CN111592420A - Method for preparing composite carbon-based fertilizer from biogas slurry and biogas residues and application - Google Patents
Method for preparing composite carbon-based fertilizer from biogas slurry and biogas residues and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN111592420A CN111592420A CN202010420197.XA CN202010420197A CN111592420A CN 111592420 A CN111592420 A CN 111592420A CN 202010420197 A CN202010420197 A CN 202010420197A CN 111592420 A CN111592420 A CN 111592420A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite carbon-based fertilizer by utilizing biogas slurry and biogas residues and application. The specific process is as follows: the method is characterized in that waste biogas slurry and biogas residues are used as raw materials, a composite carbon material of the biogas residues is prepared through slaked lime pretreatment and high-temperature carbonization, the carbon material is used for enriching nutrients contained in the biogas slurry and compounding the nutrients, a biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer is prepared and applied to grapefruit planting, the physical and chemical structure of grapefruit forest land soil can be effectively improved, the fertility of the soil is improved, and the yield of grapefruit is increased. The composite carbon-based fertilizer prepared from biogas slurry and biogas residues has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost, high efficiency and stable performance, effectively solves the problem of high added value resource utilization of waste biogas slurry and biogas residues, greatly reduces the application of chemical fertilizers in grapefruit forest lands, realizes green planting and yield increase of grapefruit, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a composite carbon-based fertilizer by utilizing biogas slurry and biogas residues and application of the composite carbon-based fertilizer.
Background
The biogas engineering is one of the main modes for treating the cultivation wastes in China, the anaerobic fermentation technology can efficiently convert livestock manure and the like into biogas, the problem of recycling the wastes is effectively solved, and the large-scale biogas centralized gas supply utilization engineering obtains good economic and environmental benefits. The biogas generated in the process is reused as recovered energy, and the biogas slurry and the biogas residues need to be consumed on site or subjected to advanced treatment. The biogas slurry belongs to high-concentration organic wastewater, contains rich nutrient components, but has low concentration, and is limited by available farmland area near a farm, transportation cost and fertilizer application season, so that a large amount of biogas slurry which cannot be timely consumed can cause serious environmental pollution. And the biogas residues aggravate the risk of farmland application due to the precipitation and enrichment of heavy metals and antibiotics, and agricultural non-point source pollution can be generated after long-term application, so that the environmental benefit of biogas engineering is influenced. Therefore, the reasonable utilization and treatment of biogas slurry and biogas residues become a bottleneck restricting the popularization and application of anaerobic digestion.
The biochar is a highly aromatized refractory solid substance generated by high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization under the condition of limited oxygen, has high specific surface area pores and abundant surface functional groups, can improve the physical and chemical structure of soil, is an ideal material for increasing the carbon reservoir of the soil and relieving global warming, and is widely applied to the fields of agricultural soil, environmental ecology and the like. Researches show that the biochar applied to the soil can increase the saturation hydraulic conductivity of the soil, reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the porosity of the soil, improve the quality of the soil and the like. Meanwhile, the biochar can also strongly adsorb organic pollutants in an environment medium, reduce the environmental risk, increase the adsorption and exchange of soil nutrients and reduce the loss of the soil nutrients. However, the biochar is lack of nutrient components required by crops, and can effectively solve the problem of low transportation difficulty of nutrient components in the biogas slurry by using the biochar as a carrier for enriching and concentrating the biogas slurry.
The Changshan grapefruit is a unique local citrus variety in Zhejiang province, protects products for national geographical signs, and is highly evaluated by central leaders and national fruit famous authoritative experts due to excellent properties, unique flavor and obvious efficacy. The grapefruit is suitable for growing in a soil environment with the pH value of 5.5-6.5, but the grapefruit producing area soil is slightly acidic in pH, slaked lime can perform a neutralization reaction with an acid component in acid soil to improve the soil, calcium in the lime can improve a granular structure in the soil, the soil is more loose, the permeability is increased, meanwhile, the effectiveness of trace elements in the soil can be improved, and plant diseases and insect pests are killed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a composite carbon-based fertilizer by utilizing biogas slurry and biogas residues and application thereof.
The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer by using the biogas slurry and the biogas residues is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) solid-liquid separation: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the biogas slurry and the biogas residues, air-drying or sun-drying the biogas residues until the water content is 10-20% to obtain dried biogas residues, and collecting the biogas slurry for later use;
2) pretreatment: adding a certain amount of hydrated lime into the dried biogas residue prepared in the step 1), fully mixing and crushing to prepare a composite powder material of the hydrated lime and the biogas residue;
3) high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization: carrying out high-temperature closed carbonization on the composite powder material prepared in the step 2) at the temperature of 400-600 ℃, carrying out pyrolysis for 2-5 hours, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain a composite carbon material of biogas residues;
4) biogas slurry nutrient enrichment: adding the prepared composite carbon material into the biogas slurry subjected to solid-liquid separation in the step 1), fully adsorbing and saturating, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, drying the biogas residue carbon-based fertilizer at normal temperature or in the sun until the water content is 10-20%, and using the separated relatively clean biogas slurry as farmland irrigation or farm washing water;
5) the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer: uniformly mixing the biogas residue carbon-based fertilizer prepared in the step 4) with potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in a certain proportion to prepare the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer.
The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer by using the biogas slurry and the biogas residues is characterized in that the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are the biogas slurry and the biogas residues obtained by anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure.
The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer by using the biogas slurry and the biogas residues is characterized in that in the step 2), the dry biogas residues and the hydrated lime are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10: 1-2, and crushing to the particle size of less than or equal to 20mm after uniform mixing.
The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer by using the biogas slurry and the biogas residues is characterized in that during high-temperature closed carbonization in the step 3), the temperature rise rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 400-plus-energy 600 ℃, the high-temperature pyrolysis process is carried out for 2-5 hours, the nitrogen flow rate is 1-5L/min, the product is taken out when the product is completely cooled to the normal temperature after the reaction is finished, and the specific surface area of the prepared biogas residue composite carbon material is 100-plus-energy 300 m2A basic group-rich and pH value of 6 to 8.
The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer by using biogas slurry and biogas residues is characterized in that when the composite carbon material in the step 4) is enriched in biogas slurry nutrients, a two-stage efficient adsorption reactor is adopted, the first reaction tank is used for carrying out rapid adsorption, a turbine type stirrer is arranged at the bottom, the rotating speed is 200-500 r/min, and the ratio of the adding volume of the composite carbon material to the reactor is 1: 15-20, fully adsorbing the nutrient components in the biogas slurry by the composite carbon material until the nutrient components are in super adsorption balance, and passing the effluent of the reaction tank through a pore isolation net at the bottom; and the second reaction tank carries out interception and adsorption, the volume ratio of the first reaction tank to the second reaction tank is 3:1-2, the solid-liquid separation of the composite carbon material is realized, and the precipitate is collected and aired or dried for later use.
The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer by using the biogas slurry and the biogas residues is characterized in that in the step 5), the biogas residue carbon-based fertilizer, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.08-0.15: 0.02-0.05.
The application of the composite carbon-based fertilizer prepared from the biogas slurry and the biogas residues in grapefruit planting is provided. When the compound carbon-based fertilizer is applied, the optimal application amount is determined according to the physicochemical properties of local soil, soil near one side or two sides of a crown is ditched, the application proportion is 10-30kg per tree, and the fertilizer is applied into the soil and covered with soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are from breeding manure, so that the cost is low, the preparation cost is reduced, the problem that the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are difficult to treat is solved more effectively, waste resources are fully utilized, and the method has good environmental protection and economic benefits;
2) the carbon-based fertilizer composite technology is simple and easy to implement, rich in nutrients and high in utilization value;
3) the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer prepared by the invention effectively adjusts the pH value of soil, improves the soil quality, improves the soil fertility, improves the yield of grapefruit, has the waste recycling characteristic of 'treating wastes with wastes' and has low cost and good popularization and application prospects.
Detailed Description
In order to better illustrate the present invention, the contents of the present invention are further explained with reference to examples, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Carrying out solid-liquid separation on the biogas slurry and the biogas residues, and air-drying or sun-drying the biogas residues until the water content is 10-20% to obtain dried biogas residues, wherein the mass ratio of the dried biogas residues to hydrated lime is 10: 1, uniformly mixing, and then crushing by a crusher to obtain a composite powder material of hydrated lime and biogas residue, wherein the particle size of the mixture is less than or equal to 20 mm. When the composite powder material is carbonized in a high-temperature closed manner, the temperature rise rate is 10 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 500 ℃, the high-temperature pyrolysis process is carried out for 3 hours, and the nitrogen flow rate is 3L/min until the product is completely cooledCooling to normal temperature and taking out, wherein the specific surface area of the prepared composite carbon material of the biogas residue is 158 m2(iv)/g, rich in basic groups and pH 7.2. Adopting a two-stage efficient adsorption reactor, carrying out rapid adsorption in a first reaction tank, arranging a turbine stirrer at the bottom, rotating speed of 300r/min, and adding volume of biogas residue carbon material to the reactor in a ratio of 1: and 15, when the biogas residue carbon material fully adsorbs nutrient components in the biogas slurry until super adsorption balance is achieved, and the effluent of the reaction tank passes through the pore isolation net at the bottom. And carrying out interception, adsorption and precipitation on the second reaction tank, wherein the volume ratio of the reaction tank is 3:1, the hydraulic retention time is 24 hours, the solid-liquid separation of the biogas residue carbon material is realized, and the precipitate is collected and aired or dried for later use. The separated relatively clean biogas slurry is used as farmland irrigation or farm washing water. Uniformly mixing the biogas residue carbon base fertilizer, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1:0.03 to prepare the biogas residue composite carbon base fertilizer. The optimal application amount is determined according to the physicochemical properties of local soil, soil near one side or two sides of a crown is ditched, the application proportion is 20kg per grapefruit tree, and the fertilizer is applied into the soil and covered with soil.
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the original soil, the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer effectively reduces the volume weight of the soil, improves the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, increases the pH value of the soil, is more beneficial to the growth of grapefruit and simultaneously improves the water holding capacity and the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. As can be seen from table 2, compared with the original soil, the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer effectively improves the contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil, and increases the fertility of the soil. As can be seen from table 3, compared to the original soil, after the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer was applied, the number and weight of grapefruit were increased, and the yield increase effect was significant. Therefore, the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer improves the soil property and increases the plant yield, and has good practical application value.
TABLE 1 influence of biogas residue-applied composite carbon-based fertilizer on soil structure
TABLE 2 influence of biogas residue-compounded carbon-based fertilizer on soil nutrients
TABLE 3 Effect of biogas residue-compounded carbon-based fertilizer application on grapefruit growth
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a composite carbon-based fertilizer by utilizing biogas slurry and biogas residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) solid-liquid separation: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the biogas slurry and the biogas residues, air-drying or sun-drying the biogas residues until the water content is 10-20% to obtain dried biogas residues, and collecting the biogas slurry for later use;
2) pretreatment: adding a certain amount of hydrated lime into the dried biogas residue prepared in the step 1), fully mixing and crushing to prepare a composite powder material of the hydrated lime and the biogas residue;
3) high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization: carrying out high-temperature closed carbonization on the composite powder material prepared in the step 2) at the temperature of 400-600 ℃, carrying out pyrolysis for 2-5 hours, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain a composite carbon material of biogas residues;
4) biogas slurry nutrient enrichment: adding the prepared composite carbon material into the biogas slurry subjected to solid-liquid separation in the step 1), fully adsorbing and saturating, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, drying the biogas residue carbon-based fertilizer at normal temperature or in the sun until the water content is 10-20%, and using the separated relatively clean biogas slurry as farmland irrigation or farm washing water;
5) the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer: uniformly mixing the biogas residue carbon-based fertilizer prepared in the step 4) with potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in a certain proportion to prepare the biogas residue composite carbon-based fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer from the biogas slurry and the biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are biogas slurry and biogas residues obtained by anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure.
3. The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer by using the biogas slurry and the biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the mass ratio of the dried biogas residues to the hydrated lime is 10: 1-2, and crushing to the particle size of less than or equal to 20mm after uniform mixing.
4. The method for preparing a composite carbon-based fertilizer from biogas slurry and biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature rise rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 400-2A basic group-rich and pH value of 6 to 8.
5. The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer by using the biogas slurry and the biogas residues according to claim 1, wherein when the composite carbon material in the step 4) is enriched in biogas slurry nutrients, a two-stage efficient adsorption reactor is adopted, the first reaction tank is used for carrying out rapid adsorption, a turbine-type stirrer is arranged at the bottom, the rotating speed is 200-500 r/min, and the ratio of the adding volume of the composite carbon material to the reactor is 1: 15-20, fully adsorbing the nutrient components in the biogas slurry by the composite carbon material until the nutrient components are in super adsorption balance, and passing the effluent of the reaction tank through a pore isolation net at the bottom; and the second reaction tank carries out interception and adsorption, the volume ratio of the first reaction tank to the second reaction tank is 3:1-2, the solid-liquid separation of the composite carbon material is realized, and the precipitate is collected and aired or dried for later use.
6. The method for preparing the composite carbon-based fertilizer from the biogas slurry and the biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the biogas residue carbon-based fertilizer, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.08-0.15: 0.02-0.05.
7. The application of the composite carbon-based fertilizer prepared from biogas slurry and biogas residues in grapefruit planting according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113277915A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-20 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation method of binder-free composite carbon-based fertilizer prepared from biogas residues |
| CN113273457A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-20 | 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 | Mechanical efficient sowing method suitable for quinoa in coastal sandy saline-alkali soil |
| CN114685217A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-01 | 华南农业大学 | Method for effectively recovering biogas slurry nutrients by using biogas residue carbon containing ash and phosphorus |
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