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods of organic rice.
Background technology
Organic agriculture refers in agricultural production, follows ecological law, does not substantially use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, chemical agentDeng synthetic material's product, and use fertilizer and the organic feeds such as excrement of animals, green manure, straw-returning, various lifes on probation as far as possibleThing and physical measure are carried out the mode of agriculture of prevention and elimination of disease and pests. 20 century 70s, organic agriculture is vigorously emerging in developed countryRise, organic agriculture is pollution-free, be conducive to ecological environmental protection and features good taste, safe and high quality, thus in the world more than 100 countriesObtained and applied rapidly, the organic agriculture of China is started in the nineties in 20th century, and taking plant product as main, the world is mainThe paddy rice of one of staple food crop be exactly one of them. Organic paddy rice, on the ground such as Heilungkiang, Fujian, has all obtained larger areaPlantation, 2011, the cultivated area of China's organic paddy rice just reached 11.9 ten thousand hm2。
Plantation organic paddy rice is significant to China, and China is large agricultural country. For a long time, the producer of traditional agricultureFormula is used the compounds such as chemical fertilizer, herbicide, additive in a large number, and ecological environment and bio-diversity have all been brought to harmful effect.And the plantation of organic paddy rice can meet the national requirement to high-grade rice product on the one hand, improve the safe, green of foodDegree. On the other hand, also help and reduce the agricultural pollution that excrement of animals, agricultural chemicals etc. cause, in addition, also help protection China rawThe diversity of state, promotes agriculture sustainable development. There are significant economy, society and ecological benefits.
China Patent No.: ZL201210370297.1, denomination of invention is: in the patent of organic paddy rice cultural method, discloseA kind of organic paddy rice cultural method, comprises (1) and cultivates rice shoot (2) Term Fertilization (3) rational close planting and four steps of (4) field managementSuddenly, its key is: described Term Fertilization is divided into two steps: the preparation that the first step is well-rotted farmyard manure and using: by microorganismFertilizer is evenly sprayed in farm manure, and covered with plastic film is processed and made after 21 days, then uses well-rotted farmyard manure in field; TheTwo steps are for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer and be less than in the depth of water in the rice field of 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days.
China Patent No.: ZL201310487652.8, denomination of invention: public in a kind of patent of cultural method of organic paddy riceOpen a kind of cultural method of organic paddy rice, comprised kind selection, seed treatment, the strong seedling of cultivation, Honda management, gather in the crops five in good timeLarge step. Wherein seed treatment comprises: (1) seed selection of basking seeds: soak seed and within first 5～7 days, select sunny calm weather to bask seeds 2～3 days,Stir every day 3～4 times, the seed after airing, through the specific gravity selection of row salt solution, salt solution proportion 1.13,50kg water is with crude saltGrain 12-12.5kg, fully dissolves; (2) presoaking and germinating: adopt electrical equipment heat, flue heat, two film heats etc., and Insulation entersRow seed soaking, more than when seed soaking, water layer will not have seed 20cm, 11～12 DEG C of temperature, the time is 5～7 days; Use constant temperature germinatorCarry out vernalization, germination temperature is 25～28 DEG C, and the time is 20～24 hours, and radical bud is two mountains type, in vernalization process in order to ensureBud is long consistent, the variations in temperature of upper, middle and lower layer in running check germinator, upper and lower, inside and outside fall kinds 2～3 times, keep plantingSub-temperature equalization. Field management comprises: water layer management, artificial weeding, spray foliage fertilizer, disease control. Spray foliage fertilizer concreteFor: use special powerful ferment organic foliar fertilizer to spray once mid-June in mid-term at rice tillering, spray one in each 7 days afterwardsInferior, spray altogether 2～3 times; Disease is mainly taking cultural control as main, by selecting disease-resistant variety, cultivating strong seedling, rational close planting, scienceThe paddy rice Healthy culture measures such as regulation and control fertilising, in good time dry field control excessive growth seedling prevent and treat.
From above-mentioned document, in agricultural production now, in order to ensure the yield and quality of organic paddy rice, adopt kindThe method of well-rotted farmyard manure and microorganism fertilizer is processed and used to son. But these having some limitations property of method: (1) rice seedSon, without the fertile nutrition processing of bag, may cause in the stage of growing seedlings that rice shoot survival rate is low, the quality of seedlings is poor, affects rice yield;(2) dispenser separates with fertilising, increased workload, and the present invention applies medicine fertilizer simultaneously, and two work are carried out together, improvesOperating efficiency, and medicine is fertile promotes mutually, has improved drug effect and fertilizer efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of organic rice, can overcome existing rice implantation methods and causeRice the Harmful Residue content is high, the problem that rice quality is poor.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Organic rice implantation methods of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) rice seed bag is fertile processes: select rice seed organic or that processed without banned substance, fine day basks seeds 3After～5 days, adopt coated fertilizer to do kind of dressing or wet kind of dressing to rice seed, seed manure dressing ratio is: 35～50:1.
The conventional seed of selecting organic rice seed or processing without banned substance, concrete kind can be: Jin You463, excellent 4024, five Feng You 308 of strain two, special excellent 63, T78 excellent 2155, rich excellent 253. Select kind should follow local soil andClimatic characteristic, selection have the kind of resistance to disease and pest, should take into full account that the heredity of cover crop is many in the selection of kindSample.
The weight of described coated fertilizer consists of: 1～10 part of marine algae extract, and 5～8 parts of borates, 15～25 parts, ground phosphate rock,10～20 parts of magnesium slags, 10～20 parts of potassium breezes, 20～45 parts of cyclodextrin, 5～8 parts of humic acid, surplus is starch.
The preparation method of described coated fertilizer: by borate, ground phosphate rock, magnesium slag and the coarse crushing of potassium breeze, be ground to 80～100 orders, then add according to the above ratio other component, be crushed to fineness 400～500 orders through airslide disintegrating mill, to obtain final product.
Described marine algae extract preparation method: collect marine algae material, add water, ultrasonication, is stirring speed after making beatingDegree is under 60～80 revs/min, to soak 20～25 days, obtains water extract, and suction filtration, dry, pulverize, and to obtain final product.
Described starch comprises cornstarch, tapioca, farina etc.
(2) grow seedlings: seeding and seedling raising after seed treatment, mu sowing 4.5 ~ 6kg, after planting uses covering with ground sheeting, for insulation withKeep soil moisture content.
(3) fertilising, dispenser: select suitable field, first extensive cultivation one time, is used the fertilizer of medicine carrying at rice plantation previous crops to be1000～2000kg/ mu for base manure mu; Then in the time that tillering, rice imposes 50～100kg/ mu; In the time that earing, rice imposes again 50～100kg/ mu, and spray marine alga foliage fertilizer aqua 1～2 time.
Described medicine carrying fertilizer Chinese medicine is fertile in being 12～20:80～88, and wherein medicine carrying composition comes from natural source material, groupBecome matrine, Herba Menthae powder, lime, muscardine, ratio is 1:5:2:7. Described Herba Menthae powder is plant peppermint (MenthaCanadensis) material extracting, described matrine is that plant kuh-seng (SophoraeFlavescentisRadix) extractsMaterial.
The quality control of described muscardine (Beauveriabassiana) pulvis is: the spore 9,000,000,000/g that on average lives, allows rippleMoving scope 85～12,000,000,000/g, spore germination rate is more than 95%, and moisture is below 3%.
Described fertilizer is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of manioc waste, filter mud of sugarcane, sea grass, chicken manure, skin of beancurd, peanut shell, its proportion of composingFor: 5:5:2:4:3:3; Take according to the above ratio rear mixing, become thoroughly decomposed, be dried, pulverize, to obtain final product.
Described medicine carrying preparation method of organic fertilizer is: after natural source farm chemical ingredients is mixed in proportion, mixes again with fertilizer,Pulverize granulation and get final product.
Described marine alga foliage fertilizer preparation method is: marine alga water extract in step (1) is added to chitosan and water, stir moltenSeparate, to obtain final product, component ratio is: 30～50 parts of marine alga water extracts, and 2～10 parts of chitosans, water is supplied 100 parts, for subsequent use. Described severalThe molecular weight of fourth glycan is 10000-100000.
(4) water layer management: rice seedling after transplanting, follow " period of seedling establishment deep water, tillering stage shallow water, breeding time intermittent irrigation andShine day, fringe after date water conservation again " principle.
Described dry-method coating is: coated fertilizer and natural mineral water are diluted for suspension 1:2～5 in proportion to concrete grammarFor with little watering can, the suspension preparing being sprayed onto in rice kind, stir on spray limit, limit, until mix thoroughly, then carries out vernalization.
Described wet method dressing is: first by 35～37 DEG C of emerge in worm water vernalization in 24～30 hours for rice kind, treat that seed breaks chestAfter showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, dress seed with coated fertilizer, when seed dressing, seed should keep moistening, adds after coated fertilizer, stirs back and forth, fully mix thoroughly,Make it to be evenly attached to the surface of the seed, place seeding and seedling raising after half an hour.
The fertilizer base manure using method of described medicine carrying is: dig the shallow ridges being arranged in parallel, ditch depth in more dry rice fieldApproximately 10～20cm, applies medicine carrying fertilizer in ditch, and then blinding or mud, poured water after 20 days, and approximately 5～10cm of water layer height protectsAfter water 5 days, rotary tillage, rakes.
The fertilizer of the described medicine carrying using method of topdressing is: front 3～5 days of rice plant of tillering stage and heading, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields yearMedicine fertilizer, if field has water conservation 7～10 days of water, if field lack of water need to pour water after water conservation.
The spray method of described marine alga foliage fertilizer is: 300～500 times of dilute with waters, and select fine day to execute without rainy day gas blowout, sprayIn latter 4 hours, meeting rain fills spray once.
Described period of seedling establishment deep water refers to after rice transplanting is transplanted to keeping the paddy field degree of depth between period of seedling establishment, but should not have seedlingThe heart is as the criterion; Shallow water referred to and kept shoaling layer in tillering stage described tillering stage, and the general depth of water is advisable with 3～5cm; Between described breeding timeHave a rest and irrigate and dry field refers to that entering in paddy rice the later stage of tillering will, taking dry field and intermittent irrigation as main, irrigate relief before earing at every turnIt is irrigated after naturally oozing and doing again; Described fringe after date again water conservation refers to water conservation after rice sword-like leave grows, and keeps profundal zone, afterIntermittent irrigation.
The planting process of organic rice meets National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T19630.1～19630.4-2005。
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, emerge neat, complete, strong. After using seed pelleting fertilizer of the present invention to rice seed Cotton seeds, can obviously carryHigh seed quality, several nutrition compositions wherein not only can provide seed required nutriment, also the tool kind that is significantly improvedThe effect of sub-anti-adversity ability, makes it fully absorb organic and other nutrient in soil, makes rice seed after fertilizer conservation is processedEmerge obviously neat, well developed root system.
2, the fertile same use of medicine, disease and pest alleviates. In the process of manure use, select nontoxic, natural pest-resistant Fungicidal substanceApply together undergroundly with fertilizer, in rice growth process, can play a protective role, recurrent planthopper, Fu ShouSpiral shell, various germ are difficult to encroach on crop, reduce medication number of times, improve quality.
3, the fertile treatment process of rice seed bag is simple, easy to operate. The coated fertilizer adopting is 400～500 mu, have dry method andTwo kinds of modes of wet method dressing, simple to operate, easily grasp; Fertilizer conservation processes germination to rice seed, survive etc. played fineProtective effect.
4, organic fertilizer formula is reasonable, and source is abundant. The fertilizer that in the present invention, organic rice plantation is used comes from GuangxiThe processed fertilizer such as cassava, sugarcane of establishing in large scale, raw material is easy to get, easy to process.
5, fertilizer obviously improves rice growing way, balanced in nutrition. In this fertilizer, contain manioc waste, filter mud of sugarcane, sea grass,The thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of chicken manure, skin of beancurd, peanut shell, is rich in nitrogen-fixing microorganism, makes spontaneous nitrogenous fertilizer abundance in soil, within whole growth period notDe-fertile, grow fine.
6, rice blade is black green, and photosynthesis is strong. The spraying of use marine algae extract, can improve rice blade for multipleThe absorption of nutrient, as potassium, boron etc., blade growing way is good, and color is black green, and the power that absorbs solar energy is strong, and photosynthesis is strong, syntheticNutriment efficiency is high.
7, improve rice immunity, high-output stress-resistance. Marine algae extract not only can promote the photosynthetic work of blade Determination of ChlorophyllWith, can also obviously improve the abilities such as drought resisting Resistant.
8, promote root system development, absorb nutrient ability and strengthen.
9, Rice Kernel is full, and not plump shell rate is low.
10, rice mouthfeel is good, and nutrition content is high. In whole growth cycle, forbidding chemical pesticide and chemical fertilizer, completelyUse natural anthelmintic substance and fertilizer, and the Macro and microelements containing in fertilizer can be absorbed by crops, promoteQuality.
11, effect of increasing production is obvious. With respect to the rice of conventional method plantation, the rice per mu yield that the inventive method is produced is averageImprove more than 15%, yield increase effect is obvious.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Organic rice implantation methods of the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) rice seed bag is fertile processes: the rice seed processed without banned substance is golden excellent 463, and fine day basks seeds 3～5After it, by coated fertilizer and natural mineral water in proportion 1:5 dilution be suspension, the suspension preparing is sprayed onto to rice with little watering canIn rice kind, stir on spray limit, limit, until mix thoroughly, then carries out vernalization.
The preparation method of described coated fertilizer: first prepare marine algae extract, collect marine algae material, add water, ultrasonication,After making beating, low whipping speed is under 80 revs/min, to soak 25 days, obtains water extract, and suction filtration, dry, pulverize, and to obtain final product; By breeze mealBroken, be ground to 80～100 orders, according to marine algae extract 50kg, borate 70kg, ground phosphate rock 200kg, potassium breeze 200kg, magnesium ore depositPowder 200kg, cyclodextrin 250kg, humic acid 60kg, cornstarch fully mixes after supplying 1000kg, pulverizes through airslide disintegrating millTo fineness 400～500 orders, to obtain final product.
(2) grow seedlings: seeding and seedling raising after seed treatment, mu sowing 15kg, after planting uses covering with ground sheeting, for insulation and maintenanceSoil moisture content.
(3) shoot transplanting equipment: transplant in the time that rice shoot height is 8～10cm, transplanting time is separated with order, line space is 10cm, strainDistance is 3cm, balled transplanting.
(4) wholely, fertilising: select suitable field, first extensive cultivation one time, digs in more dry rice field be arranged in parallel shallowDitch, ditch depth is 10～20cm approximately, and medicine carrying fertilizer 2000kg is applied in ditch, and then blinding or mud, poured water after 20 days, water layer heightApproximately 5～10cm, water conservation is after 5 days, rotary tillage; In rice plant of tillering stage and first 3～5 days of heading, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields respectively medicine carrying fertilizer100kg, if field has water conservation 7～10 days of water, if field lack of water need to pour water after water conservation; Spray marine alga blade face rich water at heading stageAgent 2 times, 300～500 times of dilute with waters, select fine day to execute without rainy day gas blowout, spray and in latter 4 hours, meet rain and fill spray once.
Medicine carrying preparation method of organic fertilizer is: first prepare medicine carrying composition, by matrine, Herba Menthae powder, lime, muscardine, ratioFor 1:5:2:7 accurately weighs total amount 100kg, mix rear pulverizing, for subsequent use; Prepare again fertilizer, by manioc waste, sugarcane filterMud, sea grass, chicken manure, skin of beancurd, peanut skin take rear mixing, become thoroughly decomposed, are dried, pulverize by proportion of composing 5:5:2:4:3:3, to obtain final product;Finally natural source farm chemical ingredients is mixed according to 20:80 ratio with fertilizer again, pulverize granulation and get final product.
Wherein the quality control of muscardine pulvis is: the spore 9,000,000,000/g that on average lives, allowable fluctuation range 85～12,000,000,000/g, sporeSub-germination rate is more than 95%, and moisture is below 3%.
Marine alga foliage fertilizer preparation method is: by 50 parts of marine alga water extracts in step (1), add 30 parts of chitosan (moleculesMeasure 10,000-100,000), add water and supply 100 parts, fully stirring and dissolving, to obtain final product.
During rice growth, rationally control moisture, after rice transplanting is transplanted to keeping the paddy field degree of depth between period of seedling establishment, butShould not have the seedling heart to be as the criterion; Keep shoaling layer in tillering stage, the general depth of water is advisable with 3～5cm; Entering in paddy rice the later stage of tillering takes outFringe in the past will be taking dry field and intermittent irrigation as main, and irrigate relief it naturally oozes after dry and irrigates at every turn; After rice sword-like leave growsWater conservation, and keep profundal zone, later intermittent irrigation.
The organic rice comparison more solito rice plantation field volume increase of producing by above inventive embodiments implantation methods23%, and rice has been carried out to national sector standard detection, the accurate heavy metal and pesticide remnant that detects of national standard requires all to meet phaseAnswer standard.
Embodiment 2 organic rice of the present invention in growth course disease and pest a situation arises
The rice outward appearance of embodiment 3 organic rice implantation methods of the present invention plantation, mouthfeel are significantly better than common riceRice
The sanitary index of the rice of embodiment 4 organic rice implantation methods plantation of the present invention
According to the agricultural industry criteria NY/T419-2007 of the People's Republic of China (PRC), to a kind of rice of planting of the embodiment of the present inventionDetect, result is as shown in the table:
Claims (6)
1. an organic rice implantation methods, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) rice seed bag is fertile processes: select rice seed organic or that processed without banned substance, fine day is basked seeds 3～5 daysAfter, adopt coated fertilizer to do kind of dressing or wet kind of dressing to rice seed, seed manure dressing ratio is: 35～50:1;
The weight of described coated fertilizer consists of: 1～10 part of marine algae extract, 5～8 parts of borates, 15～25 parts, ground phosphate rock, magnesium ore deposit10～20 parts, powder, 10～20 parts of potassium breezes, 20～45 parts of cyclodextrin, 5～8 parts of humic acid, surplus is starch;
The preparation method of described coated fertilizer: by ground phosphate rock, magnesium slag and the coarse crushing of potassium breeze, be ground to 80～100 orders, then by upperThe ratio of stating adds other component, is crushed to fineness 400～500 orders through airslide disintegrating mill, to obtain final product;
Described marine algae extract preparation method: collect marine algae material, add water, ultrasonication, after making beating, low whipping speed isUnder 60～80 revs/min, soak 20～25 days, obtain water extract, suction filtration, dry, pulverize, and to obtain final product;
(2) grow seedlings: seeding and seedling raising after seed treatment, mu sowing 4.5 ~ 6kg, after planting uses covering with ground sheeting, for insulation and maintenanceSoil moisture content;
(3) fertilising, dispenser: select suitable field, first extensive cultivation one time, using the fertilizer of medicine carrying is base manure at rice plantation previous crops1000～2000kg/ mu for mu; Then in the time that tillering, rice imposes 50～100kg/ mu; In the time that earing, rice imposes again 50～100kg/ mu, and spray marine alga foliage fertilizer aqua 1～2 time;
(4) water layer management: rice seedling is followed " period of seedling establishment deep water, tillering stage shallow water, breeding time intermittent irrigation and solarization after transplantingMy god, fringe after date water conservation again " principle;
Described medicine carrying fertilizer Chinese medicine is fertile in being 12～20:80～88, and wherein medicine carrying composition comes from natural source material, consists ofMatrine, Herba Menthae powder, lime, muscardine, ratio is 1:5:2:7;
The quality control of described muscardine pulvis is: the spore 9,000,000,000/g that on average lives, and allowable fluctuation range 85～12,000,000,000/g, spore is sproutedThe rate of sending out is more than 95%, and moisture is below 3%;
Described fertilizer is the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of manioc waste, filter mud of sugarcane, sea grass, chicken manure, skin of beancurd, peanut skin, and its proportion of composing is: 5:5:2:4:3:3; Take in proportion rear mixing, become thoroughly decomposed, be dried, pulverize, to obtain final product;
Described medicine carrying preparation method of organic fertilizer is: after natural source farm chemical ingredients is mixed in proportion, mix powder with fertilizer againBroken, granulation and get final product;
Described marine alga foliage fertilizer preparation method is: marine alga water extract in step (1) is added to chitosan and water, and stirring and dissolving,Obtain, component ratio is: 30～50 parts of marine alga water extracts, and 2～10 parts of chitosans, water is supplied 100 parts, for subsequent use;
The molecular weight of described chitosan is 10000-100000;
The spray method of described marine alga foliage fertilizer is: 300～500 times of dilute with waters, and select fine day to execute without rainy day gas blowout, spray rear 4In hour, meeting rain fills spray once.
2. organic rice implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described dry-method coating is: by coated fertilizerDilute for suspension 1:2～5 in proportion with natural mineral water, concrete grammar is, with little watering can, the suspension preparing is sprayed onto to riceIn rice kind, stir on spray limit, limit, until mix thoroughly, then carries out vernalization.
3. organic rice implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described wet method dressing is: first by riceKind with the vernalization in 24～30 hours of 35～37 DEG C of emerge in worm water, after seed breaks chest and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, dress seed with coated fertilizer, kind when seed dressingIt is moistening that son should keep, and adds after coated fertilizer, stirs back and forth, fully mixes thoroughly, makes it to be evenly attached to the surface of the seed, places half an hourRear seeding and seedling raising.
4. organic rice implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilizer base manure of described medicine carrying usesMethod is: dig in more dry rice field the shallow ridges being arranged in parallel, ditch depth 10～20cm, applies medicine carrying fertilizer in ditch, soRear blinding or mud, poured water after 20 days, water layer height 5～10cm, and water conservation is after 5 days, and rotary tillage, rakes.
5. organic rice implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the use of topdressing of the fertilizer of described medicine carryingMethod is: first 3～5 days of rice plant of tillering stage and heading, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields medicine carrying fertilizer, if field has water conservation 7～10 days of water,Water conservation after if field lack of water needs to pour water.
6. organic rice implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described period of seedling establishment deep water refers in paddy riceRice transplanting transplant after to keeping the paddy field degree of depth between period of seedling establishment, but should not have the seedling heart to be as the criterion; Shallow water referred to and tillered described tillering stagePhase keeps shoaling layer, and the general depth of water is advisable with 3～5cm; Intermittent irrigation and dry field referred in paddy rice and entered and tiller described breeding timeWill be taking dry field and intermittent irrigation as main before later stage heading, irrigate relief it naturally oozes after dry and irrigates at every turn; Described fringe after dateWater conservation refers to water conservation after rice sword-like leave grows again, and keeps profundal zone, later intermittent irrigation.
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