CN111454095A - Ecological cycle production mode of organic crops - Google Patents
Ecological cycle production mode of organic crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN111454095A CN111454095A CN201911291793.6A CN201911291793A CN111454095A CN 111454095 A CN111454095 A CN 111454095A CN 201911291793 A CN201911291793 A CN 201911291793A CN 111454095 A CN111454095 A CN 111454095A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of organic crop production, and provides an ecological cycle production mode of organic crops, which comprises the following steps: straw carbonization, wastewater adsorption, ecological organic fertilizer production and crop planting. The ecological organic fertilizer produced by the invention is used for planting organic crops, wherein the purified water flowing out through multi-stage adsorption is used for irrigating the crops, and the crops can produce organic grains and residual crop straws. The system integrates straw carbonization, wastewater adsorption, ecological organic fertilizer production and organic crop planting, and self internal circulation is formed, so that various wastes are treated, high-quality organic grains and wood tar rich in nutrition are produced, the ecological environment is improved, multiple economic benefits are generated, and the principles of reduction, reutilization and resource utilization are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic crop production, in particular to an ecological cycle production mode of organic crops.
Background
At present, the problems of burning of agricultural waste straws, random discharge of breeding wastewater and livestock and poultry manure, excessive use of chemical fertilizers in crop planting and the like not only waste agricultural resources, but also cause serious pollution to the ecological environment. With the increasing strictness of environmental protection in China, the traditional one-way material production mode of 'resource → product → waste discharge' is no longer suitable for the development of modern agriculture and can not meet the requirements of people on high-quality agricultural products.
The conventional method for treating the waste straws in agriculture is to adopt incineration or natural decay treatment. The straw burning not only can generate a large amount of smoke dust to cause air pollution, but also can leave little carbon ash fertilizer. The straw can not meet the requirement of continuous seeding of crops because of long natural decay time.
For breeding wastewater and livestock and poultry manure, rural free-range households generally discharge the waste water and the livestock and poultry manure to the environment without treatment, so that water and soil are polluted, and the generated stink influences the normal life of residents. In large-scale farms, the culture wastewater and the livestock and poultry manure are subjected to anaerobic fermentation together to prepare biogas, but the treatment of the residual biogas slurry and the biogas residues after the anaerobic fermentation is troublesome, and the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are used as fertilizers throughout the year, so that the soil is easily acidified and hardened, and secondary pollution is caused.
The existing large-scale crop planting mode uses excessive fertilizer, the fertilizer utilization rate is not high, soil hardening is easy to cause, and the lost fertilizer can also cause water eutrophication, pollute water and harm ecological environment.
Therefore, ecological agriculture needs to advocate an agricultural circular economy system taking minimization, recycling and resource as guiding principles, which has important significance in reducing environmental pollution and creating economic value, and agricultural waste resource treatment, livestock and poultry manure efficient resource utilization and green organic crop planting are necessary ways for modern agriculture exploration and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a circular economy system for circulating ecological organic crops, which integrates straw carbonization, wastewater adsorption, ecological organic fertilizer production and crop planting into a whole, and the system internally forms a circulation, so that organic grains and wood tar are produced while various wastes are treated, the environmental pressure is reduced, multiple economic benefits are generated, and the principles of reduction, reutilization and resource utilization are met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an ecological cycle production mode of organic crops, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: charring of straw
Cracking and carbonizing crop straws serving as a raw material for 1-2 hours at the high temperature of 450-;
step two: adsorption of waste water
Crushing and granulating the carbon base obtained in the step one into granular carbon base with the grain size of 2.5-4.5mm, then placing the obtained granular carbon base in a 2-4-level adsorption tank, and performing multi-level adsorption on the culture biochemical effluent to obtain purified water and saturated carbon base;
step three: production of ecological organic fertilizer
Uniformly mixing the saturated carbon base obtained in the step two with livestock and poultry manure and vegetable cakes according to a proportion, adding a proper amount of a decomposing agent and water, ventilating and fermenting for 8-14 days to obtain a fermented fertilizer, naturally airing the fermented fertilizer for three days, then drying the fermented fertilizer at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ by taking the biogas obtained in the step one as a fuel to obtain a dried fertilizer, mixing and stirring the dried fertilizer and beneficial additives according to a proportion, adding the pyroligneous acid liquid obtained in the step two which is atomized and diluted in advance into the mixed fertilizer according to a proportion for deodorization, and finally preparing the mixed fertilizer into a granular ecological organic fertilizer with the grain size of 3-5mm by using a granulator;
step four: crop planting
And (3) fertilizing the ecological organic fertilizer obtained in the step three as a plant growth fertilizer, irrigating with the purified water obtained in the step two, planting organic crops to produce organic grains, and taking the residual crop straws as straw carbonization raw materials.
Further, the biochemical effluent from the cultivation in the second step is biochemically treated one of pig raising wastewater, chicken raising wastewater, duck raising wastewater and cattle raising wastewater.
Further, the wood vinegar, the drying fertilizer and the beneficial additives which are composed of the ecological organic fertilizer in the third step have the weight ratio of 0.2-0.8: 55-65: 2-5.
Further, the beneficial additive comprises a beneficial bacterium preparation and a forming auxiliary agent, and the weight part ratio of the beneficial additive is 0.5-1: 10-15.
Furthermore, the beneficial bacteria preparation is at least two of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma, bacillus subtilis, light and bacteria, and the forming auxiliary agent is at least one of bentonite, a binder and fulvic acid powder.
Further, the baking fertilizer comprises a saturated carbon base, livestock and poultry manure and vegetable cakes, and the weight part ratio of the saturated carbon base to the livestock and poultry manure to the vegetable cakes is 2-3: 5-9: 1-2.
Further, the livestock and poultry manure in the third step is at least one of manure produced by breeding pigs, chickens, ducks and cattle.
Furthermore, the vegetable cake in the third step is at least one of waste residues generated after oil pressing of rapeseed, peanut and sunflower seed.
Furthermore, the crops in the fourth step are at least one of rice, wheat, corn and soybean.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention takes the waste crop straws as basic raw materials, and products such as carbon base, wood tar, biogas, pyroligneous liquor and the like are obtained by carbonization treatment, so that the agricultural garbage is effectively treated, the environmental pressure is reduced, the agricultural garbage is recycled, and a series of products with economic value are produced.
2. In the production process, the carbonized carbon base is crushed and granulated and then used for multi-stage adsorption of culture biochemical effluent, the carbon base with a porous structure on the surface fully adsorbs nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and certain trace elements in the wastewater while purifying the wastewater, and the carbon base after saturated adsorption is fully fermented together with livestock and poultry manure and vegetable cakes to prepare the fermented fertilizer, so that the problem of difficulty in treatment of culture excrement is solved, and the recycled fermented fertilizer is obtained.
3. In the production process of the invention, the fermented fertilizer is dried by biogas to kill germs and harmful ova, and then is fully mixed with beneficial additives and wood vinegar to prepare the ecological organic fertilizer with rich nutrient substances, high fertilizer efficiency, water retention, long-acting effect and stable supply. Organic crops are planted by using the ecological organic fertilizer, and the crops are irrigated by using the purified water after multi-stage adsorption, so that the organic crops with rich nutrition, less plant diseases and insect pests and high economic value are produced. This organic crops planting mode collects four in an organic whole of straw carbomorphism, waste water absorption, ecological organic fertilizer production, crops planting, and self inside constitution circulation when handling all kinds of discarded object, output organic grain and wooden tar, not only solved the environmental problem that breed waste water and animal manure caused, produced multiple economic benefits moreover.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the corn straw is used as a raw material, the length of the treated raw material is 1-4cm, and the water content is 10-25%. Cracking and carbonizing for 2 hours in a muffle furnace under the high-temperature and oxygen-deficient condition of 500 ℃ to obtain the carbon base.
The physical parameters of the carbon base are determined as shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 carbon-based physical parameters
Taking the carbon-based raw materials in the steps, crushing and granulating the raw materials into granular carbon-based with the grain diameter of 2.5-4.5mm, enabling the breeding wastewater in a live pig farm to sequentially pass through a flocculation tank, a sedimentation tank, a hydrolysis acidification tank, an anaerobic biochemical tank and a health-preserving tank for biochemical treatment, enabling effluent after biochemical treatment to sequentially flow through three series adsorption tanks in which granular carbon-based is placed, enabling the HRT of each adsorption tank to be 4h, enabling the surfaces of the carbon-based to be provided with small holes with different shapes, having very large specific surface areas, enabling the surfaces of the small holes to absorb various nutrient elements in water, enabling the adsorption performance to be basically unaffected by the PH value, and enabling the granular carbon-based to reach adsorption saturation after 3 days of adsorption of biochemical effluent from pig breeding and become saturated carbon-based. The purified water flowing out of the adsorption tank after three-stage adsorption reaches the water quality standard GB5084-2005 for farmland irrigation, and can be used for organic crop irrigation.
Example 1
Uniformly mixing 3 parts, 7 parts and 2 parts of saturated carbon base, livestock and poultry manure and vegetable cake obtained in the steps in parts by weight, adding a proper amount of a decomposition agent and water, ventilating and fermenting for 10 days, decomposing organic matters by microorganisms to generate various enzymes, humic acid, amino acid and other substances, promoting the growth of crops and improving soil, naturally airing the prepared fermented fertilizer for three days, and drying the fermented fertilizer at a high temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain a dried fertilizer, killing germs and harmful ova, and preventing crop diseases and insect pests. Drying fertilizer, beneficial additive and wood vinegar according to the weight ratio of 60: 3: 0.5, wherein the beneficial additives comprise 0.6 part of beneficial bacterium preparation and 12 parts of forming auxiliary agent according to the weight parts, atomized diluted pyroligneous acid solution is added in the mixing process for deodorization, and finally a granulator is used for preparing the mixed fertilizer into the granular ecological organic fertilizer with the grain diameter of 3 mm. The indexes of the ecological organic fertilizer are shown in the following table, and the quality indexes shown in the table 2 are all within the range of corresponding national standards.
Table 2 quality indexes of ecological organic fertilizer
And (3) taking the ecological organic fertilizer in the steps as a corn growth fertilizer, irrigating with purified water, planting corn, and marking as an organic unit. The formula fertilizer with the same nutrients is used as a corn growth fertilizer as a control group, wherein the formula fertilizer N, P2O5And K2The ratio of O is 25: 15: and 15, irrigating with tap water, and planting the same corn.
25 plants are planted in the organic group and the control group respectively, no additional fertilizer is applied, other production management modes are consistent with conventional management, and the specific fertilizer application amount is 10g per plant. The results of the experiment are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison analysis table for yield of ecological organic fertilizer applied to corn
| Item | Plant height/cm | Number of planting particles/ | Number of spikes/one | Total spike weight/Kg | Weight of hundred grains | Moisture content |
| Organic unit | 258 | 25 | 25 | 5.57 | 38.56 | 30 |
| Control group | 245 | 25 | 25 | 4.12 | 32.3 | 30 |
| Organic group increment | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1.45 | 6.26 | 0 |
| Organic group growth rate | 5.31％ | 0 | 0 | 35.19％ | 19.38％ | 0 |
Example 2
The saturated carbon base, the livestock and poultry manure and the vegetable cake obtained in the previous step are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 3 parts, 7 parts and 2 parts by weight, a proper amount of a decomposition agent and water are added, ventilation and fermentation are carried out for 12 days, microorganisms decompose organic matters to generate various enzymes, humic acid, amino acid and other substances, the growth of crops is promoted, the soil is improved, the prepared fermented fertilizer is naturally aired for three days, then the fermented fertilizer is dried at the high temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the dried fertilizer, and germs and harmful insect eggs are killed, so that crop diseases and insect pests are prevented. Drying fertilizer, beneficial additive and wood vinegar according to the weight ratio of 60: 3: 0.5, wherein the beneficial additives comprise 0.6 part of beneficial bacterium preparation and 12 parts of forming auxiliary agent according to the weight parts, in the mixing process, atomized diluted pyroligneous acid solution is added in the mixing process for deodorization, and finally, a granulator is used for preparing the mixed fertilizer into the granular ecological organic fertilizer with the grain diameter of 5 mm.
And then, taking the ecological organic fertilizer in the steps as a corn growth fertilizer, irrigating with purified water, planting corn, and marking as an organic group. The formula fertilizer with the same nutrients is used as a corn growth fertilizer as a control group, wherein the formula fertilizer N, P2O5And K2The ratio of O is 25: 15: and 15, irrigating with tap water, and planting the same corn.
25 plants are planted in the organic group and the control group respectively, no additional fertilizer is applied, other production management modes are consistent with conventional management, and the specific fertilizer application amount is 10g per plant. The results of the experiment are shown in table 4. The yield is obviously increased because the ecological organic fertilizer has rich nutrient elements, high organic matter content and obvious fertilizer-preserving and moisture-preserving effects, reduces the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, improves the absorption efficiency of crops and reduces the pollution of the fertilizer to underground water. And the quality of the purified water for irrigation is higher than that of the common irrigation water, and the purified water has obvious promotion effect on the growth of the corn.
TABLE 4 comparative analysis table for yield of ecological organic fertilizer applied to corn
| Item | Plant height/cm | Number of planting particles/ | Number of spikes/one | Total spike weight/Kg | Weight of hundred grains | Moisture content |
| Organic unit | 260 | 25 | 25 | 5.62 | 38.66 | 30 |
| Control group | 245 | 25 | 25 | 4.12 | 32.3 | 30 |
| Organic group increment | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1.50 | 6.36 | 0 |
| Organic group growth rate | 6.12％ | 0 | 0 | 36.40％ | 19.69％ | 0 |
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An ecological cycle production mode of organic crops is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: charring of straw
Cracking and carbonizing crop straws serving as a raw material for 1-2 hours at the high temperature of 450-;
step two: adsorption of waste water
Crushing and granulating the carbon base obtained in the step one into granular carbon base with the grain size of 2.5-4.5mm, then placing the obtained granular carbon base in a 2-4-level adsorption tank, and performing multi-level adsorption on the culture biochemical effluent to obtain purified water and saturated carbon base;
step three: production of ecological organic fertilizer
Uniformly mixing the saturated carbon base obtained in the step two with livestock and poultry manure and vegetable cakes according to a proportion, adding a proper amount of a decomposing agent and water, ventilating and fermenting for 8-14 days to obtain a fermented fertilizer, naturally airing the fermented fertilizer for three days, then drying the fermented fertilizer at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ by taking the biogas obtained in the step one as a fuel to obtain a dried fertilizer, mixing and stirring the dried fertilizer and beneficial additives according to a proportion, adding the pyroligneous acid liquid obtained in the step two which is atomized and diluted in advance into the mixed fertilizer according to a proportion for deodorization, and finally preparing the mixed fertilizer into a granular ecological organic fertilizer with the grain size of 3-5mm by using a granulator;
step four: crop planting
And (3) fertilizing the ecological organic fertilizer obtained in the step three as a plant growth fertilizer, irrigating with the purified water obtained in the step two, planting organic crops to produce organic grains, and taking the residual crop straws as straw carbonization raw materials.
2. The ecological cycle production mode of organic crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochemical effluent from cultivation in the second step is biochemically treated one of pig wastewater, chicken wastewater, duck wastewater and cattle wastewater.
3. The ecological cycle production mode of organic crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological organic fertilizer in the third step comprises 0.2-0.8 parts by weight of pyroligneous liquor, 55-65 parts by weight of dried fertilizer and 2-5 parts by weight of beneficial additive.
4. The ecological cycle production mode of organic crops as claimed in claim 3, wherein the beneficial additive comprises 0.5-1 part by weight of beneficial bacterium preparation and 10-15 parts by weight of forming aid.
5. The ecological cycle production mode of organic crops as claimed in claim 4, wherein the beneficial bacteria preparation is at least two of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma, bacillus subtilis, light and bacteria, and the forming aid is at least one of bentonite, binder and fulvic acid powder.
6. The ecological cycle production mode of organic crops as claimed in claim 3, wherein the components of the drying fertilizer in parts by weight are respectively saturated carbon base 2-3, livestock and poultry manure 5-9 and vegetable cake 1-2.
7. The ecological cycle production mode of organic crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the livestock manure in step three is at least one of manure from breeding pigs, chickens, ducks and cattle.
8. The ecological cycle production mode of organic crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rapeseed cake in step three is at least one of waste residues produced after oil extraction from rapeseed, peanut and sunflower seeds.
9. The ecological cycle production mode of organic crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crops in the fourth step are at least one of rice, wheat, corn and soybean.
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| CN103121882A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-05-29 | 山西序然秸秆能源科技有限公司 | Biomass straw charcoal based organic fertilizer and production method thereof |
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| CN106083316A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 河北天善生物技术有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109534636A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-29 | 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 | A kind of production system that waste straw is utilized with livestock and poultry feces integrated treatment |
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2019
- 2019-12-16 CN CN201911291793.6A patent/CN111454095A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103121882A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-05-29 | 山西序然秸秆能源科技有限公司 | Biomass straw charcoal based organic fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN105884409A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江长兴布莱蒙农业机械科技有限公司 | Ecological circulation system based on harmless treatment of animal dung |
| CN106083316A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 河北天善生物技术有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109534636A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-29 | 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 | A kind of production system that waste straw is utilized with livestock and poultry feces integrated treatment |
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