CN113615505A - Method for planting single-cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for planting single-cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113615505A CN113615505A CN202111096307.2A CN202111096307A CN113615505A CN 113615505 A CN113615505 A CN 113615505A CN 202111096307 A CN202111096307 A CN 202111096307A CN 113615505 A CN113615505 A CN 113615505A
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
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- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting single-cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: preparing a biogas slurry stock solution; determining the application amount of the biogas slurry stock solution and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer, and applying the biogas slurry stock solution and the chemical fertilizer in a combined manner. The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the biogas slurry adopted by the invention contains rich organic substances, ammonia, nitrogen, phosphorus, water-soluble potassium, water-soluble amino acid, a small amount of phosphorus isokinetic nutrient substances, cytokinin and other life active substances, and is a high-quality organic fertilizer resource. The invention utilizes the alkaline property of the biogas slurry, eliminates the adverse effects of fertilizer application on the aspects of soil acidification hardening, fertility level reduction and the like by blending and applying the biogas slurry and the fertilizer, makes up the continuous adverse effects of the independent application of the biogas slurry and the fertilizer on the soil, and exerts the advantages of replacing the fertilizer with agricultural resources and comprehensively and environmentally utilizing waste resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of land resource protection and comprehensive green utilization of agricultural waste resources, and particularly relates to a method for planting single-cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer.
Background
The biogas engineering is a main technology for treating the breeding wastewater in Zhejiang province, the government of the Zhejiang province pays attention to the development of rural biogas engineering in recent years, a special fund is set by the government of the Zhejiang province to support the biogas engineering, the biogas engineering is mostly set in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in the whole province, and various biogas engineering makes important contribution to pollution reduction and emission reduction of the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater in Zhejiang province. A large amount of biogas slurry is generated in the biogas production process, and the biogas slurry contains abundant organic substances, ammonia nitrogen, water-soluble potassium, water-soluble amino acid and a small amount of phosphorus isokinetic nutrient substances. Meanwhile, the biogas slurry also contains rich trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and the like and bioactive substances such as B vitamins, antibiotics, gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and the like, has important regulating effects on plant growth promotion and pest control, is a high-quality organic fertilizer resource, also has a certain pesticide effect function, and is a pollutant discharged from water and an available resource for crops. The research of biogas slurry in the aspects of soil improvement, soil fertility improvement, pesticide fertilizer reduction and the like has become the most attractive research direction in the current ecological cycle agriculture field, but in the actual production, as the generation of biogas slurry has the characteristics of concentration, continuity and large amount, the biogas slurry is difficult to be effectively utilized in a small range, and the resource utilization technology, the industrialized popularization and the standardized application of the biogas slurry are technical guarantees for the biogas slurry fertilizing scientific utilization. On the level of Zhejiang province and even nationwide, the accurate fertilizer application of biogas slurry is an important problem that the benign development of biogas engineering is guaranteed, the biogas utilization of agricultural production wastes is promoted, and the link function of biogas in planting and breeding cycles cannot be avoided.
Chemical fertilizers generally refer to fertilizers made by chemical methods that contain one or more nutrient elements required for the growth and development of crops. In recent times, the large-scale application of chemical fertilizers greatly increases the grain yield of all countries in the world, and brings environmental problems of farmland land decline, soil acidification, heavy metal pollution and the like. In addition, the heavy use of the fertilizer also causes the problems of reduction of the activity of soil microorganisms, inhibition of the conversion and degradation of soil organic matters, soil nutrient imbalance and the like. Facing the negative problems of fertilizer use, agriculture chooses to condition the physical, chemical, biological structure of soil by applying organic fertilizers to the soil. However, the use of organic fertilizers is faced with the problems of high purchase cost, relatively low available nutrient content, slow nutrient release and little effect on improving acidified soil.
The zizania latifolia, also known as Gaoshu, zizania latifolia, Gaoshu and zizania latifolia, is a zizania perennial root herbaceous plant of the family Gramineae. The method is divided into double-cropping water bamboo and single-cropping water bamboo (or divided into double cropping water bamboo and single cropping water bamboo), and the double-cropping water bamboo (double cropping water bamboo) has higher yield and good quality. The ancient people called zizania aquatica as "zizania". In the past of the Tang era, zizania latifolia is used as a food crop for cultivation, and the seed of the zizania latifolia is zizania rice or Zhuhu, which is one of six cereals (, millet, sorghum, wheat and zizania latifolia). Later, people find that some wild rice cannot be spiced because of infecting Ustilago esculenta, and the plant has no disease picture, the stem part continuously expands to gradually form spindle-shaped fleshy stem, which is the wild rice stem eaten at present. Therefore, people can utilize smut bacteria to prevent the zizania latifolia from flowering and fruiting, and propagate the diseased abnormal plant as vegetable. Wild rice shoots are cultivated as vegetables in the world, and only China and Vietnam exist. Zizania latifolia is known as one of three good (Zizania latifolia, spring bud and wild duck egg) in Xintai Baizhuang in Shandong, and is handed to present from ancient times. Zizania latifolia is mostly grown in the areas of Yangtze river and lake, and is suitable for growth in fresh water.
Currently, in order to pursue high yield of the water bamboo, most farmers mostly have the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, soil acidification and hardening of the water bamboo field, water bamboo quality reduction and the like due to large amount of base fertilizer in the planting process, and the sustainable production of the water bamboo industry is severely restricted. Therefore, aiming at the problems of low utilization rate and low quality of the wild rice stem in south China, the improvement on the physical, chemical and biological activities of the soil of the wild rice stem field is developed, a regional planting and breeding combined cyclic agricultural mode is formed, and the method is an important link for reducing the usage amount of chemical fertilizers and promoting the cooperative development of regional livestock and poultry breeding, clean development of bioenergy and green and ecological agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for planting single-cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer.
The method for planting the single cropping water bamboo by using biogas slurry to replace chemical fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing biogas slurry stock solution: selecting livestock and poultry breeding waste and farmland waste as raw materials, naturally drying the farmland waste at room temperature, crushing the farmland waste, screening the crushed farmland waste by using a screening device, mixing the screened crushed farmland waste with the livestock and poultry breeding waste, and feeding a mixed product into an anaerobic fermentation tank; performing dry-wet separation after natural fermentation in an anaerobic fermentation tank at a set temperature for a set time, storing biogas slurry stock solution obtained by the dry-wet separation into a closed reservoir for later use, and conveying the biogas slurry stock solution by using a closed conveying and distributing pipe network;
step 2, determining the application amount of the biogas slurry stock solution and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer, and applying the biogas slurry stock solution and the chemical fertilizer in a combined manner;
step 2.1, taking the nitrogen fertilizer requirement as a reference for accounting, respectively replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement with the biogas slurry stock solution, and calculating the residual fertilizer application amount to obtain the biogas slurry stock solution usage and the fertilizer application amount when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement is replaced; biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer with corresponding dosage are respectively applied in the basal fertilizer stage, before the transplanting of the wild rice shoots, in the jointing stage, in the tillering stage and in the wild rice shoot breeding stage when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the fertilizer requirement of the nitrogen fertilizer is replaced;
step 2.2, applying a phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer before the transplanting of the cane shoots, applying a potash fertilizer to half in a jointing stage and a tillering stage, and supplementing the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer by adopting a chemical fertilizer when the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are insufficient; the application period of the nitrogen fertilizer corresponding to the fertilizer requirement of the nitrogen fertilizer which is not replaced is the same as that of the conventional fertilizer treatment;
and 3, selecting a biogas slurry stock solution and a chemical fertilizer matched application mode with a good effect of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the water bamboo field in the step 2 to perform field test, so that the soil fertility level of the water bamboo field is improved, and the quality of the water bamboo is improved.
Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed livestock and poultry breeding waste and farmland waste in the step 1 is within 23-28.
Preferably, the waste of livestock and poultry breeding in the step 1 is breeding waste pig manure, and the farmland waste is agricultural waste rice straw.
Preferably, the aperture of the screening device in the step 1 is 1-3 mm; naturally fermenting for 20-25 days in an anaerobic fermentation tank at 30 ℃.
Preferably, the fertilizer in the step 2 is compound fertilizer or urea.
Preferably, the biogas slurry stock solution and the fertilizer are applied synchronously in step 2.1.
Preferably, step 2.1 is also: taking the phosphate fertilizer requirement as a calculation reference, respectively replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the phosphate fertilizer requirement with the biogas slurry stock solution, and calculating the residual fertilizer application amount to obtain the biogas slurry stock solution usage and the fertilizer application amount when the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the phosphate fertilizer requirement is replaced; biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer which are used in corresponding amounts when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of phosphate fertilizer requirement is replaced are respectively applied in a basal fertilizer stage, before the water bamboo is transplanted, in a jointing stage, in a tillering stage and in a water bamboo raising stage.
Preferably, step 2.1 is also: taking the potassium fertilizer requirement as a check calculation standard, respectively replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the potassium fertilizer requirement with the biogas slurry stock solution, and calculating the residual fertilizer application amount to obtain the biogas slurry stock solution usage and the fertilizer application amount when the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the potassium fertilizer requirement is replaced; biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer with corresponding dosage are respectively applied in the basal fertilizer stage, before the transplanting of the water bamboo, in the jointing stage, in the tillering stage and in the water bamboo raising stage when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of fertilizer requirement of potash fertilizer is replaced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method utilizes the wastes (mixed pig manure and urine) of livestock and poultry breeding and the wastes (rice straws) of farmland to carry out dry-wet separation after mixed fermentation to obtain the biogas slurry stock solution, has simple operation, and is convenient for large-scale popularization and application in the water bamboo planting area in south China; the invention utilizes the prior biogas fermentation equipment, has sufficient raw material sources and large biogas slurry production amount; under the condition of solving the problem of recycling of biogas slurry, the biogas slurry stock solution is used for replacing chemical fertilizers with different proportions to be compounded and applied to the wild rice stem field, the optimal technical mode for planting the wild rice stem by cooperatively applying the biogas slurry stock solution and the chemical fertilizers is obtained, and the purpose of accumulating and fertilizing the soil fertility of the wild rice stem field is achieved by cooperatively applying the biogas slurry stock solution and the chemical fertilizers for many years. The invention also reduces the using amount of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production, and innovates and integrates a circular agricultural mode taking green clean returning of agricultural wastes as a link.
The invention utilizes the complementary advantages of the biogas slurry stock solution and the chemical fertilizer, and solves the problems of ecological digestion of the biogas slurry, resource utilization of agricultural wastes and comprehensive green utilization. The defect of single application of biogas slurry stock solution or pure application of chemical fertilizer is obvious, compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, the method fully utilizes the complementarity of the biogas slurry stock solution and the chemical fertilizer on the influence of the physicochemical properties of the soil, overcomes the problem of insufficient supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers caused by single application of biogas slurry, and overcomes the problems of soil acidification, low utilization rate of soil nutrients and the like caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizer; the method has the advantages that the problem of high cost of single fertilizer application is solved, the quality of the wild rice shoots is improved, the physical and chemical properties and the biological properties of the soil of the wild rice shoots are improved, the content of organic matters and available nutrients (potassium content) in the soil is increased, the content of carbon and nitrogen of soil microorganisms and the amount of soil microorganisms are increased, the enzyme activity is improved, and the soil fertility and the biological activity are improved; the method meets the practical requirements of green recycling of agricultural wastes and sustainable utilization of land resources.
If a large amount of livestock and poultry manure, rice straws and biogas slurry after biogas fermentation cannot be properly treated and effectively utilized, the agricultural rural environment is greatly polluted; the invention can be butted with the existing biogas engineering with low cost, solves the problem of environmental pollution, reduces the using amount of chemical fertilizer, and solves the problems of comprehensive green utilization of agricultural waste resources and the like; is an excellent measure for fertilizing soil, and has obvious effect of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
Compared with the prior art, the biogas slurry adopted by the invention contains rich organic substances, ammonia, nitrogen, phosphorus, water-soluble potassium, water-soluble amino acid, a small amount of phosphorus isokinetic nutrient substances, cytokinin and other life active substances, and is a high-quality organic fertilizer resource. The invention utilizes the alkaline property of the biogas slurry, eliminates the adverse effects of fertilizer application on the aspects of soil acidification hardening, fertility level reduction and the like by blending and applying the biogas slurry and the fertilizer, makes up the continuous adverse effects of the independent application of the biogas slurry and the fertilizer on the soil, and exerts the advantages of replacing the fertilizer with agricultural resources and comprehensively and environmentally utilizing waste resources.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the principle of the invention, and these modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
The invention utilizes the biogas slurry stock solution to replace partial chemical fertilizer, namely a small-amount and repeated water and fertilizer integrated fertilization mode, and is applied to the water bamboo field, so that the fertilizer use amount is reduced, the problem of low utilization rate of the fertilizer for planting the water bamboo is solved, and meanwhile, the invention also has multiple beneficial effects of reducing the non-point source pollution risk caused by livestock and poultry cultivation, improving the soil fertility, improving the quality of the water bamboo and the like. The method has an important supporting function for promoting the green and comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes in China and transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture.
Example one
The embodiment of the application provides a method for planting single-cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
preparing biogas slurry stock solution: selecting breeding waste pig manure and waste rice straw as raw materials (the carbon-nitrogen ratio is within 23-28 after mixing), naturally drying farmland wastes at room temperature, crushing the farmland wastes, screening the crushed farmland wastes by using a screening device with the aperture of 1-3 mm, mixing the sieved crushed farmland wastes with livestock and poultry breeding wastes, and feeding the mixed product into an anaerobic fermentation tank; naturally fermenting for 20-25 days at 30 ℃ in an anaerobic fermentation tank, performing dry-wet separation, storing biogas slurry stock solution obtained by the dry-wet separation into a closed reservoir for later use, and conveying by using a closed transmission and distribution pipe network;
determining the application amount of the biogas slurry stock solution and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer, and applying the biogas slurry stock solution and the chemical fertilizer in a combined manner; taking the nitrogen fertilizer requirement as a reference for accounting, respectively replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement by the biogas slurry stock solution, and calculating the residual fertilizer application amount to obtain the biogas slurry stock solution usage and the fertilizer application amount when the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement is replaced; biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer with corresponding dosage are respectively applied in the basal fertilizer stage, before the transplanting of the wild rice shoots, in the jointing stage, in the tillering stage and in the wild rice shoot breeding stage when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the fertilizer requirement of the nitrogen fertilizer is replaced; applying a phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer before the transplanting of the wild rice shoots, applying a potassium fertilizer in half at the jointing stage and the tillering stage, and supplementing the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer by adopting a chemical fertilizer when the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are insufficient; synchronization of application time of biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer
And (3) selecting a biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer application mode with a good effect of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the water bamboo field in the step (2) to perform field test, so that the soil fertility level of the water bamboo field is improved, and the quality of the water bamboo is improved.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the application provides the application of the method for planting the single cropping water bamboo by using biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer in the first embodiment to the Zhejiang thoroughfare city annual abundance family farm:
the field test improvement effect of the water bamboo base of the Zhejiang thoroughfare city annual Toyobo family farm: by adopting a random block experiment design, the biogas slurry replacing fertilizer proportions are respectively 0% (conventional fertilizer treatment, NPK), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% nitrogen fertilizer application amount and one non-fertilization treatment (CK), and the total number of the treatments is 6, and each treatment is 3 times repeated.
The test is started in 7 months in 2019, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer subjected to conventional fertilization treatment is 35kg N/mu, N: P2O5:K2O is 1:0.5: 0.7. Each treatment was set to 3 replicates for a total of 18 cells, randomized block permutation. Planting 44 zizania latifolia in each cell, wherein the area of each cell is 6m by 5m to 20m2. The texture of the tested soil is red soil developed by a quaternary red soil matrix, and the organic matter content of the soil is 18.24g kg-1Total nitrogen content 1.02g kg-1Total phosphorus content 0.71g kg-1Total potassium content 15.3g kg-1120.9mg kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen-1The effective phosphorus content is 31.29mg kg-178.72mg kg of quick-acting potassium-1、pH 5.17。
The fertilizing treatment district respectively applies biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer in 3:3:2:2 times before transplanting, jointing stage, tillering stage and wild rice stem growing stage of the wild rice stem every year, and the chemical fertilizer is a compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K2O,15:15:15) and urea (46% N) as main components, and calculating the application amount of the urea and the compound fertilizer by taking the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer as a reference. Biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer to treat the part with insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer by calcium superphosphate (16% P)2O5) And potassium sulfate (34.3% K)2O) filling. The experimental biogas slurry contains 0.0893g/kg of organic matter, 0.14% of total nitrogen, 0.003% of total phosphorus, 0.12% of total potassium, 310mg/kg of sodium, 63mg/kg of calcium, 84mg/kg of magnesium, 0.046mg/kg of copper, 0.25mg/kg of zinc, 0.02mg/kg of arsenic and 8.16 of pH. The cultivation wild rice stem is a beautiful wild rice stem, and the 6 treatments are respectively as follows:
(1) CK, no fertilizer and biogas slurry stock solution is applied in the whole test period.
(2) NPK, conventional fertilization treatment, the application amount of the fertilizer is 35kg N/mu, N: P2O5:K2O＝1:0.5:0.7。
(3)25％NP1K1Z1The biogas slurry stock solution replaces 25 percent of equiequivalent nitrogen fertilizer treatment, and the part with insufficient phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is calcium superphosphate (16 percent P)2O5) And potassium sulfate (K)2O) filling.
(4)50％NP2K2Z2The biogas slurry stock solution replaces 50% of equiequivalent nitrogen fertilizer treatment, and the part with insufficient phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is calcium superphosphate (16% P)2O5) And potassium sulfate (K)2O) filling.
(5)75％NP3K3Z3The biogas slurry stock solution replaces 75 percent of equivalent nitrogen fertilizer treatment, and the part with insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is calcium superphosphate (16 percent P)2O5) And potassium sulfate (K)2O) filling.
(6)100％NP4K4Z4The biogas slurry stock solution replaces 100 percent of equiequivalent nitrogen fertilizer to be treated, and the part with insufficient phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is calcium superphosphate (16 percent P)2O5) And potassium sulfate (K)2O) filling.
In the above (1) to (6), Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 represent different dosages of biogas slurry, and N, P, K refers to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;
the results of the measurement were as follows:
(1) the influence of the biogas slurry stock solution on the physicochemical properties and nutrients of the surface soil (0-20 cm) of the zizania latifolia field by replacing the chemical fertilizer is shown in table 1. Compared with CK treatment, the biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer can improve the pH of the soil of the wild rice stem field, but the difference among treatments is not significant (P is more than 0.05). Compared with CK treatment, fertilization (whether biogas slurry is applied or not) can improve the contents of soil organic matters and total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but the difference between treatments is still not obvious. Compared with CK treatment, each fertilization treatment (whether biogas slurry is applied or not) can obviously improve the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of soil, and the improvement range is 11.0-27.0%. Compared with CK treatment, the fertilizer application can improve the effective phosphorus content of soil by 2.5-38.5%, wherein the improvement of the soil by replacing the fertilizer with biogas slurry of 75% is most remarkable (P is less than 0.05). Compared with CK treatment, the content of the quick-acting potassium in NPK treatment and 25% biogas slurry substitution fertilizer treatment are respectively reduced by 6.2% and 10.1%, and the content of the quick-acting potassium in 50% biogas slurry substitution fertilizer treatment is obviously improved by 10.8% -15.8% (P < 0.05); wherein P is an index of statistical analysis, P >0.05 represents that the difference between treatments is not significant, and P <0.05 represents that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level.
TABLE 1 influence of biogas slurry substituting chemical fertilizer on basic physicochemical properties of soil in Zizania latifolia field
(2) The influence of the biogas slurry stock solution instead of chemical fertilizers on the composition of the soil microbial community of the zizania latifolia field is shown in table 2. Compared with the conventional fertilization NPK treatment, the application of the biogas slurry can obviously improve the quantity of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and total microorganisms in the wild rice stem field (P < 0.05). Wherein, the ratio of bacteria in the soil of the wild rice stem field is the largest, the ratio of actinomycetes is the second, and the ratio of fungi is the smallest. Compared with CK treatment, the application of the fertilizer or the biogas slurry instead of the fertilizer obviously increases the proportion of bacteria and obviously reduces the proportion of actinomycetes (except NPK treatment) (P < 0.05); compared to CK treatment, the effect of applying fertilizer alone or biogas slurry instead of fertilizer on the proportion of fungi was not significant (P > 0.05). Compared with CK treatment, the fertilization (whether biogas slurry is applied or not) can improve the ratio of the quantity of soil bacteria and fungi in the wild rice stem field by 1.3-27.4%, wherein the NPK treatment has the largest improvement range, and the improvement range of each treatment of replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry is not obvious compared with CK treatment.
TABLE 2 influence of biogas slurry substituting chemical fertilizer on soil microorganism in Zizania latifolia field
(3) The influence of the biogas slurry stock solution instead of chemical fertilizer on the microbial biomass of the soil of the wild rice stem field is shown in table 3. The microorganisms are the promoters for the circulation and conversion of organic matters and nutrients in soil, and the biomass carbon and nitrogen of the soil microorganisms are very sensitive to environmental conditions and are important indexes of soil fertility. As can be seen from Table 3, the application of the chemical fertilizer or the biogas slurry instead of the chemical fertilizer can improve the content of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in the soil of the zizania latifolia field. Compared to CK treatment, NPK treated microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased by 6.3% and 10.5%, respectively, but the difference between the two treated microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was not significant (P > 0.05). Compared with CK treatment, the biogas slurry can obviously improve the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (P <0.05), wherein the content of the microbial biomass carbon is improved by 10.9-53.6%, and the content of the microbial biomass nitrogen is improved by 41.6-120.2%; the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents are improved most remarkably by replacing chemical fertilizer with > 75% biogas slurry (P < 0.05). In soil organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon is the most active part in the organic carbon although the content of the soil microbial biomass carbon is small, and the soil microbial biomass carbon participates in the processes of decomposition of organic matters in soil, formation of humus, nutrient conversion and circulation, can reflect the activity state of soil microbes to a certain extent, can quickly reflect the change of soil nutrients, and is easily influenced by conditions such as soil temperature, moisture, nutrients and the like. The soil microorganism biomass nitrogen index reflects the effectiveness of soil nitrogen, and can visually reflect the mineralization and immobilization effects of microorganisms in soil on the nitrogen. Therefore, compared with other treatments, the treatment of replacing the chemical fertilizer with the biogas slurry of more than 75 percent is more beneficial to the accumulation of soil microorganism amount and the conversion of soil nutrients.
TABLE 3 influence of biogas slurry substituting chemical fertilizer on soil microbial biomass of Zizania latifolia field
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil microorganism biomass can reflect the flora composition of microorganisms in soil. As can be seen from Table 3, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil microbial biomass of the zizania latifolia field can be remarkably reduced by applying the chemical fertilizer and the biogas slurry instead of the chemical fertilizer in a mixed manner (P < 0.05). Compared with CK treatment, the nitrogen-carbon ratio of the microbial biomass subjected to each fertilization treatment is gradually reduced along with the increase of biogas slurry application, and the reduction amplitude is 3.7% -33.3%. Research shows that when the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil microorganism is in the range of 3-6, the bacterial activity in the microorganism is higher, and when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is in the range of 7-12, the fungal activity is higher. Therefore, with the increase of the biogas slurry application amount, the community structure of the soil microorganisms of the wild rice stem field is changed to different degrees, and the trend of converting soil from fungi to bacteria is promoted. Bacteria are the main power for soil substance transformation, and a plurality of bacterial groups can increase the content of available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and improve the soil fertility. Therefore, the biogas slurry can directly bring available nutrient substances to the soil and indirectly promote the improvement of the soil fertility from the perspective of microbial metabolism.
(4) The influence of the biogas slurry stock solution instead of chemical fertilizer on the activity of the soil enzymes of the zizania latifolia field is shown in table 4. Compared with CK treatment, the activity of soil sucrase can be improved by singly applying the fertilizer, but the difference between the two treatments is not significant (P is greater than 0.05), and each treatment of applying biogas slurry instead of the fertilizer can obviously improve the activity of the soil sucrase (P is less than 0.05), the improvement range is 31.8-143.2%, wherein the improvement range is the largest when > 75% of biogas slurry is used for replacing the fertilizer. Compared with CK treatment, the single application of the chemical fertilizer or the application of the biogas slurry instead of the chemical fertilizer can obviously improve the activity of soil urease of the water bamboo field (P is less than 0.05), the improvement range is 1.3-3.4 times, and the biogas slurry can improve the activity of the soil urease of the water bamboo field, and is related to the fact that the biogas slurry contains a large amount of easily decomposed nitrogen-containing compounds, biological living bodies, soil enzymes capable of secreting urease and the like. Compared with CK treatment, the activity of the acid phosphatase of each fertilization treatment tends to increase and then decrease with the increase of the biogas slurry application amount. Compared with CK treatment, the activity of the acid phosphatase in the soil treated by NPK and 25% biogas slurry instead of the fertilizer is obviously improved (P <0.05), and the difference between the activity of the acid phosphatase in each treatment of > 50% biogas slurry instead of the fertilizer and the CK treatment is not obvious (P > 0.05). Along with the increase of the application amount of the biogas slurry, the activity of catalase in each fertilization treatment is increased. However, compared with CK treatment, the activity of NPK and 25% biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer to treat catalase is not significantly different (P >0.05), and the activity of catalase treated by > 50% biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer is significantly improved (P < 0.05).
TABLE 4 influence of biogas slurry substituting chemical fertilizer on activity of soil enzyme in Zizania latifolia field
(5) The national second-level standard limit values of copper, chromium, lead and zinc in the soil are respectively 50mg kg-1、150mg kg-1、250mg kg-1And 200mg kg-1The biogas slurry stock solution is applied to the wild rice stem field instead of chemical fertilizer, and the contents of the four heavy metal elements in the soil are not enriched (P)>0.05) or exceeds the national secondary standard limit value (table 5).
TABLE 5 influence of biogas slurry substituting chemical fertilizer on soil heavy metal content of Zizania latifolia field
(6) The effect of biogas slurry stock solution instead of chemical fertilizer on the quality of zizania latifolia is shown in table 6. Compared with CK treatment, the fertilization can improve the total sugar content of the cane shoots by 4.0-11.5%, but the total sugar content difference between treatments (whether biogas slurry is applied or not) is not obvious (P is more than 0.05). Compared with CK treatment, the single fertilizer or biogas slurry application instead of the fertilizer can obviously improve the content of crude protein of the cane shoots (P is less than 0.05), and the improvement range is 8.6-32.5%; compared with the conventional fertilization NPK treatment, the content of the crude protein of the wild rice stem treated by 25% biogas slurry instead of the chemical fertilizer is not obviously improved, the content of the crude protein of the wild rice stem treated by > 50% biogas slurry instead of the chemical fertilizer is obviously improved (P is less than 0.05), and the two treatments of replacing the chemical fertilizer by 75% biogas slurry and 100% biogas slurry are the highest. Compared with CK treatment, the biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer is applied, so that the content of cane shoot cellulose is reduced, and the reduction range is 2.3-5.8; compared with NPK treatment, the application of biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer also reduces the content of cane shoot cellulose by 0.1-3.7%, but the difference among treatments is not significant (P > 0.05). Compared with CK treatment, the single fertilizer or biogas slurry application instead of the fertilizer can obviously improve the vitamin C content of the cane shoots, and the improvement range is 17.1-34.1% (P < 0.05); compared with the conventional fertilization NPK treatment, the improvement of vitamin C of cane shoots is most remarkable when 75% biogas slurry is used for replacing fertilizer. The nitrate content of the cane shoots is increased firstly and then reduced along with the increase of the fertilizing amount by the fertilizing biogas slurry, and compared with CK treatment, the nitrate content of the cane shoots is generally increased by fertilizing, and the range is 3.5-23.8%; compared with NPK treatment, the biogas slurry replacing the chemical fertilizer can obviously reduce the content of nitrate in the wild rice stem by 7.7-18.2%, wherein the improvement of the nitrate content of the wild rice stem by replacing the chemical fertilizer with more than 75% biogas slurry is most obvious. Chlorophyll is an important index influencing the quality of the cane shoots, and the research result is as follows: the content of chlorophyll ab in the wild rice shoots is not detected when the chemical fertilizer or the biogas slurry is applied instead of the chemical fertilizer, which indicates that whether the fertilization is performed or not has no influence on the chlorophyll content of the wild rice shoots.
TABLE 6 influence of biogas slurry substituting chemical fertilizer on quality of Zizania latifolia
In conclusion, the biogas slurry is optimally treated by replacing the chemical fertilizer with 75% biogas slurry in the aspects of influences on the physicochemical and biological properties of soil and the quality of cane shoots when the biogas slurry is used for replacing the chemical fertilizer.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planting single-cropping water bamboo by using biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing biogas slurry stock solution: selecting livestock and poultry breeding waste and farmland waste as raw materials, naturally drying the farmland waste at room temperature, crushing the farmland waste, screening the crushed farmland waste by using a screening device, mixing the screened crushed farmland waste with the livestock and poultry breeding waste, and feeding a mixed product into an anaerobic fermentation tank; performing dry-wet separation after natural fermentation in an anaerobic fermentation tank at a set temperature for a set time, storing biogas slurry stock solution obtained by the dry-wet separation into a closed reservoir for later use, and conveying the biogas slurry stock solution by using a closed conveying and distributing pipe network;
step 2, determining the application amount of the biogas slurry stock solution and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer, and applying the biogas slurry stock solution and the chemical fertilizer in a combined manner;
step 2.1, taking the nitrogen fertilizer requirement as a reference for accounting, respectively replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement with the biogas slurry stock solution, and calculating the residual fertilizer application amount to obtain the biogas slurry stock solution usage and the fertilizer application amount when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement is replaced; biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer with corresponding dosage are respectively applied in the basal fertilizer stage, before the transplanting of the wild rice shoots, in the jointing stage, in the tillering stage and in the wild rice shoot breeding stage when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the fertilizer requirement of the nitrogen fertilizer is replaced;
step 2.2, applying a phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer before the transplanting of the cane shoots, applying a potash fertilizer to half in a jointing stage and a tillering stage, and supplementing the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer by adopting a chemical fertilizer when the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are insufficient;
and 3, selecting a biogas slurry stock solution and a chemical fertilizer distribution mode with good effect of improving the physicochemical property of the soil of the wild rice stem field in the step 2 to perform field test.
2. The method for planting single cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed livestock and poultry breeding waste and farmland waste in the step 1 is within 23-28.
3. The method for planting single cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the waste of livestock and poultry breeding in the step 1 is breeding waste pig manure, and the farmland waste is agricultural waste rice straw.
4. The method for planting single cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 1, the aperture of the screening device is 1-3 mm; naturally fermenting for 20-25 days in an anaerobic fermentation tank at 30 ℃.
5. The method for planting single cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 2, the fertilizer is compound fertilizer or urea.
6. The method for planting single cropping water bamboo by applying biogas slurry instead of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and 2.1, synchronizing the application time of the biogas slurry stock solution and the fertilizer.
7. The method for planting single cropping water bamboo by using biogas slurry to replace fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 2.1 is also as follows: taking the phosphate fertilizer requirement as a calculation reference, respectively replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the phosphate fertilizer requirement with the biogas slurry stock solution, and calculating the residual fertilizer application amount to obtain the biogas slurry stock solution usage and the fertilizer application amount when the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the phosphate fertilizer requirement is replaced; biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer which are used in corresponding amounts when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of phosphate fertilizer requirement is replaced are respectively applied in a basal fertilizer stage, before the water bamboo is transplanted, in a jointing stage, in a tillering stage and in a water bamboo raising stage.
8. The method for planting single cropping water bamboo by using biogas slurry to replace fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 2.1 is also as follows: taking the potassium fertilizer requirement as a check calculation standard, respectively replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the potassium fertilizer requirement with the biogas slurry stock solution, and calculating the residual fertilizer application amount to obtain the biogas slurry stock solution usage and the fertilizer application amount when the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the potassium fertilizer requirement is replaced; biogas slurry stock solution and chemical fertilizer with corresponding dosage are respectively applied in the basal fertilizer stage, before the transplanting of the water bamboo, in the jointing stage, in the tillering stage and in the water bamboo raising stage when 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of fertilizer requirement of potash fertilizer is replaced.
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