CN111345211A - Breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke - Google Patents
Breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke, which comprises the following steps: 1) seed selection: selecting seeds which are produced in the same year and have full grains, selecting seeds by a water selection method, putting the seeds into a treatment solution for stirring for 2-3 min, selecting the seeds which are sunk into the bottom of the treatment solution after the stirring is stopped, putting the seeds into a cool place for airing to be half-dry, and spraying a disinfection culture solution before sowing the seeds; 2) selecting land; 3) land preparation and fertilization; 4) planting; 5) managing; 6) fertilizing; compared with the prior art, the yield of the costus root is improved by 30-40%, the survival rate is improved to more than 95%, the growth vigor of the plant is good, no bacteria harm exists, the planting life is shortened, the quality of the costus root is improved, the disease and insect pest resistance is enhanced, the costus root can be planted for a long time, and the soil hardening is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicine planting, in particular to a breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke.
Background
Saussurea lappa auklandia japoa decne (medicinal root of Compositae plant) saussurea lappa does not belong to Chinese native product, and is a foreign product. In 1935, the ministerial of the festival of Yunnan province, the province of Heinese, Zhang Xiang nationality, in California of India, brought back 0.5 kg of the seeds of saussurea lappa and the cultivation method, and planted in Shanjiang county, Shanjiang province, Lu ten days, after the seeds are successfully planted, gradually popularized to other provinces, such as Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Tibet and the like. Decades of planting prove that the Yunan Lijiang area has the best yield and the best quality, so the Yunan costus root is called as Yunan costus root in the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The Sichuan province was successfully planted in Wanxian, Fuling, Liangshan, Mianyang, Kaixian, and Nanchuan provinces introduced from Yunnan in 1958. From 1965, Xuanhhan county introduced saussurea lappa from Lijiang of Yunnan province and planted in alpine regions of zones such as Qin, free, estuary and ferry of fan kuai region. The region has the characteristics of deep soil layer, high mountain height, more clouds and fog, cold and humid climate, moderate gradient and low water accumulation tendency, and is very suitable for the growth of the saussurea lappa. 82 kg is purchased in 1966, and after three years, the average yield per mu is about 300-500 kg. At present, the planting area of the inula lappa in the county is about 5 ten thousand mu, and the annual output reaches 500 ten thousand kilograms. The planting in nearly half a century proves that the introduction of the traditional Chinese medicine is successful and becomes one of the large varieties of the traditional Chinese medicine in Xuanhhan county. However, with the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the contradiction accumulated in the production of saussurea lappa Clarke of Xuanhhan county for a long time is increasingly manifested, and is intensively manifested in: the land is struggled with forests in 6 years by continuous cropping and stubble changing, the seed breeding periodicity is long, the contradiction between massive rural labor transfer and massive labor investment for the costus root production is prominent, the costus root production cost is increased, the development of costus root production in Xuanhhan county is severely restricted, and the integration of costus root continuous cropping cultivation technology is urgently needed.
Ludian county is located in the northeast of Yunnan province and at the north bank of cowry fence river. The ground crosses 26 degrees 59 to 27 degrees 32 'of north latitude, and the east longitude crosses 103 degrees 09 to 103 degrees 40'. Northeast China borders Zhaotong City, southeast China borders Guizhou, and south and west countries are in the hope of being separated from the two counties of the skillful family. The county has east-west transverse distance of 50 kilometers and north-south longitudinal distance of 60 kilometers. The total area is 1487 square kilometers, wherein 1305.45 square kilometers in the mountain area account for 87.9 percent of the total area, and 180 square kilometers in the dam area account for 12.1 percent. County, ludian has cultivated land 32252 hectare, with paddy field 2227 hectare. Northwest of the cloud noble plateau in ludian county, and southeast of the Yunnan north plateau. Comprises a river (NINGBAOJIANG), two mountains (WUMENGSHAN, WULIANFENG), three rivers (Dragon tree river, Sanba river, and Zhaolu river), and two dams (Wentang dam and Longshu dam). The terrain is high on both sides, the middle is low and flat, the landform is wrong and complex, and the terrain comprises deep cutting mountains, middle cutting mountains, karst plateaus, mixed hills, plateau lake basins and cut-off valley dams. The altitude is 3356 m at the highest, 568 m at the lowest and 1917 m at county city altitude. The Ludian territory belongs to the low latitude mountain monsoon climate, has little temperature difference in four seasons, has no severe cold in winter, has no summer heat in 180 days in frost period, and has prominent three-dimensional climate characteristics. The annual average temperature is 12.1 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 923.5 mm, and the method is suitable for planting, developing and using the gentiana macrophylla.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke.
The scheme of the invention is as follows:
a breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke comprises the following steps:
1) seed selection: selecting seeds which are produced in the same year and have full grains, selecting seeds by a water selection method, putting the seeds into a treatment solution for stirring for 2-3 min, selecting the seeds which are sunk into the bottom of the treatment solution after the stirring is stopped, putting the seeds into a cool place for airing to be half-dry, and spraying a disinfection culture solution before sowing the seeds;
2) selecting land: selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 2000-3400, small temperature difference in four seasons, average annual temperature of 10-15 ℃, annual precipitation of 800-1000 mm, smooth terrain, landform arrangement, loosening and water retention and strong fertility preservation; the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the humidity is high, so that the water is supplied to hillsides, valleys or flat bottoms;
3) land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing the selected land, airing for 2-3 days after the ground is deeply ploughed and uniformly fertilizing the ground line, continuously spraying culture fertilizers after the ground is aired, then deeply turning again, and uniformly scattering disease and pest resistant culture soil;
4) planting, namely sowing the seeds in the step 1) in the first ten days of 3 or 4 months, performing triangular hole sowing before sowing, wherein the hole distance is 10-20 cm, × 20-30 cm, and after the seeds are planted in the holes, scattering a maintenance agent into the holes, and finally uniformly covering and weeding;
5) management: daily deinsectization, weeding after seedling emergence, weeding after seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, weeding in the late ten days of the year in 6 or 7 months, weeding when new leaves grow out from green-returning seedlings, weeding 2-3 months before harvest in the next year, and picking off branched buds when the seedlings enter the bud emergence period;
6) fertilizing: after the seedlings emerge, spraying a seedling-assisting fertilizer, topdressing after the seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, topdressing in the current 6 or 7 months, topdressing when the striking-green seedlings emerge new leaves, and topdressing 2-3 months before the next harvest;
7) harvesting: and spraying a protective solution and then harvesting.
As a preferred technical scheme, the treatment fluid comprises water, salt, seaweed powder, grifola and chitosan, and the ratio of the treatment fluid to the chitosan is 92: 4: 2: 1: 0.5-1.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the disinfection culture solution comprises water, potassium permanganate, dandelion, a fructus cnidii extract, oyster powder, trace elements and liquid ammonia in a ratio of 65: 0.2-0.4: 6:5: 15: 0.02-0.05: 14 to 15.
As a preferred technical scheme, the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer containing N more than or equal to 15%, P2O5 more than or equal to 15% and K2O more than or equal to 15% in mass fraction.
According to a preferable technical scheme, the culture fertilizer comprises fish pond sludge, organic fertilizer, catechu extract and caesalpinia extract, and the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the caesalpinia extract is 45:25:16: 14.
Preferably, the disease and pest resistant culture soil comprises sandy loam, humus, poncirus trifoliata extract, plantain seed and xanthium sibiricum extract, and the proportion of the extract is 45: 35:16: 1-2: 2.
As a preferred technical scheme, the maintenance agent comprises sandy loam, dimethoate emulsion, ginkgo biloba extract, compound fertilizer, masson pine and cacumen biotae in a ratio of 92:0.05:2:4: 1: 1.
according to a preferable technical scheme, the seedling assisting fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer, bamboo cypress, castor oil and 5-nitroguaiacol, and the proportion of the compound fertilizer to the castor oil to the 5-nitroguaiacol is 76:20: 3: 0.5 to 1.
According to a preferable technical scheme, the protective solution comprises water, sepiolite powder, chinaberry fruit, a sophora flavescens extract and a calamus extract, and the proportion of the materials is 83:6:3:5: 3.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the breeding and planting method of the saussurea lappa comprises the following steps:
1) selecting seeds which are produced in the same year and have full grains, selecting seeds which are selected by a water selection method, putting the seeds into a treatment solution for stirring for 2-3 min, after stirring is stopped, selecting seeds which are sunk to the bottom of the treatment solution, putting the seeds into a shady and cool place for airing to be semi-dry, spraying a disinfection culture solution before sowing the seeds, 2) selecting the field with an altitude of 2000-3400 and a small temperature difference in four seasons, setting the average annual temperature at 10-15 ℃, setting the annual precipitation amount at 800-1000 mm, setting up the terrain, loosening and preserving water, and spraying a strong fertility-preserving sandy soil, arranging and irrigating a hillside, a valley or a flat bottom with a convenient water source and large humidity, 3) preparing and fertilizing the field, performing deep ploughing on the selected field, uniformly applying a base fertilizer on a deep ploughed ground line, airing for 2-3 days, continuously spraying a culture fertilizer after sun drying, then performing deep ploughing again, uniformly spraying a disease-resistant culture soil, uniformly spraying the fertilizer on the fertilizer after seedling emergence, 4) planting, uniformly applying the seeds in ten days, sowing on 3 or 4) in ten days, sowing seeds in a triangular hole, sowing the next day, applying a 10 cm, harvesting the next time, harvesting the field, planting, performing topdressing on the field, sowing the field, planting, sowing the field after 7 cm, planting, performing topdressing the field, sowing the field, performing topdressing.
The invention has the advantages that:
compared with the existing method, the yield of the costus root is improved by 30-40%, the survival rate is improved to more than 95%, the growth vigor of the plant is good, no disease and pest damage is caused, the planting life is shortened, the quality of the costus root output is improved, the disease and pest resistance is enhanced, the costus root can be planted for a long time, and the soil hardening is avoided.
Detailed Description
In order to make up for the defects, the invention provides a breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke to solve the problems in the background technology.
A breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke comprises the following steps:
1) seed selection: selecting seeds which are produced in the same year and have full grains, selecting seeds by a water selection method, putting the seeds into a treatment solution for stirring for 2-3 min, selecting the seeds which are sunk into the bottom of the treatment solution after the stirring is stopped, putting the seeds into a cool place for airing to be half-dry, and spraying a disinfection culture solution before sowing the seeds;
2) selecting land: selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 2000-3400, small temperature difference in four seasons, average annual temperature of 10-15 ℃, annual precipitation of 800-1000 mm, smooth terrain, landform arrangement, loosening and water retention and strong fertility preservation; the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the humidity is high, so that the water is supplied to hillsides, valleys or flat bottoms;
3) land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing the selected land, airing for 2-3 days after the ground is deeply ploughed and uniformly fertilizing the ground line, continuously spraying culture fertilizers after the ground is aired, then deeply turning again, and uniformly scattering disease and pest resistant culture soil;
4) planting, namely sowing the seeds in the step 1) in the first ten days of 3 or 4 months, performing triangular hole sowing before sowing, wherein the hole distance is 10-20 cm, × 20-30 cm, and after the seeds are planted in the holes, scattering a maintenance agent into the holes, and finally uniformly covering and weeding;
5) management: daily deinsectization, weeding after seedling emergence, weeding after seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, weeding in the late ten days of the year in 6 or 7 months, weeding when new leaves grow out from green-returning seedlings, weeding 2-3 months before harvest in the next year, and picking off branched buds when the seedlings enter the bud emergence period;
6) fertilizing: after the seedlings emerge, spraying a seedling-assisting fertilizer, topdressing after the seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, topdressing in the current 6 or 7 months, topdressing when the striking-green seedlings emerge new leaves, and topdressing 2-3 months before the next harvest;
7) harvesting: and spraying a protective solution and then harvesting.
The treatment liquid comprises water, salt, seaweed powder, grifola and chitosan, and the ratio of the treatment liquid to the chitosan is 92: 4: 2: 1: 0.5-1.
The disinfection culture solution comprises water, potassium permanganate, dandelion, fructus cnidii extract, oyster powder, trace elements and liquid ammonia, and the proportion of the water to the potassium permanganate to the dandelion, the fructus cnidii extract to the oyster powder is 65: 0.2-0.4: 6:5: 15: 0.02-0.05: 14 to 15.
The base fertilizer is composed of decomposed farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer containing more than or equal to 15% of N, more than or equal to 15% of P2O5 and more than or equal to 15% of K2O in percentage by mass.
The culture fertilizer comprises fish pond sludge, organic fertilizer, catechu extract and caesalpinia extract in a ratio of 45:25:16: 14.
The disease and pest resistant culture soil comprises sandy loam, humus, poncirus trifoliata extract, plantain seed and cocklebur fruit extract, and the proportion is 45: 35:16: 1-2: 2.
The maintenance agent comprises sandy loam, dimethoate emulsion, ginkgo extract, compound fertilizer, masson pine and cacumen biotae, and the proportion of the maintenance agent to the cacumen biotae is 92:0.05:2:4: 1: 1.
the seedling assisting fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer, bamboo cypress, castor oil and 5-nitroguaiacol, and the proportion of the compound fertilizer to the castor oil to the 5-nitroguaiacol is 76:20: 3: 0.5 to 1.
The protective solution comprises water, sepiolite powder, chinaberry fruit, radix sophorae flavescentis extract and calamus extract in a ratio of 83:6:3:5: 3.
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1:
1) seed selection: selecting seeds which are produced in the same year and have full grains, selecting seeds by a water selection method, putting the seeds into a treatment solution for stirring for 2-3 min, selecting the seeds which are sunk into the bottom of the treatment solution after the stirring is stopped, putting the seeds into a cool place for airing to be half-dry, and spraying a disinfection culture solution before sowing the seeds;
2) selecting land: selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 2000-3400, small temperature difference in four seasons, average annual temperature of 10-15 ℃, annual precipitation of 800-1000 mm, smooth terrain, landform arrangement, loosening and water retention and strong fertility preservation; the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the humidity is high, so that the water is supplied to hillsides, valleys or flat bottoms;
3) land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing the selected land, airing for 2-3 days after the ground is deeply ploughed and uniformly fertilizing the ground line, continuously spraying culture fertilizers after the ground is aired, then deeply turning again, and uniformly scattering disease and pest resistant culture soil;
4) planting, namely sowing the seeds in the step 1) in the first ten days of 3 or 4 months, performing triangular hole sowing before sowing, wherein the hole distance is 10-20 cm, × 20-30 cm, and after the seeds are planted in the holes, scattering a maintenance agent into the holes, and finally uniformly covering and weeding;
5) management: daily deinsectization, weeding after seedling emergence, weeding after seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, weeding in the late ten days of the year in 6 or 7 months, weeding when new leaves grow out from green-returning seedlings, weeding 2-3 months before harvest in the next year, and picking off branched buds when the seedlings enter the bud emergence period;
6) fertilizing: after the seedlings emerge, spraying a seedling-assisting fertilizer, topdressing after the seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, topdressing in the current 6 or 7 months, topdressing when the striking-green seedlings emerge new leaves, and topdressing 2-3 months before the next harvest;
7) harvesting: and spraying a protective solution and then harvesting.
The treatment liquid comprises water, salt, seaweed powder, grifola and chitosan, and the ratio of the treatment liquid to the chitosan is 92: 4: 2: 1:0.5.
The disinfection culture solution comprises water, potassium permanganate, dandelion, fructus cnidii extract, oyster powder, trace elements and liquid ammonia in a ratio of 65:0.2:6:5: 15: 0.02: 14.
the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer containing more than or equal to 15% of N, more than or equal to 15% of P2O5 and more than or equal to 15% of K2O in percentage by mass.
The culture fertilizer comprises fish pond sludge, organic fertilizer, catechu extract and caesalpinia extract in a ratio of 45:25:16: 14.
The disease and pest resistant culture soil comprises sandy loam, humus, poncirus trifoliata extract, plantain seed and cocklebur fruit extract, and the proportion is 45: 35:16:1:2.
The maintenance agent comprises sandy loam, dimethoate emulsion, ginkgo extract, compound fertilizer, masson pine and cacumen biotae, and the proportion of the maintenance agent to the cacumen biotae is 92:0.05:2:4: 1: 1.
the seedling assisting fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer, bamboo cypress, castor oil and 5-nitroguaiacol, and the proportion of the compound fertilizer to the castor oil to the 5-nitroguaiacol is 76:20: 3: 0.5.
the protective solution comprises water, sepiolite powder, chinaberry fruit, radix sophorae flavescentis extract and calamus extract in a ratio of 83:6:3:5: 3.
Example 2:
1) seed selection: selecting seeds which are produced in the same year and have full grains, selecting seeds by a water selection method, putting the seeds into a treatment solution for stirring for 2-3 min, selecting the seeds which are sunk into the bottom of the treatment solution after the stirring is stopped, putting the seeds into a cool place for airing to be half-dry, and spraying a disinfection culture solution before sowing the seeds;
2) selecting land: selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 2000-3400, small temperature difference in four seasons, average annual temperature of 10-15 ℃, annual precipitation of 800-1000 mm, smooth terrain, landform arrangement, loosening and water retention and strong fertility preservation; the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the humidity is high, so that the water is supplied to hillsides, valleys or flat bottoms;
3) land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing the selected land, airing for 2-3 days after the ground is deeply ploughed and uniformly fertilizing the ground line, continuously spraying culture fertilizers after the ground is aired, then deeply turning again, and uniformly scattering disease and pest resistant culture soil;
4) planting, namely sowing the seeds in the step 1) in the first ten days of 3 or 4 months, performing triangular hole sowing before sowing, wherein the hole distance is 10-20 cm, × 20-30 cm, and after the seeds are planted in the holes, scattering a maintenance agent into the holes, and finally uniformly covering and weeding;
5) management: daily deinsectization, weeding after seedling emergence, weeding after seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, weeding in the late ten days of the year in 6 or 7 months, weeding when new leaves grow out from green-returning seedlings, weeding 2-3 months before harvest in the next year, and picking off branched buds when the seedlings enter the bud emergence period;
6) fertilizing: after the seedlings emerge, spraying a seedling-assisting fertilizer, topdressing after the seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, topdressing in the current 6 or 7 months, topdressing when the striking-green seedlings emerge new leaves, and topdressing 2-3 months before the next harvest;
7) harvesting: and spraying a protective solution and then harvesting.
As a preferred technical scheme, the treatment fluid comprises water, salt, seaweed powder, grifola and chitosan, and the ratio of the treatment fluid to the chitosan is 92: 4: 2: 1:1.
The disinfection culture solution comprises water, potassium permanganate, dandelion, fructus cnidii extract, oyster powder, trace elements and liquid ammonia in a ratio of 65:0.4:6:5: 15: 0.05: 15.
the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer containing more than or equal to 15% of N, more than or equal to 15% of P2O5 and more than or equal to 15% of K2O in percentage by mass.
The culture fertilizer comprises fish pond sludge, organic fertilizer, catechu extract and caesalpinia extract in a ratio of 45:25:16: 14.
The disease and pest resistant culture soil comprises sandy loam, humus, poncirus trifoliata extract, plantain seed and cocklebur fruit extract, and the proportion is 45: 35:16:2:2.
The maintenance agent comprises sandy loam, dimethoate emulsion, ginkgo extract, compound fertilizer, masson pine and cacumen biotae, and the proportion of the maintenance agent to the cacumen biotae is 92:0.05:2:4: 1: 1.
the seedling assisting fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer, bamboo cypress, castor oil and 5-nitroguaiacol, and the proportion of the compound fertilizer to the castor oil to the 5-nitroguaiacol is 76:20: 3: 1.
the protective solution comprises water, sepiolite powder, chinaberry fruit, radix sophorae flavescentis extract and calamus extract in a ratio of 83:6:3:5: 3.
Example 3:
1) seed selection: selecting seeds which are produced in the same year and have full grains, selecting seeds by a water selection method, putting the seeds into a treatment solution for stirring for 2-3 min, selecting the seeds which are sunk into the bottom of the treatment solution after the stirring is stopped, putting the seeds into a cool place for airing to be half-dry, and spraying a disinfection culture solution before sowing the seeds;
2) selecting land: selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 2000-3400, small temperature difference in four seasons, average annual temperature of 10-15 ℃, annual precipitation of 800-1000 mm, smooth terrain, landform arrangement, loosening and water retention and strong fertility preservation; the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the humidity is high, so that the water is supplied to hillsides, valleys or flat bottoms;
3) land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing the selected land, airing for 2-3 days after the ground is deeply ploughed and uniformly fertilizing the ground line, continuously spraying culture fertilizers after the ground is aired, then deeply turning again, and uniformly scattering disease and pest resistant culture soil;
4) planting, namely sowing the seeds in the step 1) in the first ten days of 3 or 4 months, performing triangular hole sowing before sowing, wherein the hole distance is 10-20 cm, × 20-30 cm, and after the seeds are planted in the holes, scattering a maintenance agent into the holes, and finally uniformly covering and weeding;
5) management: daily deinsectization, weeding after seedling emergence, weeding after seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, weeding in the late ten days of the year in 6 or 7 months, weeding when new leaves grow out from green-returning seedlings, weeding 2-3 months before harvest in the next year, and picking off branched buds when the seedlings enter the bud emergence period;
6) fertilizing: after the seedlings emerge, spraying a seedling-assisting fertilizer, topdressing after the seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, topdressing in the current 6 or 7 months, topdressing when the striking-green seedlings emerge new leaves, and topdressing 2-3 months before the next harvest;
7) harvesting: and spraying a protective solution and then harvesting.
As a preferred technical scheme, the treatment fluid comprises water, salt, seaweed powder, grifola and chitosan, and the ratio of the treatment fluid to the chitosan is 92: 4: 2: 1:0.8.
The disinfection culture solution comprises water, potassium permanganate, dandelion, fructus cnidii extract, oyster powder, trace elements and liquid ammonia in a ratio of 65:0.3:6:5: 15: 0.03: 14.
the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer containing more than or equal to 15% of N, more than or equal to 15% of P2O5 and more than or equal to 15% of K2O in percentage by mass.
The culture fertilizer comprises fish pond sludge, organic fertilizer, catechu extract and caesalpinia extract in a ratio of 45:25:16: 14.
The disease and pest resistant culture soil comprises sandy loam, humus, poncirus trifoliata extract, plantain seed and cocklebur fruit extract, and the proportion is 45: 35:16:1:2.
The maintenance agent comprises sandy loam, dimethoate emulsion, ginkgo extract, compound fertilizer, masson pine and cacumen biotae, and the proportion of the maintenance agent to the cacumen biotae is 92:0.05:2:4: 1: 1.
the seedling assisting fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer, bamboo cypress, castor oil and 5-nitroguaiacol, and the proportion of the compound fertilizer to the castor oil to the 5-nitroguaiacol is 76:20: 3: 1.
the protective solution comprises water, sepiolite powder, chinaberry fruit, radix sophorae flavescentis extract and calamus extract in a ratio of 83:6:3:5: 3.
Experiments are carried out in Ludian, Yulong county, and the yield of the example 3 is 38% higher than that of a control field by comparing the field planted by the method of the example 3 with the control field of the prior planting technology; the germination rate of the planting field is 97 percent, and the germination rate of the comparison field is 84 percent; 75% of the harvested planting field which reaches the standard of first-grade saussurea lappa; the harvested comparison field reaches 38 percent of the standard of first-class saussurea lappa.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed selection: selecting seeds which are produced in the same year and have full grains, selecting seeds by a water selection method, putting the seeds into a treatment solution for stirring for 2-3 min, selecting the seeds which are sunk into the bottom of the treatment solution after the stirring is stopped, putting the seeds into a cool place for airing to be half-dry, and spraying a disinfection culture solution before sowing the seeds;
2) selecting land: selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 2000-3400, small temperature difference in four seasons, average annual temperature of 10-15 ℃, annual precipitation of 800-1000 mm, smooth terrain, landform arrangement, loosening and water retention and strong fertility preservation; the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the humidity is high, so that the water is supplied to hillsides, valleys or flat bottoms;
3) land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing the selected land, airing for 2-3 days after the ground is deeply ploughed and uniformly fertilizing the ground line, continuously spraying culture fertilizers after the ground is aired, then deeply turning again, and uniformly scattering disease and pest resistant culture soil;
4) planting, namely sowing the seeds in the step 1) in the first ten days of 3 or 4 months, performing triangular hole sowing before sowing, wherein the hole distance is 10-20 cm, × 20-30 cm, and after the seeds are planted in the holes, scattering a maintenance agent into the holes, and finally uniformly covering and weeding;
5) management: daily deinsectization, weeding after seedling emergence, weeding after seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, weeding in the late ten days of the year in 6 or 7 months, weeding when new leaves grow out from green-returning seedlings, weeding 2-3 months before harvest in the next year, and picking off branched buds when the seedlings enter the bud emergence period;
6) fertilizing: after the seedlings emerge, spraying a seedling-assisting fertilizer, topdressing after the seedlings grow to 6-7 main leaves, topdressing in the current 6 or 7 months, topdressing when the striking-green seedlings emerge new leaves, and topdressing 2-3 months before the next harvest;
7) harvesting: and spraying a protective solution and then harvesting.
2. The breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the treatment liquid comprises water, salt, seaweed powder, grifola and chitosan, and the ratio of the treatment liquid to the chitosan is 92: 4: 2: 1: 0.5-1.
3. The breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the disinfection culture solution comprises water, potassium permanganate, dandelion, fructus cnidii extract, oyster powder, trace elements and liquid ammonia, and the proportion of the water to the potassium permanganate to the dandelion, the fructus cnidii extract to the oyster powder is 65: 0.2-0.4: 6:5: 15: 0.02-0.05: 14 to 15.
4. The breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer containing more than or equal to 15% of N, more than or equal to 15% of P2O5 and more than or equal to 15% of K2O in percentage by mass.
5. The breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the culture fertilizer comprises fish pond sludge, organic fertilizer, catechu extract and caesalpinia extract in a ratio of 45:25:16: 14.
6. The breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the disease and pest resistant culture soil comprises sandy loam, humus, poncirus trifoliata extract, plantain seed and cocklebur fruit extract, and the proportion is 45: 35:16: 1-2: 2.
7. The breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maintenance agent comprises sandy loam, dimethoate emulsion, ginkgo extract, compound fertilizer, masson pine and cacumen biotae, and the proportion of the maintenance agent to the cacumen biotae is 92:0.05:2:4: 1: 1.
8. the breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the seedling assisting fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer, bamboo cypress, castor oil and 5-nitroguaiacol, and the proportion of the compound fertilizer to the castor oil to the 5-nitroguaiacol is 76:20: 3: 0.5 to 1.
9. The breeding and planting method of saussurea lappa Clarke as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the protective solution comprises water, sepiolite powder, chinaberry fruit, radix sophorae flavescentis extract and calamus extract in a ratio of 83:6:3:5: 3.
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