CN112167006A - Method for changing facility agriculture organic waste into culture medium by using superheated steam - Google Patents
Method for changing facility agriculture organic waste into culture medium by using superheated steam Download PDFInfo
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- CN112167006A CN112167006A CN202011005290.0A CN202011005290A CN112167006A CN 112167006 A CN112167006 A CN 112167006A CN 202011005290 A CN202011005290 A CN 202011005290A CN 112167006 A CN112167006 A CN 112167006A
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- superheated steam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
Abstract
The invention provides a method for changing facility agriculture organic waste into a culture medium by utilizing superheated steam, belonging to the field of plant cultivation, comprising the steps of crushing the organic waste into filamentous fragments by a crusher; directly feeding the crushed organic waste into a preheated reactor for reaction; after the reactants are filled in the reactor, the reactants are further heated by superheated steam; the superheated steam contacts with reactants in the reactor, the reactants are heated up rapidly, the moisture in the materials is evaporated rapidly under the high temperature state, and then the reactants start to enter into the cracking reaction; before the reaction enters deep cracking, the organic matter is taken out of the reactor and is rapidly cooled, and the obtained product can be directly used as a substrate. The organic waste is converted into a substrate raw material which can be used for facility production by utilizing a superheated steam-driven incomplete cracking reaction, some components which are not favorable as the substrate are removed, and the main components and the structure of the organic waste are retained at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for changing facility agriculture organic waste into a cultivation substrate by utilizing superheated steam.
Background
The facility agriculture is a key direction of future agricultural development, is a key technology for solving the soil crisis and urban green food supply, but meanwhile, a large amount of centralized agricultural production can also generate a plurality of organic wastes which can not be eaten by human beings, such as stalk leaves or rotten fruits, and the like, and the substances have huge yield and are difficult to treat, thereby causing a large amount of problems to the environment.
The main treatment method is to compost or ferment the organic wastes after the organic wastes are collected, but the processes are generally long in use and cannot completely treat the organic wastes. Some methods collect organic wastes and directly use the organic wastes as culture substrates (CN103907519A, CN103597925B), but because the organic wastes in the agricultural production process usually contain a lot of components which are not beneficial to plant production, the products prepared by the method cannot be used as substrates, and because the organic wastes contain a lot of substances which can have side effects on plant production, the production performance of the plants can be reduced, and the yield of the plants is influenced. Another new research route is to try to change some organic wastes into a product which can replace the function of peat by using a thermochemical treatment method, but the research cannot directly change the organic wastes into raw materials of substrates, and the technology has no case at present in the aspect of organic waste treatment of facility agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for changing facility agriculture organic waste into a culture medium by utilizing superheated steam, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology; the incomplete cracking reaction is used for removing (cracking or volatilizing) phenolic substances under the premise that main components (lignin and cellulose) of the organic waste are not influenced or are influenced a little by controlling the reaction temperature, so that subsequent products can be used as substrates. The invention uses superheated steam to drive incomplete cracking reaction, and the porosity and water-retaining capacity of the product are improved to a certain extent by the characteristics of the superheated steam, so that the product is more suitable for being used as a matrix.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: collecting organic wastes in facility agriculture, and crushing all the organic wastes into filiform chips or powdery chips by a crusher;
s102: the crushed organic waste is directly sent into a preheated reactor for reaction without being dried;
s103: after the reactants are filled in the reactor, the reactants are further heated by superheated steam;
s104: the superheated steam contacts with reactants in the reactor, quickly transfers heat to the reactants, the reactants are quickly heated, moisture in the materials is quickly evaporated at a high temperature, and then the reactants start to enter a cracking reaction;
s105: before the reaction enters deep cracking, the organic matters are taken out of the reactor and rapidly cooled, the obtained product is treated by superheated steam, a large amount of components which are not beneficial to plant growth are removed, the rest part is not carbonized, and the obtained product can be directly used as a substrate.
Preferably, in step S101, the filamentous debris has a diameter less than 5mm and a length less than 50 mm.
Preferably, in step S102, the reactor temperature is controlled between 150 ℃ and 800 ℃.
Preferably, in step S102, the optimal temperature range for controlling the temperature of the reactor is 180-400 ℃.
Preferably, in step S103, the cleavage reaction time is controlled to be 0 to 2 hours.
Preferably, in step S103, the optimal reaction time interval for the cleavage reaction is 0.5 to 1 hour.
Preferably, in step S102, the crushed organic waste is dried and then sent to a preheated reactor for reaction.
The reaction principle is as follows: organic waste in facility agriculture generally contains organic substances such as phenols and terpenoids, and when the organic waste is used as a plant substrate, the organic waste can influence the growth of plants. The incomplete cracking reaction is used for removing (cracking or volatilizing) substances such as phenols, terpenes and the like under the premise that main components (lignin and cellulose) of the organic waste are not influenced or are influenced a little by controlling the reaction temperature, so that subsequent products can be used as substrates. In addition, the invention uses superheated steam to drive incomplete cracking reaction, and the porosity and water retention capacity of the product are improved to a certain extent through the activation effect of the superheated steam, so that the product is more suitable for being used as a substrate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the incomplete cracking reaction is used for removing (cracking or volatilizing) phenols and other substances by controlling the reaction temperature on the premise that main components (lignin and cellulose) of the organic waste are not influenced or are influenced a little, so that subsequent products can be used as substrates.
(2) The invention uses superheated steam to drive incomplete cracking reaction, and the porosity and water-retaining capacity of the product are improved to a certain extent by the characteristics of the superheated steam, so that the product is more suitable for being used as a matrix.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for converting facility agricultural organic wastes into a culture substrate using superheated steam.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the technical defects: the prior art is difficult to remove components which are not beneficial to plant production in organic wastes, simultaneously reserve structural components which are not harmful to plants, synchronously optimize the structure of a product, ensure that the product has the characteristics of water retention, gaps and the like, and can be used as a culture medium for facility agriculture. The invention provides a method for changing facility agriculture organic waste into a culture medium by using superheated steam, which solves the problems.
Example 1, as shown in fig. 1, a method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: collecting organic wastes in facility agriculture, and crushing all the organic wastes into filiform chips or powdery chips by a crusher;
s102: sending the crushed organic waste into a preheated reactor for reaction;
s103: after the reactants are filled in the reactor, the reactants are further heated by superheated steam;
s104: the superheated steam contacts with reactants in the reactor, quickly transfers heat to the reactants, the reactants are quickly heated, moisture in the materials is quickly evaporated at a high temperature, and then the reactants start to enter a cracking reaction;
s105: before the reaction enters deep cracking, the organic matters are taken out of the reactor and rapidly cooled, the obtained product is treated by superheated steam, a large amount of components which are not beneficial to plant growth are removed, the rest part is not carbonized, and the obtained product can be directly used as a substrate.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the filamentous debris has a diameter less than 5mm and a length less than 50 mm.
In this example, in step S102, the reactor temperature was controlled to 150 ℃.
In this embodiment, in step S103, the cracking reaction time is controlled to be 2 hours.
Example 2, as shown in fig. 1, a method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: collecting organic wastes in facility agriculture, and crushing all the organic wastes into filiform chips or powdery chips by a crusher;
s102: the crushed organic waste is directly sent into a preheated reactor for reaction without being dried;
s103: after the reactants are filled in the reactor, the reactants are further heated by superheated steam;
s104: the superheated steam contacts with reactants in the reactor, quickly transfers heat to the reactants, the reactants are quickly heated, moisture in the materials is quickly evaporated at a high temperature, and then the reactants start to enter a cracking reaction;
s105: before the reaction enters deep cracking, the organic matters are taken out of the reactor and rapidly cooled, the obtained product is treated by superheated steam, a large amount of components which are not beneficial to plant growth are removed, the rest part is not carbonized, and the obtained product can be directly used as a substrate.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the filamentous debris has a diameter less than 5mm and a length less than 50 mm.
In this example, in step S102, the reactor temperature was controlled to 800 ℃.
In this embodiment, in step S103, the cracking reaction time is controlled to be 0.2 hour.
Example 3, as shown in fig. 1, a method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: collecting organic wastes in facility agriculture, and crushing all the organic wastes into filiform chips or powdery chips by a crusher;
s102: drying the crushed organic waste and then sending the dried organic waste into a preheated reactor for reaction;
s103: after the reactants are filled in the reactor, the reactants are further heated by superheated steam;
s104: the superheated steam contacts with reactants in the reactor, quickly transfers heat to the reactants, the reactants are quickly heated, moisture in the materials is quickly evaporated at a high temperature, and then the reactants start to enter a cracking reaction;
s105: before the reaction enters deep cracking, the organic matters are taken out of the reactor and rapidly cooled, the obtained product is treated by superheated steam, a large amount of components which are not beneficial to plant growth are removed, the rest part is not carbonized, and the obtained product can be directly used as a substrate.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the filamentous debris has a diameter less than 5mm and a length less than 50 mm.
In this example, in step S102, the reactor temperature was controlled to 180 ℃.
In this embodiment, in step S103, the optimal reaction time interval of the cleavage reaction is 1 hour.
Example 4, as shown in fig. 1, a method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: collecting organic wastes in facility agriculture, and crushing all the organic wastes into filiform chips or powdery chips by a crusher;
s102: drying the crushed organic waste and then sending the dried organic waste into a preheated reactor for reaction;
s103: after the reactants are filled in the reactor, the reactants are further heated by superheated steam;
s104: the superheated steam contacts with reactants in the reactor, quickly transfers heat to the reactants, the reactants are quickly heated, moisture in the materials is quickly evaporated at a high temperature, and then the reactants start to enter a cracking reaction;
s105: before the reaction enters deep cracking, the organic matters are taken out of the reactor and rapidly cooled, the obtained product is treated by superheated steam, a large amount of components which are not beneficial to plant growth are removed, the rest part is not carbonized, and the obtained product can be directly used as a substrate.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the filamentous debris has a diameter less than 5mm and a length less than 50 mm.
In this example, in step S102, the reactor temperature was controlled to 400 ℃.
In this embodiment, in step S103, the optimal reaction time interval of the cleavage reaction is 0.5 hour.
Reaction principle of examples 1 to 4: organic waste of agricultural facilities generally contains organic substances such as phenols, and when the organic waste is used as a plant substrate, the organic waste affects the growth of plants. The incomplete cracking reaction is used for removing (cracking or volatilizing) phenolic substances under the premise that main components (lignin and cellulose) of the organic waste are not influenced or are influenced a little by controlling the reaction temperature, so that subsequent products can be used as substrates. In addition, the invention uses superheated steam to drive incomplete cracking reaction, and the porosity and water retention capacity of the product are improved to a certain extent through the characteristics of the superheated steam, so that the product is more suitable for being used as a matrix.
A method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
while there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A method for changing facility agriculture organic waste into culture medium by using superheated steam is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s101: collecting organic wastes in facility agriculture, and crushing all the organic wastes into filiform chips or powdery chips by a crusher;
s102: sending the crushed organic waste into a preheated reactor for reaction;
s103: after the reactants are filled in the reactor, the reactants are further heated by superheated steam;
s104: the superheated steam contacts with reactants in the reactor, quickly transfers heat to the reactants, the reactants are quickly heated, moisture in the materials is quickly evaporated at a high temperature, and then the reactants start to enter a cracking reaction;
s105: before the reaction enters deep cracking, the organic matters are taken out of the reactor and rapidly cooled, the obtained product is treated by superheated steam, a large amount of components which are not beneficial to plant growth are removed, the rest part is not carbonized, and the obtained product can be directly used as a substrate.
2. The method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S101, the filamentous debris has a diameter less than 5mm and a length less than 50 mm.
3. The method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S102, the temperature of the reactor is controlled to be between 150 ℃ and 800 ℃.
4. The method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S102, the optimal temperature range for controlling the reactor temperature is 180-.
5. The method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S103, the cracking reaction time is controlled to be 0-2 hours.
6. The method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S103, the optimal reaction time interval of the cracking reaction is 0.5-1 hour.
7. The method for converting facility agricultural organic waste into a culture substrate using superheated steam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S102, the crushed organic waste is dried and then sent to a preheated reactor for reaction.
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