CN113173808A - Method for preparing organic fertilizer by treating biochemical tailings of kitchen waste through earthworm composting - Google Patents
Method for preparing organic fertilizer by treating biochemical tailings of kitchen waste through earthworm composting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing organic fertilizer by treating biochemical tailings of kitchen waste through earthworm composting, which comprises the steps of fully and uniformly stirring the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and auxiliary materials according to the weight ratio of 4:9-1:6, then adjusting the water content to 55-75% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 7-30 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 7-30 days into an earthworm bed, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, collecting earthworm feces every 2-9 weeks, and adding the natural pre-fermentation mixture into the earthworm bed; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts by a sieve of 10-100 meshes to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the invention, the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and the auxiliary materials are mixed to reduce the characteristics of low decomposition degree, high salt content and the like of the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, accurately provide the proportion of the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and the auxiliary materials, further reduce the salt content, improve the decomposition degree and obtain the excellent organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological treatment technology and resource utilization of biochemical treatment tailings of kitchen waste, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by treating the biochemical tailings of the kitchen waste through earthworm composting.
Background
According to statistics, the national kitchen waste production in 2019 reaches 11282 ten thousand tons, and the generation trend is rising year by year. The kitchen waste has a great resource utilization value because of containing rich nutrient elements and organic substances, but has the characteristics of high water content, high perishability and the like, and can cause secondary pollution to the environment and even threaten human health if not properly treated. At present, the main treatment modes of the kitchen waste comprise a crushing direct discharging method, a landfill method, a fertilizer processing method, a feed production method and a burning method. Once the crushing and direct discharging treatment is not properly carried out, the sewer pipe is likely to be blocked, so that the normal life of people is seriously affected; the landfill treatment causes the kitchen waste to generate a large amount of methane and percolate, which can cause serious pollution to underground water; in the fertilizer processing, due to the factors of high salt content, high organic matter concentration, oil content and the like of the kitchen waste, the kitchen waste needs to be matched with hardware such as deodorization, ventilation, field utilization and the like in the operation process, so that the operation cost is higher, and the quality of the obtained organic fertilizer is poor; in the production feed treatment, some pathogenic microorganisms carried in the kitchen waste enter human bodies along with food chains, so that the human health is harmed; the incineration treatment generates dioxin due to insufficient combustion, and the body health of surrounding residents is seriously harmed. The biochemical treatment of the kitchen waste refers to the process of utilizing microorganisms to rapidly decompose the kitchen waste and produce organic fertilizer or intermediate products thereof in a short time, so that the harmless and recycling process of the kitchen waste is realized. After the kitchen waste is subjected to biochemical treatment, the volume reduction and the reduction degree of the kitchen waste are large, the odor removal effect is obvious, the surrounding environment quality is improved, and the kitchen waste biochemical treatment is regarded as a kitchen waste treatment technology with small pollution and high benefit. The biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste contain organic matters of the kitchen waste, and are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements and humus, and the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste have feasibility of resource utilization due to the characteristics, but the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste have the characteristics of high pathogenic microorganisms, high salt content, low decomposition degree and the like, and are not suitable for being directly used as agricultural organic fertilizers. According to Bifeng and the like, systematic investigation, sampling and analysis are carried out on 12 rural area site fertilizer products which are subjected to rural domestic garbage classification and perishable garbage mechanical fertilization treatment in Hangzhou city 6 districts (counties and cities). The results show that: the rotten degree of fertilizer products of about 75 percent of machine fertilization treatment sites can not meet the basic requirements of organic fertilizer standards at all.
Earthworm composting refers to a composting process in which earthworms are introduced into a biological treatment technology for organic solid waste. The earthworms have abundant enzyme systems (protease, lipase, cellulase, amylase and the like) to thoroughly decompose organic wastes, and generate earthworm feces through the mechanical grinding effect of the sand sacs and the biochemical effect in intestinal tracts. Earthworm compost is used for treating the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste can be effectively decomposed and promoted to be quickly decomposed, and meanwhile, the produced earthworm dung is an organic fertilizer with good physical and chemical properties. After the Boruah and the like use Eisenia foetida to treat the non-decomposed citronella slag and sludge, researches show that the Eisenia foetida can improve the decomposition degree. In addition, the earthworm cast has the effect of promoting the growth of plants, for example, the Shijin and the like prove that the right amount of earthworm cast is input to regulate the photosynthesis of the plants, so that the biomass and the root activity are improved, and the yield of the tomatoes serving as organic fertilizers is improved. Arancon et al have demonstrated that earthworm cast can enhance disease resistance of strawberries, enabling strawberries to resist attack by pathogenic bacteria and nematodes.
Application number CN201420391573.7 discloses a kitchen garbage biochemical treatment machine, send into the drying-machine stoving after fermenting with kitchen garbage biochemical treatment tailings, cooling treatment is carried out in getting into the cooler, use fine crusher to smash after the cooling, make process flow more complicated on the one hand, the energy consumption has been improved, the treatment cost has been increased, on the other hand, handle kitchen garbage biochemical treatment tailings direct fermentation, can lead to kitchen garbage biochemical treatment tailings and not thoroughly decomposed preparation fertilizer, cause secondary pollution to the environment easily.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing earthworm composting to treat kitchen waste biochemical tailings.
According to the invention, the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste are high in salt content and low in decomposition degree and cannot be directly used as the fertilizer, the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste are mixed with the auxiliary materials, and the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste are efficiently treated on the premise of ensuring the activity of the earthworms, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained, and the resource utilization of the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a treatment method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using earthworm compost for treating biochemical treatment tailings of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and auxiliary materials: mixing the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste with auxiliary materials according to the weight ratio of 4-9:1-6, fully and uniformly stirring, then adjusting the water content to 55-75% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 7-30 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture;
2) preparing the naturally pre-fermented mixture obtained in the step 1) into an earthworm bed, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, collecting earthworm casts at intervals of 2-9 weeks at the humidity of 60-75% and the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and continuously adding the naturally pre-fermented mixture into the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture medium and inoculated with adult earthworms according to the density of 25-32 g/kg; the ratio of the collection amount of the earthworm casts to the dry weight of the natural pre-fermentation mixture continuously added each time is 1:1-1: 5;
3) and (3) air-drying and rolling the earthworm casts collected in the step 2) in a shade place, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 10-100-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, in the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste in the step 1), the conductivity is less than 15mS/cm, and the germination index of seeds is less than 5 percent
Further, the auxiliary materials in the step 1) are a mixture of wood chips, vermiculite, desulfurized gypsum and bone charcoal, and the particle size of the wood chips and the particle size of the vermiculite are less than 3 cm.
Further, the natural pre-fermentation treatment in the step 1) comprises turning and throwing for 1 time every 3 days in the first 7 days, turning and throwing for 1 time every week in the later period, and pouring ultrapure water every 2 days to keep the humidity of the substrate at 55-75 percent
Further, the earthworms in the step 2) are Eisenia foetida which is purchased from the market and cultured in the kitchen waste biochemical treatment decomposed tailing compost for 10-30 days in advance for inoculation so as to enhance the growth adaptability of the earthworms; the culture temperature and humidity are 10-30 deg.C and 60-70%.
Further, the earthworm bed in the step 2) is a compost box type, the specification is 20-450cm 20-400cm, the thickness of the bait pile in the compost is 5-25cm, the length is 10-30cm, and the width is 10-30 cm.
Furthermore, the pH value of the earthworm casts in the step 3) serving as an organic fertilizer is 7.0-8.5, the content of organic matters is 50-90%, the mass fraction of total nutrients is 5-70%, and the germination index of seeds is 90-150%, which all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standards.
And further, when the germination index of the seeds in the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste is less than 5%, the conductivity is more than 10mS/cm and less than 15mS/cm, mixing the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and the auxiliary materials according to the weight ratio of 4-5: 5-6.
Or when the germination index of the seeds in the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste is less than 5%, the conductivity is more than 5mS/cm and less than 10mS/cm, mixing the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste with the auxiliary materials according to the weight ratio of 5-7: 3-5.
Or when the germination index of seeds in the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste is less than 5%, the conductivity is more than 4mS/cm and less than 5mS/cm, mixing the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste with the auxiliary materials according to the weight ratio of 7-8: 2-3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and the auxiliary materials are mixed to reduce the characteristics of low decomposition degree, high salt content and the like of the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, accurately provide the proportion of the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and the auxiliary materials, further reduce the salt content, improve the decomposition degree and obtain the excellent organic fertilizer.
After the biochemical treatment of the kitchen waste tailings by earthworm composting, the pH value of the earthworm dung serving as an organic fertilizer is 7.0-8.5, the content of organic matters is 50-90%, the mass fraction of total nutrients is 5-30%, and the germination index of seeds is 90-150%, which all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the survival rate of earthworms in each example;
FIG. 2 is a graph of total nutrient content for each example;
FIG. 3 is a graph of conductivity for each example;
FIG. 4 is a graph of germination indices of seeds for various examples.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and specific examples are given to better understand the technical solution.
Example 1
The biochemical treatment of the tailings of the kitchen waste in the household waste treatment plant has a seed germination index of 3.9% and a conductivity of 4.8 mS/cm. Adding auxiliary materials into the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture as shown in table 1, then adjusting the water content to 55% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 30 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing an earthworm bed (the specification is 450cm x 400cm, the thickness of a bait stack in compost is 25cm, the length is 30cm, and the width is 30 cm) from the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 30 days, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, keeping the humidity at 65%, and collecting earthworm feces every 2 weeks at the temperature of 25 ℃, and naturally pre-fermenting the mixture to the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture medium to inoculate adult earthworms according to the density of 32 g/kg; collecting the earthworm casts and adding a natural pre-fermentation mixture, wherein the dry weight ratio of the collected earthworm casts to the natural pre-fermentation mixture is 1: 1.3; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the formula, the earthworm cast serving as the organic fertilizer has the pH value of 7.45, the conductivity of 1.27mS/cm, the content of organic matters of 62.21 percent, the mass fraction of total nutrients of 6.09 percent and the germination index of seeds of 95.27 percent, and all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standards.
Table 1: kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary material formula
Example 2
The biochemical treatment of the tailings of the kitchen waste in the household waste treatment plant has a seed germination index of 4.2% and a conductivity of 9.9 mS/cm. Adding auxiliary materials into the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture as shown in table 2, then adjusting the water content to 58% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 21 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing an earthworm bed (the specification is 350cm x 300cm, the thickness of a bait stack in compost is 23cm, the length is 25cm, and the width is 25 cm) from the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 21 days, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, keeping the humidity at 70%, and collecting earthworm feces at intervals of 3 weeks at the temperature of 23 ℃, and naturally pre-fermenting the mixture to the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture pond to inoculate adult earthworms according to the density of 30 g/kg; collecting the earthworm casts and adding a natural pre-fermentation mixture, wherein the dry weight ratio of the collected earthworm casts to the natural pre-fermentation mixture is 1: 1.5; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the formula, the earthworm cast serving as the organic fertilizer has the pH value of 7.65, the conductivity of 1.88 mS/cm, the content of organic matters of 68.32%, the mass fraction of total nutrients of 7.24% and the germination index of seeds of 102.21%, and all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standards.
Table 2: kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary material formula
Example 3
The biochemical treatment of the tailings of the kitchen waste in the household waste treatment plant has a seed germination index of 4.1% and a conductivity of 9.2 mS/cm. Adding auxiliary materials into the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture as shown in table 3, then adjusting the water content to 60% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 18 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing an earthworm bed (the specification is 300cm x 250cm, the thickness of a bait stack in compost is 22cm, the length is 24 cm, and the width is 24 cm) from the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 18 days, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, keeping the humidity at 60%, and collecting earthworm feces at intervals of 4 weeks at the temperature of 20 ℃, and naturally pre-fermenting the mixture to the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture pond to inoculate adult earthworms according to the density of 27 g/kg; collecting the earthworm casts and adding a natural pre-fermentation mixture, wherein the dry weight ratio of the collected earthworm casts to the natural pre-fermentation mixture is 1: 2; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the formula, the earthworm cast serving as the organic fertilizer has the pH value of 7.28, the conductivity of 1.96mS/cm, the content of organic matters of 7.03 percent, the mass fraction of total nutrients of 7.89 percent and the germination index of seeds of 92.32 percent, and all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standards.
Table 3: kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary material formula
Example 4
The biochemical treatment of the tailings of the kitchen waste in the household waste treatment plant has a seed germination index of 3.6 percent and a conductivity of 9.9 mS/cm. Adding auxiliary materials into the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture as shown in table 4, then adjusting the water content to 66% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 12 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing an earthworm bed (the specification is 130cm x 130cm, the thickness of a bait stack in compost is 20cm, the length is 20cm, and the width is 22 cm) from the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 12 days, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, keeping the humidity at 62%, and collecting earthworm feces every 5 weeks at the temperature of 22 ℃, and adding the natural pre-fermentation mixture into the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture pond to inoculate adult earthworms according to the density of 29 g/kg; collecting the earthworm casts and adding a natural pre-fermentation mixture, wherein the dry weight ratio of the collected earthworm casts to the natural pre-fermentation mixture is 1: 3; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the formula, the earthworm cast serving as the organic fertilizer has the pH value of 7.12, the conductivity of 1.59 mS/cm, the content of organic matters of 70.33 percent, the mass fraction of total nutrients of 8.07 percent and the germination index of 114.17 percent, and all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standard.
Table 4: kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary material formula
Example 5
The biochemical treatment of the tailings of the kitchen waste in the household waste treatment plant has a seed germination index of 4.1% and a conductivity of 10.8 mS/cm. Adding auxiliary materials into the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture as shown in table 5, then adjusting the water content to 65% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 11 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing an earthworm bed (the specification is 120cm x 150cm x 200cm, the thickness of a bait stack in compost is 25cm, the length is 30cm, and the width is 25 cm) from the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 11 days, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, keeping the humidity at 66%, and keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, collecting earthworm feces every 6 weeks, and adding the natural pre-fermentation mixture into the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture pond to inoculate adult earthworms according to the density of 30 g/kg; collecting the earthworm casts and adding a natural pre-fermentation mixture, wherein the dry weight ratio of the collected earthworm casts to the natural pre-fermentation mixture is 1: 4; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 70-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the formula, the earthworm cast serving as the organic fertilizer has the pH value of 7.74, the conductivity of 1.43mS/cm, the content of organic matters of 68 percent, the mass fraction of total nutrients of 7.21 percent and the germination index of seeds of 129.01 percent, and all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standard.
Table 5: kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary material formula
Example 6
The biochemical treatment of the tailings of the kitchen waste in the household waste treatment plant has a seed germination index of 4.5% and a conductivity of 11.8 mS/cm. Adding auxiliary materials into the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture as shown in table 6, then adjusting the water content to 68% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 22 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing an earthworm bed (the specification is 110cm x 120cm x 180cm, the thickness of a bait stack in compost is 22cm, the length is 28cm, and the width is 27 cm) from the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 22 days, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, keeping the humidity at 68%, and collecting earthworm feces at the temperature of 26 ℃ every 7 weeks, and adding the natural pre-fermentation mixture into the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture pond to inoculate adult earthworms according to the density of 30 g/kg; collecting the earthworm casts and adding a natural pre-fermentation mixture, wherein the dry weight ratio of the collected earthworm casts to the natural pre-fermentation mixture is 1: 4.5; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the formula, the earthworm cast serving as the organic fertilizer has the pH value of 7.34, the conductivity of 1.52mS/cm, the content of organic matters of 55.27 percent, the mass fraction of total nutrients of 8.12 percent and the germination index of seeds of 117.21 percent, and all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standards.
Table 6: kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary material formula
Example 7
The biochemical treatment of the tailings of the kitchen waste in the household waste treatment plant has a seed germination index of 4.3 percent and a conductivity of 12.9 mS/cm. Adding auxiliary materials into the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture as shown in table 7, then adjusting the water content to 72% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 24 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing an earthworm bed (the specification is 130cm x 150cm x 180cm, the thickness of a bait stack in compost is 23cm, the length is 29cm, and the width is 28 cm) from the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 24 days, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, keeping the humidity at 70%, and collecting earthworm feces at intervals of 8 weeks at the temperature of 27 ℃, and adding the natural pre-fermentation mixture into the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture pond to inoculate adult earthworms according to the density of 30 g/kg; collecting the earthworm casts and adding a natural pre-fermentation mixture, wherein the dry weight ratio of the collected earthworm casts to the natural pre-fermentation mixture is 1: 4.5; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts by a 90-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the formula, the earthworm cast serving as the organic fertilizer has the pH value of 7.01, the conductivity of 1.45 mS/cm, the content of organic matters of 62.34 percent, the mass fraction of total nutrients of 7.65 percent and the germination index of 128.13 percent, and all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standard.
Table 7: kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary material formula
Example 8
The biochemical treatment of the tailings of the kitchen waste in the household waste treatment plant has a seed germination index of 4.2 percent and a conductivity of 14.3 mS/cm. Adding auxiliary materials into the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture as shown in table 8, then adjusting the water content to 75% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 7 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture; preparing an earthworm bed (the specification is 170cm x 160cm x 190cm, the thickness of a bait stack in compost is 25cm, the length is 30cm, and the width is 30 cm) from the mixture subjected to natural pre-fermentation for 7 days, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, shading the earthworm bed, keeping the humidity at 75%, and collecting earthworm feces at 30 ℃ every 9 weeks, and adding the natural pre-fermentation mixture into the earthworm bed; the earthworm seeds are put into the culture medium to inoculate adult earthworms according to the density of 32 g/kg; collecting the earthworm casts and adding a natural pre-fermentation mixture, wherein the dry weight ratio of the collected earthworm casts to the natural pre-fermentation mixture is 1: 5; and (3) drying and rolling the collected earthworm casts in the shade, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the formula, the earthworm cast serving as the organic fertilizer has the pH value of 7.57, the conductivity of 0.83 mS/cm, the content of organic matters of 72.09 percent, the mass fraction of total nutrients of 7.19 percent and the germination index of 108.48 percent, and all meet the requirements of NY525-2012 standard.
Table 8: kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary material formula
Index measurement:
in the embodiment 1-8, the survival rate of the earthworms is measured once a week in the earthworm composting process, the influence of the kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary materials on the earthworms by the natural pre-fermentation mixture base material is evaluated according to the survival rate of the earthworms, and the survival rate of the earthworms is calculated according to the formula:
earthworm survival = final surviving earthworm tail/initial inoculated earthworm tail 100%
As shown in figure 1, the survival rate of earthworms gradually increases with the increase of the number of days for composting the earthworms, which shows that the base materials prepared in examples 1 to 8 basically meet the environment required by the growth of the earthworms, so that the earthworms can smoothly survive, grow and reproduce, the population density of the earthworms is maintained and improved, and the smooth progress of the earthworm composting is ensured.
After the completion of earthworm composting, earthworm feces were sampled from examples 1 to 8 to determine the total nutrient (N + P)2O5 +K2O), conductivity (EC) and seed Germination Index (GI) to evaluate the treatment effect of different embodiments on the mixed kitchen waste biochemical treatment tailings and auxiliary materials.
Fig. 2-4 show the total nutrient content, EC value and GI value of earthworm cast obtained in different examples.
As shown in fig. 2 to fig. 4, the base materials prepared in examples 1 to 8 can obtain a high-quality earthworm cast organic fertilizer after earthworm composting, the total nutrient content is greater than 5%, the organic matter content is greater than 45%, the EC value is less than 4mS/cm, the GI value is greater than 80%, and the requirements of NY525 to 2012 standards are met.
Fig. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate that earthworm composting treatment can be directly carried out on the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste on the basis of adding auxiliary materials and organic fertilizer can be prepared by using the method.
Claims (8)
1. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by treating the biochemical tailings of the kitchen waste by using the earthworm compost is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) mixing the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and auxiliary materials: mixing the collected biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste with auxiliary materials according to the weight ratio of 4-9:1-6, fully and uniformly stirring, then adjusting the water content to 55-75% by using distilled water, and performing natural pre-fermentation treatment for 7-30 days to obtain a natural pre-fermentation mixture;
2) preparing the natural pre-fermentation mixture obtained in the step 1) into an earthworm bed as bait, putting earthworm seeds into the earthworm bed, wherein the earthworm bed needs to be shaded, the humidity is 60-75%, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, collecting earthworm casts every 2-9 weeks, and continuously adding the natural pre-fermentation mixture into the earthworm bed; the inoculation density of the earthworm species is 25-32 g/kg; the ratio of the collection amount of the earthworm casts to the dry weight of the natural pre-fermentation mixture continuously added each time is 1:1-1: 5;
3) and (3) air-drying and rolling the earthworm casts collected in the step 2) in a shade place, and then sieving the dried earthworm casts with a 10-100-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using earthworm compost for treating kitchen waste biochemical tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste biochemical tailings in the step 1) are tailings obtained by biochemical treatment of kitchen waste, the conductivity of the tailings is less than 15mS/cm, and the germination index of seeds is less than 5%.
3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using earthworm compost for treating biochemical tailings of kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary material in step 1) is any one or a mixture of more than one of sawdust, vermiculite, desulfurized gypsum and bone charcoal, and the particle size of the sawdust and the vermiculite is less than 3 cm.
4. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using earthworm compost for treating biochemical tailings of kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the natural pre-fermentation treatment in step 1), the substrate is turned over 1 time every 3 days for the first 7 days, turned over 1 time every week for the later period, and ultrapure water is poured every 2 days to keep the substrate humidity at 55-75%.
5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using earthworm compost for treating biochemical tailings of kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earthworms in step 2) are eisenia foetida which is purchased from the market and cultured in the decomposed tailings compost of the biochemical treatment of the kitchen waste for 10-30 days before being used for inoculation to enhance the growth adaptability; the culture temperature and humidity are 10-30 deg.C and 60-70%.
6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using earthworm compost for treating biochemical tailings of kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earthworm bed in step 2) is a compost box type with the specification of 20-450cm by 20-400cm, the thickness of the bait pile in the compost is 5-25cm, the length is 10-30cm, and the width is 10-30 cm.
7. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the earthworm composting to treat the biochemical tailings of the kitchen waste, which is disclosed by claim 1, is characterized in that the pH value of the organic fertilizer in the step 2) is 7.0-8.5, the content of organic matters is 50-90%, the mass fraction of total nutrients is 6-30%, the germination index of seeds is 90-150%, and the requirements of NY525-2012 standards are met.
8. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the earthworm composting to treat the biochemical tailings of the kitchen waste, which is recited in claim 2, is characterized in that when the germination index of seeds in the biochemical tailings of the kitchen waste is less than 5%, and the conductivity is between 10mS/cm and 15mS/cm, the biochemical tailings of the kitchen waste and auxiliary materials are mixed according to the weight ratio of 4-5: 5-6; when the conductivity is between 5mS/cm and 10mS/cm, mixing the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and auxiliary materials according to the weight ratio of 5-7: 3-5; when the conductivity is between 4mS/cm and 5mS/cm, mixing the biochemical treatment tailings of the kitchen waste and the auxiliary materials according to the weight ratio of 7-8: 2-3.
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