CN109534636B - Production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing waste straw and livestock and poultry manure - Google Patents
Production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing waste straw and livestock and poultry manure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing waste straws and livestock and poultry feces, which combines and comprehensively utilizes a waste biomass straw treatment device and a livestock and poultry feces treatment device, and the waste biomass straw treatment device is used for cracking and carbonizing waste biomass straws to obtain biochar, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and associated fuel gas; the livestock and poultry manure treatment device separates the livestock and poultry manure into solid manure residues and manure liquid; adding the solid manure residues into a fermentation manure making device, adding biochar, and connecting an associated gas heat source for drying to prepare a carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer; the liquid manure is adsorbed by biochar, the solid matter is returned to a fermentation fertilizer making device, the liquid matter is connected with hot water heated by associated fuel gas, and the liquid matter enters a sewage biochemical treatment device to discharge tail water reaching the standard. The system efficiently utilizes the livestock and poultry feces in a recycling manner, efficiently treats the waste biomass straws, reduces the overall treatment cost, generates double economic benefits, recycles and improves the ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizer treatment, relates to comprehensive resource utilization and systemic treatment of rural waste, and particularly relates to a production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing waste straws and livestock and poultry manure.
Background
At present, the livestock and poultry breeding scale represented by live pig breeding in China is continuously enlarged and concentrated, and the livestock and poultry manure is large in volume and concentrated, so that the livestock and poultry manure becomes an important pollution source of environmental pollution more and more. The existing treatment mode of the livestock and poultry manure is no longer suitable for the existing production mode of large-scale industrialized centralized breeding.
The existing treatment modes of the livestock and poultry manure are generally divided into the following two types: one is a resource utilization mode for preparing methane by anaerobic fermentation. The mode can only produce economic benefits when the methane power generation is integrated into a power grid system. Moreover, the treatment of biogas slurry and residue after anaerobic fermentation is very troublesome. Although the biogas residues can be fermented to prepare fertilizer, the biogas slurry can also be treated to be used as liquid fertilizer. However, generally speaking, the production amount of biogas slurry is large, the required land consumption area is quite large, and the perennial application of biogas slurry liquid fertilizer can also cause soil acidification and hardening to form secondary pollution.
The other is that after the feces is subjected to dry-wet separation, the feces residue is subjected to high-temperature aerobic fermentation to prepare various organic fertilizers; the water quality after being treated reaches the discharge standard, and the water is recycled by a cultivation factory and is used for irrigation of agricultural, forestry, vegetable and fruit. The method has the advantages of low treatment cost, large treatment capacity, small land occupation and stable and reliable effluent quality under the condition of stable operation. However, the greatest disadvantage of this type of treatment is that in the biochemical treatment, the microorganisms used for water treatment are dormant or dead at low temperatures (< 10 ℃), which leads to failure and breakdown of the wastewater treatment system, and the re-cultivation of the microbial flora takes a long time. Therefore, it is important to find a low-cost, environmentally friendly treatment.
Meanwhile, agricultural and forestry in China have biomass such as crop straws, chaffs and forestry waste, and the waste resources are directly abandoned or burned on site, so that the available resources are not effectively and reasonably utilized, and the waste of renewable resources occurs, so that the problem that how to reasonably reuse the waste biomass resources is urgently solved.
According to the 3R principle of agricultural circular economy, namely reduction (Reduce), Reuse (Reuse) and recycling (Recycle), the method for utilizing the traditional one-way flowing linear resource of the materials of resource → product → waste discharge is changed, and the resource utilization mode of the closed-loop flowing material form of resource → product → secondary resource is replaced, so that the method is an important direction of agricultural development in the 21 st century.
Therefore, how to comprehensively treat crop straws, chaffs and forestry wastes existing in agriculture and forestry together with livestock and poultry manure and waste liquid manure is realized, the waste resources are efficiently treated and comprehensively utilized, the influence of the substances on the environment is solved, a certain economic value is created, and the method has practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing livestock and poultry manure is large and centralized in quantity, the treatment mode is not suitable for ecological environment protection, and the waste resource of crop straw biomass is not reasonably utilized, and provides a production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing the waste straw and the livestock and poultry manure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a production system that abandonment straw and dirty integrated treatment of beasts and birds excrement utilized which characterized in that: the system comprises a waste biomass straw treatment device, a livestock and poultry manure treatment device and comprehensive utilization production thereof; the production process comprises the following steps:
1) the waste biomass straw treatment device is used for cracking and carbonizing waste biomass straws to obtain biochar, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and associated fuel gas;
2) the livestock and poultry manure treatment device is connected with pyroligneous liquor generated by the waste biomass straw treatment device for deodorization, and solid manure residues and manure liquid are separated after the livestock and poultry manure is subjected to solid-liquid separation;
3) the solid manure enters a fermentation manure preparation device, biochar produced by a waste biomass straw treatment device is added, and associated gas heat source produced by the waste biomass straw treatment device is added for drying to prepare a carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer;
4) and after the excrement liquid absorbs suspended matters in the excrement liquid through the biochar, the solid matters are returned to the fermentation fertilizer making device, the liquid matters are connected to hot water heated by the associated fuel gas, the temperature of the liquid matters is controlled, and the liquid matters enter a sewage biochemical treatment device and discharge tail water reaching the standard.
Preferably, the waste biomass straw treatment device comprises a carbonization furnace, a cyclone separator, a washing tower, a condenser and a decoking device, waste biomass straws are crushed and then sent into the carbonization furnace by a screw conveyer, a combustion layer is carbonized for 2-4 hours at 400-700 ℃, mixed gas is volatilized in the cracking and carbonization process, pyroligneous liquor, tar and associated fuel gas are obtained through washing and condensation, and biochar is generated at the bottom of the carbonization furnace.
Preferably, the biochar is mixed with traditional Chinese medicinal materials to prepare the feed additive.
Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure treatment device comprises a fermentation manure making device, an extrusion screw separator, a hot water boiler and a sewage biochemical treatment device.
Preferably, the solid manure is added with the biochar and mixed, the mixture enters a fermentation fertilizer making device, the heat energy of the associated gas heating hot water boiler is connected to accelerate fermentation, and the heat source generated by the associated gas is connected to dry and granulate to prepare the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer.
Preferably, a proper amount of raw materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and biological strains for fermentation are added into the solid manure residues, 5-10% of biochar is added and mixed, and the mixture is heated up for aerobic fermentation for 7-14 days; and performing secondary fermentation for 20-40 days in an aging stage, adding 5-10% of charcoal, and introducing a heat source generated by associated gas for drying and granulating to prepare the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer.
And the manure liquid, the wood vinegar liquid and the nutrient solution are mixed to prepare liquid fertilizer.
Preferably, the sewage biochemical treatment device comprises the following process steps: the sewage enters a pre-settling tank and an adjusting tank, is subjected to acidification and hydrolysis treatment and is introduced into hot water of an associated gas heating hot water boiler, so that microbial flora keeps activity; then enters a first-stage A/O pool and a second-stage A/O pool and then enters a secondary sedimentation pool for sedimentation; adsorbing and removing color by the charcoal, adding the wood vinegar for disinfection, sending part of tail water reaching the standard to a breeding plant for reuse, and using the rest tail water for irrigating fruits and vegetables in agriculture and forestry.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the production system adopts the combined comprehensive treatment of the waste biomass straw treatment device and the livestock and poultry manure treatment device, so that the waste biomass straw can be efficiently treated, and the livestock and poultry manure can be efficiently recycled, the waste biomass straw is cracked and carbonized to obtain biochar, wood tar, wood vinegar liquid and associated gas, the livestock and poultry manure treatment device can effectively utilize the wood vinegar liquid to perform deodorization, meanwhile, solid manure residues enter the fermentation manure preparation device and can be prepared into a carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing the biochar, the manure liquid can be adsorbed by utilizing the biochar, and the liquid matter sewage biochemical treatment device discharges tail water reaching the standard; the two are combined, so that the finishing treatment cost is reduced, double economic benefits are generated, the ecological environment can be improved through recycling of the two, and the social effect is higher.
2. The production system adopts the combined comprehensive treatment of the waste biomass straw treatment device and the livestock and poultry manure treatment device, the biochar generated by the waste biomass straw in the cracking and carbonization process has the characteristics of soil improvement, carbon sequestration and heavy metal adsorption, and during the manure treatment process, when the biochar is coupled with manure residues for fermentation and fertilizer production, the obtained carbon-based organic fertilizer and carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer have greater comparative advantages compared with the conventional organic fertilizer and the similar bio-organic fertilizer: balanced nutrition, promotes the growth of crops, obviously increases the yield and has high fertilizer efficiency; the quality of agricultural products is improved; pathogenic seedlings are inhibited, and plant diseases and insect pests are reduced; improving soil and reducing pollution of nitrate in the soil; the water absorption of crops is increased, and the drought resistance and lodging resistance of the crops are enhanced; the biochar can be used as active carbon in the process of treating the liquid dung to adsorb various pollutants in the sewage.
3. The production system adopts the combined comprehensive treatment of the waste biomass straw treatment device and the livestock and poultry manure treatment device, associated fuel gas generated by the waste biomass straw through the cracking and carbonization process can be used for heating to generate heat energy, solid manure residues in the livestock and poultry manure treatment device enter the fermentation manure preparation device, the heat energy of the associated fuel gas heating hot water boiler is accessed to accelerate fermentation, and meanwhile, a heat source generated by the associated fuel gas is dried and granulated to prepare the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer; the hot water generated by the hot water boiler in the biochemical sewage treatment device is treated by acidification and hydrolysis and is led into the hot water boiler to be used as a heat preservation heat source for sewage treatment so as to keep the activity of microbial flora.
4. The production system adopts the combined comprehensive treatment of the waste biomass straw treatment device and the livestock and poultry manure treatment device, the waste biomass straw is subjected to pyroligneous liquor generated in the cracking and carbonization process, and the livestock and poultry manure treatment device is connected with the pyroligneous liquor for deodorization; the pyroligneous can also be mixed with the liquid manure and nutrient solution to prepare liquid fertilizer; can be used as bactericide and disinfectant after entering a biochemical treatment device, and has good effect and wide application.
5. The production system of the invention adopts the waste biomass straw treatment device to mix the biochar with the traditional Chinese medicinal materials to prepare the feed additive for feeding livestock and poultry, and the feed additive has the advantages of strengthening body resistance and disease resistance and improving immunity; promoting growth and increasing weight; sterilizing, removing toxic substances, and improving meat quality; the odor is removed, the environment is purified, the excrement discharged by the live pigs of the breeding bodies has no foul odor, and the excrement can be reduced, so that the generation of pollution sources is reduced from the source; meanwhile, commodities such as biochar, pyroligneous liquor, carbon-based fertilizer, liquid fertilizer and feed additive are produced by the system of the invention and are green pollution-free products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the flow of a production system for comprehensive treatment and utilization of waste straw and livestock and poultry manure.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing waste straws and livestock and poultry manure. The system comprises a waste biomass straw treatment and livestock and poultry manure treatment device and combined comprehensive utilization production thereof; in fig. 1, a waste biomass straw treatment device is represented by a process device A, and a livestock and poultry manure treatment device is represented by a process device B; b1 is included: a solid manure fermenting and fertilizer preparing device and B2: a sewage biochemical treatment device.
Waste biomass straw processing apparatus A includes retort, divides separator, scrubbing tower, condenser, decoking ware etc. soon, and waste biomass straw processing apparatus sends into the carbomorphism stove with screw conveyer after smashing agriculture and forestry discarded object straw including straw, chaff, cotton stalk, bark, branch, wheat straw, cornstalk, corncob etc. through the retort under 400 deg.C ~700 deg.C condition, carries out carbomorphism 2~4 hours limit oxygen schizolysis, obtains the product: biochar, pyroligneous liquor, and associated fuel gas.
Associated gas, a heat source and hot water generated by the hot water boiler are used as a heat preservation heat source for subsequent sewage treatment, a heat preservation heat source of the fertilizer fermentation device and a heat source for fertilizer drying are also provided by the combustion of the associated gas; the pyroligneous liquor can be mixed with feces liquid and nutrient solution to prepare liquid fertilizer, and can also be used as deodorant, bactericide and disinfectant.
The livestock and poultry manure treatment device B comprises a fermentation manure making device, an extrusion screw separator, a hot water boiler, a sewage biochemical treatment device and the like; the livestock and poultry manure treatment device stores the moisture content of the manure collected by the livestock and poultry breeding plant in a manure storage pool, and adds wood vinegar to deodorize; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the livestock and poultry manure by using a solid-liquid separator to separate solid manure residues and the remaining manure liquid. The liquid manure is mixed with wood vinegar and nutrient solution to prepare liquid fertilizer.
Adding substances rich in organic matters, such as mushroom residues, furfural residues, humic acid and the like, supplemented raw materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and biological strains for fermentation, adding 5-10% of biochar, performing aerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank, arranging a hot water geothermal device in the fermentation tank for heating and heat preservation of the fermentation device to accelerate the fermentation process, fermenting for 7-14 days, performing secondary fermentation in an aging stage, aging for 20-40 days, mixing 5-10% of biochar again to prepare a carbon-based fertilizer organic fertilizer, or supplementing a biological microbial inoculum to prepare a carbon-based biological organic fertilizer.
Adding biochar into the solid manure residues, mixing, feeding the mixture into a fermentation fertilizer making device, adding the pyroligneous liquor, introducing heat energy generated by associated gas to heat a hot water boiler, accelerating fermentation, introducing a heat source generated by the associated gas, drying and granulating to obtain the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer.
Filtering the liquid manure by using a filter layer with the porous characteristic of biochar similar to activated carbon, intercepting and adsorbing part of solid matters, and returning the solid matters to a fermentation fertilizer making device to prepare a carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer; liquid matter enters a solid-liquid extrusion spiral separator to be treated, excrement and sewage containing 45-50% of water is discharged and is added with charcoal powder to be adsorbed to prepare a charcoal-based bio-organic fertilizer, the rest sewage enters a sewage biochemical treatment device, the sewage enters a pre-settling tank and an adjusting tank, is subjected to acidification and hydrolysis treatment and is introduced into hot water of an associated fuel gas heating hot water boiler, the temperature of a water body is kept, and microbial flora in the water body keeps activity; then enters a first-stage A/O pool and a second-stage A/O pool for sedimentation; and returning the settled sludge to a fermentation fertilizer making device to prepare a carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer, adsorbing and decolorizing tail water by using biochar, adding pyroligneous liquor for disinfection, sending part of the tail water reaching the standard to a breeding plant for reuse, and using the rest tail water for irrigating fruits and vegetables in agriculture and forestry.
A production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing waste straws and livestock and poultry feces has the following working principle:
the waste biomass straws of the process device A are subjected to cracking carbonization treatment to obtain biochar, pyroligneous liquor and associated fuel gas in the cracking carbonization process.
The process unit B deodorizes the livestock and poultry manure by utilizing the pyroligneous liquor generated by the process unit A.
After the livestock and poultry manure is subjected to solid-liquid separation, solid manure residues enter a fermentation manure making device, biochar produced by a process device A is added in the fermentation manure making process and is added again when various functional organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers are prepared at the later stage, the prepared fertilizers are added by utilizing the porous water retention property, heavy metal fixation property and the like of the biochar to prepare carbon-based organic fertilizers, carbon-based bio-organic fertilizers and the like, and meanwhile, in the fermentation manure making process, the heat energy of a hot water boiler can be introduced to promote fermentation, shorten the fermentation time and improve the manure making efficiency;
mixing part of the liquid separated from the livestock and poultry manure with wood vinegar and other raw materials to prepare liquid fertilizer; and after the suspended matters in the residual part are adsorbed by using the biochar, the intercepted solid returns to a fermentation fertilizer making device B1, the liquid enters a sewage biochemical treatment device B2, and hot water of a hot water boiler is connected to the front end of an A/O pool of the biochemical treatment device to control the temperature of the water body.
Returning the feces generated by the biochemical treatment device B2 to the process device B for fertilizer preparation; the treated tail water reaching the standard is partially sent to a breeding plant for reuse; the residual tail water is used for irrigating fruits and vegetables in agriculture and forestry; particularly, in order to meet the requirement of environmental protection, the tail water can be treated by an oxidation pond or sent to a sewage treatment plant to reach higher water quality standard.
In the embodiment, the biochar in the process unit A can be mixed with traditional Chinese medicinal materials to prepare the feed additive for livestock and poultry feeding, and the feed additive can enable the excrement discharged by the cultured live pigs to have no foul smell and reduce the excrement, thereby reducing the generation of pollution sources from the source.
In the embodiment, the system of the invention produces and produces commodities such as biochar, pyroligneous liquor, carbon-based fertilizer, liquid fertilizer and feed additive, and the commodities are green and pollution-free products.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should be covered by the present patent.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a production system that abandonment straw and dirty integrated treatment of beasts and birds excrement utilized which characterized in that: the system comprises a waste biomass straw treatment device, a livestock and poultry manure treatment device and comprehensive utilization production thereof; the production process comprises the following steps:
1) the waste biomass straw treatment device is used for cracking and carbonizing waste biomass straws to obtain biochar, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and associated fuel gas;
2) the livestock and poultry manure treatment device is connected with pyroligneous liquor generated by the waste biomass straw treatment device for deodorization, and solid manure residues and manure liquid are separated after the livestock and poultry manure is subjected to solid-liquid separation;
3) the solid manure enters a fermentation manure preparation device, biochar produced by a waste biomass straw treatment device is added, and associated gas heat source produced by the waste biomass straw treatment device is added for drying to prepare a carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer;
4) and after the excrement liquid absorbs suspended matters in the excrement liquid through the biochar, the solid matters are returned to the fermentation fertilizer making device, the liquid matters are connected to hot water heated by the associated fuel gas, the temperature of the liquid matters is controlled, and the liquid matters enter a sewage biochemical treatment device and discharge tail water reaching the standard.
2. The production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing the waste straw and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the waste biomass straw treatment device comprises a carbonization furnace, a cyclone separator, a washing tower, a condenser and a decoking device, waste biomass straws are crushed and then sent into the carbonization furnace by a screw conveyer, carbonization is carried out on a combustion layer at 400-700 ℃ for 2-4 hours, mixed gas is volatilized in the cracking and carbonization process, through washing and condensation, pyroligneous liquor, wood tar and associated fuel gas are obtained, and biochar is generated at the bottom of the carbonization furnace.
3. The production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing the waste straw and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the biochar is mixed with traditional Chinese medicinal materials to prepare the feed additive.
4. The production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing the waste straw and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the livestock and poultry manure treatment device comprises a fermentation manure making device, an extrusion screw separator, a hot water boiler and a sewage biochemical treatment device.
5. The production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing the waste straw and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and adding the solid manure residues into the biochar for mixing, feeding the mixture into a fermentation fertilizer making device, introducing heat energy of an associated gas heating hot water boiler, accelerating fermentation, and introducing a heat source generated by the associated gas for drying and granulating to prepare the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer.
6. The production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing the waste straw and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: adding a proper amount of raw materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and biological strains for fermentation into the solid manure residues, adding 5-10% of biochar, mixing, and heating for aerobic fermentation for 7-14 days; and performing secondary fermentation for 20-40 days in an aging stage, adding 5-10% of charcoal, and introducing a heat source generated by associated gas for drying and granulating to prepare the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer.
7. The production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing the waste straw and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the manure liquid, the wood vinegar liquid and the nutrient solution are mixed to prepare liquid fertilizer.
8. The production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing the waste straw and the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the sewage biochemical treatment device comprises the following process steps: the sewage enters a pre-settling tank and an adjusting tank, is subjected to acidification and hydrolysis treatment and is introduced into hot water of an associated gas heating hot water boiler, so that microbial flora keeps activity; then enters a first-stage A/O pool and a second-stage A/O pool and then enters a secondary sedimentation pool for sedimentation; adsorbing and removing color by the charcoal, adding the wood vinegar for disinfection, sending part of tail water reaching the standard to a breeding plant for reuse, and using the rest tail water for irrigating fruits and vegetables in agriculture and forestry.
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| CN201811482497.XA CN109534636B (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2018-12-05 | Production system for comprehensively treating and utilizing waste straw and livestock and poultry manure |
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| CN115141854B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-03-29 | 河北富瑞慈空气净化科技有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization method of waste biomass |
| CN116041102A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-05-02 | 塔里木大学 | Biochar composting device and method and organic compound fertilizer |
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