CN111233579A - Method for improving acid soil by carbon methane - Google Patents
Method for improving acid soil by carbon methane Download PDFInfo
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- CN111233579A CN111233579A CN202010161695.7A CN202010161695A CN111233579A CN 111233579 A CN111233579 A CN 111233579A CN 202010161695 A CN202010161695 A CN 202010161695A CN 111233579 A CN111233579 A CN 111233579A
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical group [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving soil, in particular to a method for improving acid soil by carbon methane in a synergistic manner, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural resource protection and agricultural waste resource recycling. The invention relates to a method for improving acid soil by carbon methane, which comprises the steps of preparing biomass carbon by using corn straws; biogas slurry generated after anaerobic fermentation of a farm is utilized; and then according to the nutritional requirements of the corns in each growth period, the biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry are combined to achieve the purpose of synergistically improving the acid soil. The corn straw biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry are mostly alkalescent, and the combined application is used for conditioning the acid soil, so that the acid soil improvement effect is very obvious, and the advantage of carbon and biogas synergistic soil acid improvement is played. The invention utilizes the culture solid waste and the corn straws to prepare the biomass charcoal or generate the biogas slurry, thereby changing waste into valuable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving soil, in particular to a method for improving acid soil by carbon methane in a synergistic manner, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural resource protection and agricultural waste resource recycling.
Background
Anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry excrement can produce a large amount of biogas slurry which cannot be directly discharged into the environment, and standard treatment is carried out by building a harmless treatment facility, so that the construction and operation cost is greatly increased, and therefore, the problem of serious digestion exists. The biogas slurry can be used as an organic fertilizer to realize secondary utilization of resources. The difficulty in dissolving the biogas slurry also directly limits the popularization and long-term efficient and stable operation of the biogas project. The biogas slurry can effectively treat pollutants, can recycle useful nutrient components in the pollutants into a soil-plant ecosystem, realizes resource utilization to the maximum extent, can reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and improves the soil fertility. The characteristic of alkalescence of the biogas slurry is utilized, and the biogas slurry can be used for improving acid soil.
The biomass charcoal is a porous solid particulate matter which is highly aromatic and rich in carbon and is generated by pyrolysis of carbon-rich biomass under the condition of no oxygen or lack of oxygen. It contains a great deal of carbon and plant nutrient substances, has rich pore structure, larger specific surface area and more oxygen-containing active groups on the surface, and is a multifunctional material. It not only can improve soil, increase fertility, adsorb heavy metal and organic pollutant in soil or sewage, but also has better fixing effect on carbon and nitrogen, and can reduce CO when being applied to soil2、N2O、CH4And the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced, and the global warming is slowed down. The biomass charcoal prepared by using the cultivated waste biomass is usually alkalescent.
According to statistics, the annual average fertilizer consumption of China is nearly 6000 million tons, and the method becomes the first major country for producing and consuming fertilizers in the world. Although the application of the chemical fertilizer can quickly improve the crop yield, the long-term application of the chemical fertilizer can cause the problems of soil acidification hardening, nutrient loss, environmental pollution and the like. The agricultural production mode mainly using chemical fertilizers obviously does not meet the sustainable development requirement of ecological cycle agriculture in China, and the development of novel green and environment-friendly fertilizers becomes the primary task of increasing both production and income of ecological agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for synergistically improving acid soil by using charcoal and biogas slurry, which combines corn biomass charcoal and biogas slurry in a compounding way to synergistically improve the acid soil, improve the pH value of the acid soil and reduce the soil exchangeability H+And Al3+Increasing soil nutrient substances to adjust the pH value of acid soilThe purpose of improving the physical and fertility.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of corn stalk biomass charcoal
Selecting corn straws as raw materials, naturally drying the raw materials at room temperature, crushing the raw materials, sealing the crushed raw materials, placing the crushed raw materials in a pyrolysis device, and heating the crushed raw materials to the temperature of 400 ℃ and 450 ℃ under an anaerobic condition to obtain the corn straw biomass charcoal;
(2) preparation of biogas slurry
Taking fresh biogas slurry completely digested by anaerobism or biogas slurry isolated from air and placed for not more than 1 week in a biogas generating pond;
(3) planting corn by using carbon methane in a compounding way
Collecting acidic red soil which is developed by a quaternary red soil matrix for years of cultivation as soil for trial, air-drying, grinding, sieving, storing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the soil; determining the biogas slurry application amount and the chemical fertilizer addition amount according to the soil physicochemical property and the safety control limit of the corn nitrogen demand;
corn straw biomass charcoal is added according to 0.5-2% of the dry weight of the soil and is used as a base fertilizer for application, and the biogas slurry is matched with a chemical fertilizer for topdressing according to the fertilizer requirement of the corn in different growth periods.
The invention relates to a method for improving acid soil by carbon methane, which comprises the steps of preparing biomass carbon by using corn straws; biogas slurry generated after anaerobic fermentation of a farm is utilized; and then according to the nutritional requirements of the corns in each growth period, the biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry are combined to achieve the purpose of synergistically improving the acid soil.
According to the invention, the corn straw biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry are applied in a complementary manner, so that the problems of incomplete crop nutrition, serious nitrogen deficiency and the like caused by single application of the biomass charcoal for a long time are solved, and the problems of soil salinization, nutrient loss, environmental pollution and the like caused by single application of the biogas slurry for a long time are also solved.
The corn straw biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry are mostly alkalescent, and the combined application is used for conditioning the acid soil, so that the acid soil improvement effect is very obvious, and the advantage of carbon and biogas synergistic soil acid improvement is played. The invention utilizes the culture solid waste and the corn straws to prepare the biomass charcoal or generate the biogas slurry, thereby changing waste into valuable.
The corn straw biomass charcoal prepared by the invention can improve the pH value of soil when entering the soil, mainly because the biomass charcoal has rich phosphate radicals, carbonate anions, basic cations, calcium carbonate, metal (hydroxide) oxide and other mineral components and can reduce the exchangeability H+And Al3+And (4) content.
The key point of the invention is that according to the requirements of corn on nutrients in different growing seasons in the planting process of acid soil, corn straw biomass charcoal and biogas slurry generated by a large-scale biogas digester are selected as raw materials, a biomass charcoal and biogas combined application technology is provided, the yield increasing effect of the charcoal and biogas combined on crops is explored, a fertilizer application method is partially or completely replaced by the charcoal and biogas combined application method, and the optimal technical mode of the charcoal and biogas combined application is provided, so that the purposes of conditioning the acid-base value of the acid soil and improving the fertility are achieved.
Preferably, in the step (1), the crushed corn straws are screened by a 1-3mm sieve, and the screened raw materials are pyrolyzed.
Preferably, the fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 50-60 kg/mu. The optimal application amount is 57.8 kg/mu.
Preferably, the corn planting in the step (3) comprises the following specific steps,
applying a base fertilizer: after the biomass charcoal of the corn stalks and the chemical fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are ploughed into soil at one time, the corn is sowed;
topdressing: applying biogas slurry at the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the large flare stage of corn growth respectively, wherein the application amount is 50% +/-5%, 30% +/-5% and 20% +/-5% of the total application amount of the biogas slurry; the biogas slurry is applied at evening according to the nutrient requirement of corn, so that the application at high temperature or in rainy days is avoided, and the volatilization or loss of nutrient components is avoided.
Preferably, when the average nitrogen content of the biogas slurry is 0.08-0.1%, the total application amount of the biogas slurry is 12-15 t/mu.
Preferably, the using amount of the corn straw biomass charcoal is 0.75-3.0 t/mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the corn straw biomass charcoal is 2.0-2.5 t/mu. The optimal application amount is 2.25 t/mu.
Preferably, the specific step of applying the base fertilizer in the step (3) is that the corn straw biomass charcoal, the chemical fertilizer and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed and then are placed into a basin, water is added to adjust the water content of the soil to be 70% wt of the field water holding capacity of the soil, corn seeding is carried out, and a small hole is reserved in the middle of the basin filled with the soil, so that gas exchange is facilitated and the water loss is reduced.
Preferably, the biogas slurry is mixed in a ratio of 5: 3: 2 was added.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. compared with pure biogas slurry application, the method for synergistically improving acid soil by using the biomass carbon and the biogas slurry overcomes the problems of soil salinization, nutrient loss, secondary environmental pollution and the like caused by long-term biogas slurry application;
compared with pure application of biomass charcoal, the method for synergistically improving acid soil by using the biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry overcomes the problems of incomplete crop nutrition, serious nitrogen deficiency and the like caused by long-term application of the biomass charcoal;
compared with the method for applying the fertilizer, the method for synergistically improving the acid soil by combining the biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry overcomes the problems of soil acidification hardening, nutrient loss, environmental pollution and the like caused by long-term application of the fertilizer.
2. The method prepares the biomass charcoal by utilizing the culture solid wastes and the crop straws, and innovates a circular agriculture mode taking the biomass charcoal as a link; meanwhile, the utilization of biogas slurry is promoted, and the method has positive significance for solving the problem of harmless consumption of biogas slurry and guaranteeing the normal operation of biogas engineering and promoting the development of the breeding industry and the comprehensive utilization of straws in China.
3. The invention has the advantages of economy and applicability, and is beneficial to popularization. The biomass charcoal prepared by the waste planting and breeding biomass is large in raw material amount, simple to operate and low in investment. The large-scale farm produces a large amount of biogas slurry, and if the biogas slurry is treated, a large amount of investment is needed. If the technology is adopted, the biomass charcoal is cooperated, and the ecological digestion is converted into crop nutrient substances.
4. The corn straw biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry are alkaline, and the combination and the application of the corn straw biomass charcoal and the biogas slurry are an excellent acid soil conditioning measure, and the acid soil improvement effect is very obvious. The method exerts the advantages of carbon methane and red soil acid improvement, is specially used for acid red soil improvement, is particularly suitable for improving acid soil in acid rain areas in south China, and has strong pertinence.
5. The method of the invention can effectively reduce the soil exchangeability H while improving the pH of the acid soil+And Al3+And the soil fertility and the crop yield are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the combination of the biomass carbon and the biogas slurry to synergistically improve the acid soil, draws the advantages of the biomass carbon and the biogas slurry, makes up the natural defects of the biomass carbon and the biogas slurry, has multiple effects of increasing the soil fertility and relieving soil acidification, and has outstanding advantages.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a comparison curve of the influence of the addition of corn stalk biomass charcoal (abbreviated as corn stalk charcoal, the same below) and biogas slurry on the pH value of soil;
FIG. 2 shows soil exchangeable property H of corn stalk charcoal and biogas slurry+Influence of (2) versus curve;
FIG. 3 shows soil exchangeable Al caused by addition of corn stalk carbon and biogas slurry3+Influence of (2) versus curve;
FIG. 4 is a comparison curve of the effect of the addition of corn stalk charcoal and biogas slurry on the corn yield;
FIG. 5 is a comparison curve of the influence of the addition of the corn stalk charcoal and the biogas slurry on the soil fertility index.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the present invention, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise specified, and the equipment and materials used are commercially available or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores.
In the following test examples, 0.5% of corn stalk charcoal corresponds to 750 kg/mu of field dosage, 1% of corn stalk charcoal corresponds to 1.5 t/mu of field dosage, 1.5% of corn stalk charcoal corresponds to 2.25 t/mu of field dosage, and 2% of corn stalk charcoal corresponds to 3 t/mu of field dosage.
Test example 1
The improvement effect of the Zhejiang thoroughfare red soil pot culture test is as follows: the test is carried out by adopting a split zone test design, the main zone is the biogas slurry dosage (biogas slurry application and biogas slurry non-application), the auxiliary zone is the corn straw biomass charcoal (hereinafter referred to as corn straw charcoal) addition amount (0, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) for 10 treatments, and the treatments are repeated for 3 times.
1 st process (CK process): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, wherein the corn stalk carbon and the biogas slurry are not added;
2 nd process (S): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, and only adding biogas slurry without adding corn stalk carbon;
treatment No. 3 (B)0.5%): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, adding 50g of corn straw charcoal, and not adding biogas slurry;
treatment No. 4 (SB)0.5%): weighing 10kg of red soil (air dried) passing through 2mm sieveSoil), adding biogas slurry and 50g of corn stalk charcoal;
treatment No. 5 (B)1%): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, adding 100g of corn straw charcoal, and not adding biogas slurry;
treatment No. 6 (SB)1%): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, and adding biogas slurry and 100g of corn straw charcoal;
7 th treatment (B)1.5%): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, adding 150g of corn straw charcoal, and not adding biogas slurry;
8 th Process (SB)1.5%): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, and adding biogas slurry and 150g of corn straw charcoal;
treatment at run 9 (B)2%): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, adding 200g of corn straw charcoal, and not adding biogas slurry;
10 th Process (SB)2%): weighing 10kg of red soil (air-dried soil) which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, and adding biogas slurry and 200g of corn straw charcoal.
According to the nitrogen requirement of the corn in the whole growth period (225 kg/hm)2) And the average nitrogen content (0.1%) of the biogas slurry, and determining the addition amount of the biogas slurry to be 1.0L, wherein calcium superphosphate (12% P) is added in the treatment of the applied biogas slurry due to the relatively low phosphorus content in the biogas slurry2O5) The amount was 4 g. The corn stalk carbon, the calcium superphosphate and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed and then are placed into a basin, deionized water is added to adjust the water content of the soil to be 70% wt of the field water capacity of the soil, corn seeding is carried out, and a small hole is reserved in the middle of the soil for facilitating gas exchange and reducing water loss. Biogas slurry is mixed in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the large-horn stage of the corn by the ratio of 5: 3: 2 was added. After the whole growth period of the corn is finished, taking out a fresh soil sample, and measuring the pH value and the exchangeability H of the soil+And exchangeable Al3+The content of (a).
The measurement results are shown in FIG. 1 (Note: different lower case letters represent the same charcoal addition amount, and the difference between the treatment with biogas slurry and the treatment without biogas slurry reaches a significant level: (P<0.05); different capital letters represent the sameThe difference between the dosages of the biochar with or without biogas slurry reaches a significant level (P<0.05). The same below), the experimental results show that, compared with the treatment without adding the corn stalk charcoal and the biogas slurry (CK), the soil pH value is obviously improved by adding the corn stalk charcoal aloneP<0.05), the magnitude of the increase is between 18.6% and 21.7%, wherein B2%The magnitude of the increase is maximum, and B1.5%And B2%The differences between treatments were not significant. Compared with the treatment of single biogas slurry application (S), the influence of the mixed application of the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry on the pH value of the soil is not significant (P>0.05); compared with the single application of the corn straw charcoal, the pH value of the soil after the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry are mixed and applied is obviously higher than that of the soil after the single application of the corn straw charcoal.
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show soil exchangeable nature H of the combined use of corn stalk charcoal and biogas slurry+And Al3+The influence of (c). Compared with CK treatment, the independent addition of the corn stalk charcoal obviously reduces the soil exchangeability H+（P<0.05) of the first step, wherein the reduction is between 17.0% and 45.5%, and B2%The magnitude of the reduction is greatest, and B1.5%And B2%The differences between treatments were not significant. Compared with the treatment of singly applying biogas slurry (S), the mixed application of the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry can also obviously reduce the soil exchangeability H+Content of (13.7% -29.2%)P<0.05), wherein, SB2%The magnitude of the reduction is maximum, while SB1.5%And SB2%The differences between treatments were not significant. Compared with the method of applying the corn straw charcoal singly, the method of applying the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry in a mixed manner has the advantage that the soil exchangeability H is obtained+Are all significantly lower than the single application of corn stalk charcoal treatment (figure 2).
As shown in FIG. 3, addition of corn stover char alone reduced soil exchange Al compared to CK treatment3+The content of B is 5.4-15.4 percent, wherein B2%The magnitude of the reduction is greatest, and B1.5%And B2%The differences between treatments were not significant. Compared with the treatment of singly applying biogas slurry (S), the mixed application of the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry can also obviously reduce the soil exchangeable Al3+Content, same as SB2%The magnitude of the reduction is maximum, while SB1.5%And SB2%Difference between treatmentsThe difference is not significant. Compared with the method of applying the corn straw charcoal singly, the method of applying the soil exchangeable Al by mixing the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry3+Are all obviously lower than the single application of the corn stalk charcoal treatment.
Therefore, the improvement effect of 1.5 percent of the corn straw carbon and the biogas slurry and 2 percent of the corn straw carbon and the biogas slurry on the acid soil are obvious. From the economic perspective of biomass charcoal application, 1.5% of corn straw charcoal and biogas slurry are combined to be an optimal compound form for improving acid soil.
Test example 2
The improvement effect of the Zhejiang thoroughfare red soil field test is as follows: the experiment is carried out by adopting a fission zone experimental design, and the main zone is the biogas slurry dosage (S)0: no biogas slurry or S is applied0.2: 0.1L/kg biogas slurry), and the auxiliary zone is the addition amount of the corn stalk charcoal (B)0: accounts for 0 and B of the dry weight of the soil0.5%: 0.5% of the dry weight of the soil, B1%: 1% of the dry weight of the soil, B1.5%: 1.5% of the dry weight of the soil and B2%: 2% of the dry weight of the soil) and three times of treatments, the area of the cell is 30m2（5m×6m）。
1 st process (CK process): the corn stalk carbon and biogas slurry are not added in each cell;
2 nd process (S): only biogas slurry is added into each cell, and corn straw charcoal is not added;
treatment No. 3 (B)0.5%): adding 34 kg of corn straw charcoal into each cell, and not adding biogas slurry;
treatment No. 4 (SB)0.5%): adding biogas slurry and 34 kg of corn straw charcoal into each cell;
treatment No. 5 (B)1%): adding 68 kg of corn straw charcoal into each cell without adding biogas slurry;
treatment No. 6 (SB)1%): biogas slurry and 68 kg of corn straw charcoal are added into each cell;
7 th treatment (B)1.5%): adding 102 kg of corn straw charcoal into each cell, and not adding biogas slurry;
8 th Process (SB)1.5%): biogas slurry and 102 kg of corn straw charcoal are added into each cell;
treatment at run 9 (B)2%): adding 136 kg of corn straw charcoal into each cell, and not adding biogas slurry;
10 th Process (SB)2%): biogas slurry and 136 kg of corn straw charcoal are added into each cell.
According to the nitrogen requirement of the corn in the whole growth period (225 kg/hm)2) And the average nitrogen content (0.1%) of the biogas slurry, determining the addition amount of the biogas slurry to be 15 t/mu, and adding calcium superphosphate (12% P) into the biogas slurry applied treatment because the phosphorus content in the biogas slurry is relatively low2O5) The amount was 57.7 kg/mu. The corn stalk carbon and the calcium superphosphate are used as base fertilizers to be ploughed into soil at one time, and then the corn is sowed. Biogas slurry is mixed in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the large-horn stage of the corn by the ratio of 5: 3: 2, namely 7.5t of biogas slurry is applied to each mu in the seedling stage, 4.5t is applied to each mu in the jointing stage, and 3t is applied to each mu in the large flare stage. After the whole growth period of the corn is finished, measuring the corn yield; and (3) adopting an S-shaped sampling method in each cell, taking a fresh soil sample, air-drying at room temperature, and then measuring organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil.
The determination result is shown in figure 4, and the test result shows that the corn straw carbon is added independently to obviously improve the corn yield compared with the treatment without adding the corn straw carbon and the biogas slurry (CK) ((P<0.05), the magnitude of the increase is between 4.7 and 7.4 times, wherein B2%The magnitude of the increase is maximum, and B1.5%And B2%The differences between treatments were not significant. Compared with single biogas slurry (S) application, the corn straw charcoal and biogas slurry mixed application can obviously improve the corn yield by 12.3-29.7%, wherein B1.5%The magnitude of the treatment improvement is maximal; compared with the method of applying the corn straw charcoal only, the corn yield is obviously higher than that of applying the corn straw charcoal only after the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry are mixed and applied.
FIG. 5 shows the effect of the compounding of corn stalk charcoal and biogas slurry on the soil fertility index, and compared with the treatment without adding corn stalk charcoal and biogas slurry (CK), the addition of corn stalk charcoal alone significantly increases the content of organic matters in soil (CK)P<0.05), the increase is between 97.4% and 132.6%, wherein B2%The magnitude of the increase is maximum, and B1.5%And B2%Treatment roomThe difference was not significant. Compared with single biogas slurry (S) application, the mixed application of the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry can obviously improve the content of organic matters in the soil by 32.6 to 87.1 percent (P<0.05); compared with the single application of the corn straw charcoal, the organic matter content of the soil applied by mixing the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry is obviously higher than that of the soil treated by the single application of the corn straw charcoal (figure 5A).
Compared with treatment without adding the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry (CK), the method has the advantages that the total nitrogen content of the soil is obviously improved by independently adding the corn straw charcoalP<0.05), wherein B2%The magnitude of the increase is maximum, and B1%、B1.5%And B2%The differences between treatments were not significant. Compared with single biogas slurry (S) application, the mixed application of the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry can obviously improve the total nitrogen content of the soil by 7.7-18.6% (S)P<0.05); compared with the single application of the corn straw charcoal, the organic matter content of the soil applied by mixing the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry is obviously higher than that of the soil treated by the single application of the corn straw charcoal (figure 5B).
Compared with treatment without adding the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry (CK), the method has the advantages that the content of the total phosphorus in the soil is obviously improved by independently adding the corn straw charcoalP<0.05). Compared with the single biogas slurry (S) application, the mixed application of the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry can obviously improve the total phosphorus content of the soil by 12.3 to 19.7 percent (P<0.05), wherein B2%The magnitude of the increase is maximum, and B1%、B1.5%And B2%The differences between treatments were not significant; compared with the single application of the corn straw charcoal, the organic matter content of the soil applied by mixing the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry is obviously higher than that of the soil treated by the single application of the corn straw charcoal (figure 5C).
Compared with treatment without adding the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry (CK), the method has the advantages that the content of total phosphorus in the soil is obviously improved by 13.4-58.8% by independently adding the corn straw charcoalP<0.05); compared with the single biogas slurry (S) application, the mixed application of the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry can obviously improve the total phosphorus content of the soil by 9.5 to 42.3 percent (P<0.05) and still as B2%The magnitude of the increase is maximum, and B1.5%And B2%The differences between treatments were not significant; compared with the method of applying the corn straw charcoal singly, the method of applying the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry in a mixed manner has the advantages that the organic matter content of the soil is uniformSignificantly higher than the single application of corn stover char treatment (fig. 5D).
Therefore, the combination of 1.5% of corn straw carbon and biogas slurry and the combination of 2% of corn straw carbon and biogas slurry have the most remarkable improvement on the fertility of the red soil and the corn yield, and from the economic perspective of biomass carbon application, the combination of 1.5% of corn straw carbon and biogas slurry is the optimal compound form for improving the fertility of the red soil and increasing the crop yield.
By combining the test results of the application test examples 1 and 2, it can be known that 1.5% of the corn straw charcoal and the biogas slurry are combined (2.25 t of corn straw biomass charcoal is applied per mu, 15t of biogas slurry is used, and 57.7kg of calcium superphosphate is an optimal combination mode for improving acid red soil, improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield.
The core of the invention is to provide a method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane, which is called as a first specific embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of corn stalk biomass charcoal
Selecting corn straws as raw materials, naturally drying the raw materials at room temperature, crushing the raw materials, sealing the crushed raw materials, placing the crushed raw materials in a pyrolysis device, and heating the crushed raw materials to the temperature of 400 ℃ and 450 ℃ under an anaerobic condition to obtain the corn straw biomass charcoal;
(2) biogas slurry
Taking fresh biogas slurry completely digested by anaerobism or biogas slurry isolated from air and placed for not more than 1 week in a biogas generating pond;
(3) planting corn by using carbon methane in a compounding way
Collecting acidic red soil which is developed by a quaternary red soil matrix for years of cultivation as soil for trial, air-drying, grinding, sieving, storing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the soil; determining the biogas slurry application amount and the chemical fertilizer addition amount according to the soil physicochemical property and the safety control limit of the corn nitrogen demand;
corn straw biomass charcoal is added according to 0.5-2% of the dry weight of the soil and is used as a base fertilizer for application, and the biogas slurry is matched with a chemical fertilizer for topdressing according to the fertilizer requirement of the corn in different growth periods.
On the basis of the first specific embodiment, the method for synergistically improving the acid soil by using the carbon methane is further limited to obtain a second specific embodiment, and the difference between the second specific embodiment and the first specific embodiment is that in the step (1), crushed corn straws are screened by a 1-3mm sieve, and the screened raw materials are pyrolyzed.
The pretreatment process of the corn straws is specifically limited in the specific embodiment, the finer particle size is beneficial to improving the pyrolysis efficiency, and other steps are the same as those in the specific embodiment and are not repeated herein.
On the basis of the first embodiment, the method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane is further improved to obtain a third embodiment, and the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the chemical fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 50-60 kg/mu.
On the basis of the first specific embodiment, the method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane is further improved to obtain a fourth specific embodiment, and the difference between the fourth specific embodiment and the above-mentioned specific embodiments is that the corn planting step in the step (3) is,
base fertilizer: after the biomass charcoal of the corn stalks and the chemical fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are ploughed into soil at one time, the corn is sowed; the amount of the corn straw biomass charcoal is 0.75-3.0 t/mu. The fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 50-60 kg/mu. The optimum application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 57.8 kg/mu.
Topdressing: applying biogas slurry at the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the large flare stage of corn growth respectively, wherein the application amount is 50% +/-5%, 30% +/-5% and 20% +/-5% of the total application amount of the biogas slurry; the biogas slurry is applied at evening according to the nutrient requirement of corn, so that the application at high temperature or in rainy days is avoided, and the volatilization or loss of nutrient components is avoided.
Further, in order to better control the addition amount of the biogas slurry, when the average nitrogen content of the biogas slurry is 0.08-0.1%, the total application amount of the biogas slurry is 12-15 t/mu.
On the basis of the fourth specific embodiment, the method for synergistically improving the acid soil by using the carbon methane is further improved to obtain a fifth specific embodiment, and the difference between the fifth specific embodiment and the fifth specific embodiment is that the application amount of the corn straw biomass carbon is 2.0-2.5 t/mu. The optimal application amount is 2.25 t/mu.
On the basis of the fifth embodiment, the method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane is further improved to obtain a sixth embodiment, and the difference between the sixth embodiment and the sixth embodiment is that a base fertilizer is applied in the step (3): the corn straw biomass charcoal, the chemical fertilizer and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed and then are placed into a basin, water is added to adjust the water content of the soil to be 70% wt of the field water capacity of the soil, corn seeding is carried out, and a small hole is reserved in the middle of the basin filled with the soil, so that gas exchange is facilitated and the water loss is reduced;
the application amount of the corn straw biomass charcoal is 2.25 t/mu; the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 57.8 kg/mu;
topdressing: the total application amount of the biogas slurry is 15 t/mu, and the total application amount of the biogas slurry is respectively calculated according to the ratio of 5 in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the large flare stage of the corn: 3: 2 (namely 7.5 t/mu biogas slurry is applied when the corn grows to the seedling stage, 4.5 t/mu biogas slurry is applied at the jointing stage, and 3 t/mu biogas slurry is applied at the large flare stage).
The method can consume a large amount of planting and breeding waste biomass, inhibit continuous degradation of acid soil, supplement partial nutrient substances of the soil in time, has multiple effects of improving the acid soil, enhancing the soil fertility, promoting normal operation of biogas engineering and resource utilization of crop straws, promoting prevention and control of rural agricultural pollution and the like, has good operability, and is convenient for large-area and large-scale popularization and application.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The method for synergistically improving the acid soil by using the carbon methane provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of corn stalk biomass charcoal
Selecting corn straws as raw materials, naturally drying the raw materials at room temperature, crushing the raw materials, sealing the raw materials, placing the crushed raw materials in pyrolysis equipment, and heating the raw materials to the temperature of 400 ℃ and 450 ℃ under an anaerobic condition to obtain the corn straw biomass charcoal;
(2) preparation of biogas slurry
Taking fresh biogas slurry completely digested by anaerobism or biogas slurry isolated from air and placed for not more than 1 week in a biogas generating pond;
(3) planting corn by using carbon methane in a compounding way
Collecting acidic red soil which is developed by a quaternary red soil matrix for years of cultivation as soil for trial, air-drying, grinding, sieving, storing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the soil; determining the biogas slurry application amount and the chemical fertilizer addition amount according to the soil physicochemical property and the safety control limit of the corn nitrogen demand;
corn straw biomass charcoal is added according to 0.5-2% of the dry weight of the soil and is used as a base fertilizer for application, and the biogas slurry is matched with a chemical fertilizer for topdressing according to the fertilizer requirement of the corn in different growth periods.
2. The method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the crushed corn straws are screened by a 1-3mm sieve, and the screened raw materials are pyrolyzed.
3. The method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 50-60 kg/mu.
4. The method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the corn planting in the step (3) comprises the following specific steps,
applying a base fertilizer: after the biomass charcoal of the corn stalks and the chemical fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are ploughed into soil at one time, the corn is sowed;
topdressing: applying biogas slurry at the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the large flare stage of corn growth respectively, wherein the application amount is 50% +/-5%, 30% +/-5% and 20% +/-5% of the total application amount of the biogas slurry; the biogas slurry is applied at evening according to the nutrient requirement of corn, so that the application at high temperature or in rainy days is avoided, and the volatilization or loss of nutrient components is avoided.
5. The method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the average nitrogen content of the biogas slurry is 0.08-0.1%, the total application amount of the biogas slurry is 12-15 tons/mu.
6. The method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the amount of the corn straw biomass charcoal is 0.75-3.0 t/mu.
7. The method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the application amount of the corn straw biomass charcoal is 2.0-2.5 t/mu.
8. The method for synergistically improving acid soil by using carbon methane according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concrete step of applying the base fertilizer in the step (3) is,
the corn straw biomass charcoal, the chemical fertilizer and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed and then are placed into a basin, water is added to adjust the water content of the soil to be 70% wt of the field water capacity of the soil, corn seeding is carried out, and a small hole is reserved in the middle of the basin filled with the soil, so that gas exchange is facilitated, and the water loss is reduced.
9. The method for synergistically improving acidic soil by using carbon methane according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: biogas slurry is mixed in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the large-horn stage of the corn by the ratio of 5: 3: 2 was added.
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| CN113615505A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-09 | 浙江天地环保科技股份有限公司 | Method for planting single-cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer |
| CN115465851A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-12-13 | 北京化工大学 | Synergistic application method for conditioning red soil by modified biomass carbon/humus/chemical fertilizer |
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| CN115448803A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-09 | 李东霖 | Preparation and application method of multifunctional organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect |
| CN116514097A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | 山东大学 | Crop straw biomass charcoal and application thereof in field of soil remediation |
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