CN110922222A - Kitchen waste salt reducing device - Google Patents
Kitchen waste salt reducing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110922222A CN110922222A CN201911298461.0A CN201911298461A CN110922222A CN 110922222 A CN110922222 A CN 110922222A CN 201911298461 A CN201911298461 A CN 201911298461A CN 110922222 A CN110922222 A CN 110922222A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- kitchen waste
- bin
- feeding
- desulfurized gypsum
- sodium
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHPORCSPXIHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCC[NH+](C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PCHPORCSPXIHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006694 eating habits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000683 possible toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kitchen waste salt reducing device which is characterized by comprising a feeding bin with a feeding hole, wherein a first discharging hole at the bottom of the feeding bin is communicated with a stirring device; a plurality of sodium electrode probes are arranged in the feeding bin and the discharging bin, and each sodium electrode probe is connected with a sodium ion concentration display. The invention utilizes Ca in the desulfurized gypsum2+To exchange Na+、SO4 2‑Exchange of Cl‑The kitchen waste is separated from the brine through centrifugal action under the flocculation action of polyacrylamide, the salt content in the kitchen waste is reduced, the pretreatment is carried out, the potential salt toxicity of the kitchen waste is minimized, and the remained Ca and S are also plantedMedium nutrient elements required for growth of the plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for reducing the salt content in kitchen waste. Belongs to the field of solid waste treatment and land recycling.
Background
The organic waste land recycling has already formed an important environmental protection industry in developed countries such as Europe and America and has positive significance for promoting energy conservation and emission reduction and improving the regional ecological environment. With the improvement of the requirements on ecological environment and the development of the concept of circular economy development in China, the organic waste land recycling has formed a consensus. Domestic waste is the main organic waste of human activities, and the Ministry of housing and construction commands No. 157 Commission of municipal domestic waste management to put forward the treatment and implementation of reduction, reclamation and harmlessness of municipal domestic waste. The kitchen waste is used as important household waste and mainly comes from various organic wastes of kitchens, and in view of the dietary habits of Chinese people, the kitchen waste in China has generally high salt content and is a main obstacle factor for land utilization. The content of salt in many kitchen wastes in China is reported to be as high as 30mS/cm (measured by a water saturation extraction method, the same below), and is far higher than the highest limit value of organic waste land utilization <12mS/cm in the national standard organic matrix for greening (GB/T33891-. The main harmful substances to the land utilization in the salt content of the kitchen waste are sodium ions and chloride ions, the concentration of soluble sodium ions and chloride ions of a plurality of kitchen waste is more than 7000mg/L, and the limit standards of 'organic matrix for greening' on the land utilization of organic waste are that the soluble sodium is less than 1500mg/L and the soluble chloride is less than 1000 mg/L. Although chlorine is also a nutrient element required by plant growth, the chlorine content of soil is required to be lower than 180mg/L (water saturated leaching) in the greening planting soil; exchangeable sodium is required to be less than 120 mg/kg. The excessive sodium and chlorine contents not only can cause soil salinization and structural dispersion, but also can cause phytotoxicity. The biggest obstacle of the land utilization of the kitchen waste is high salt content, particularly the content of sodium and chlorine exceeds the standard, so that the first problem of the land utilization of the kitchen waste is to reduce the salt content, particularly the content of sodium and chlorine.
Based on the restriction of the salt content on the land utilization of the kitchen waste, the research and development of related patents are also paid attention. For example, in the treatment method for desalting and desalting kitchen waste and then recycling the kitchen waste (CN201310418533.7), salt is ionized and converted into substances such as sodium hypochlorite and the like by heating and adding an acidic medium to adjust the pH value, so that the desalting effect is achieved, wherein sodium hypochlorite can oxidize long bacteria, short bacteria and other impurities in the swill together to generate other harmless molecules, and the finally obtained natural fertilizer can be recycled. This method is theoretically possible, but practical application has drawbacks. Firstly, the process is complicated, and the heating energy consumption is severe; in addition, an acidic medium is additionally added to adjust the pH value to electrolyze the salt in the kitchen waste to form sodium hypochlorite, so that the nutrients and the physicochemical properties in the kitchen waste subjected to electrolytic treatment can be greatly changed, and the quality of various nutrients with land utilization value in the kitchen waste can be directly influenced; and the new substance for generating sodium hypochlorite has unclear influence on nutrients and physicochemical properties in the kitchen waste.
For another patent, a microbial cell system for removing salt from kitchen waste (CN109370884A) is connected to a sample cell via a microbial cell via a sample inlet pipeline and a sample outlet pipeline, and a cathode and an anode of a battery power supply are connected to a cathode and an anode of the microbial cell respectively to achieve the purpose of removing salt. The invention solves the problems that the traditional desalting device has a complex structure, no new component is introduced in the desalting process, no impurity is generated and the like. However, the cathode and the anode of the microbial battery are used for adsorbing sodium ions and chloride ions in the kitchen waste, and the kitchen waste, particularly the waste after meal with high salt content and high content of other nutrient ions, can also adsorb other nutrient ions when the electrodes adsorb the sodium ions and the chloride ions, and still has influence on the land recycling of the kitchen waste; moreover, sodium and chlorine are monovalent ions, and the electrode has relatively weak adsorption capacity, so that the practical application effect is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the kitchen waste has high salt content, and the prior desalting process has poor effect.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a kitchen waste salt reducing device which is characterized by comprising a feeding bin with a feeding hole, wherein a first discharging hole at the bottom of the feeding bin is communicated with a stirring device; a plurality of sodium electrode probes are arranged in the feeding bin and the discharging bin, and each sodium electrode probe is connected with a sodium ion concentration display.
Preferably, the sodium ion concentration display is provided with display windows corresponding to the sodium electrode probes one to one.
Preferably, the left side and the right side of the feeding bin are respectively provided with a sodium electrode probe, and the bottom of the feeding bin is uniformly provided with 3 sodium electrode probes; the top equipartition of going out the feed bin has 2 sodium electrode probes, and the bottom equipartition has 3 sodium electrode probes.
Preferably, still be connected with the desulfurization gypsum addition correction appearance between sodium electrode probe in the feeding storehouse and the sodium ion concentration display, be equipped with sodium ion concentration average value display window, kitchen garbage volume display window, desulfurization gypsum addition display window in the feeding storehouse on the desulfurization gypsum addition correction appearance respectively.
Preferably, the desulfurized gypsum bin is provided with a desulfurized gypsum feeding switch for controlling the feeding of the desulfurized gypsum; and a polyacrylamide feeding switch for controlling feeding of polyacrylamide is arranged on the polyacrylamide bin.
Preferably, the desulfurized gypsum feed switch is a quantitative switch, and the amount of the desulfurized gypsum feed switch corresponds to the amount of the desulfurized gypsum feed switch to be replaced in the kitchen waste in the feed bin when the content of sodium ions is less than 2000mg/L, namely when the content of sodium ions is less than 2000mg/L, the desulfurized gypsum feed switch is pressed for 1 time; when the content of sodium ions is 2000-3000 mg/L, switching on and off the desulfurized gypsum feeding for 2 times; when the content of sodium ions is 3000-4000 mg/L, switching on and off the feeding of the desulfurized gypsum for 3 times; when the content of sodium ions is 4000-5000 mg/L, switching on and off the feeding of the desulfurized gypsum for 3 times; when the content of sodium ions is more than 5000mg/L, the sodium ions are directly used as waste for landfill due to the fact that the sodium ions are not suitable for land utilization; the polyacrylamide feeding switch is also a quantitative switch, and the set amount is that the adding volume of polyacrylamide is 0.25% of the inner volume of the leaching solution box.
Preferably, a stirring rod is arranged in the stirring device.
Preferably, a reclaimed water pipeline switch is arranged on the reclaimed water pipeline.
Preferably, the leaching solution box is further sequentially connected with a reclaimed water storage tank, a waste water purification tank, a centrifugal bin and a discharge bin through a reclaimed water pipeline, an inlet of the waste water purification tank is connected with the upper part of the centrifugal bin, a biochar adsorption membrane is arranged at an outlet, and a pair of anion electrode and cation electrode is arranged between the inlet and the outlet.
Preferably, the kitchen waste sequentially enters the feeding bin and the stirring device, the desulfurized gypsum feeding switch and the polyacrylamide feeding switch are sequentially started, the desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide are added into the leacheate tank, and then an external tap water pipe or a water pipe switch is opened to dilute the desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide; the kitchen waste enters the stirring device from the discharge port I, the spraying port and the stirring device are opened, the desulfurized gypsum and the kitchen waste are mixed, and Na in the kitchen waste is replaced+And Cl-(ii) a Opening centrifugal device's discharge gate two, the kitchen garbage who has fully reacted with desulfurization gypsum gets into centrifugal storehouse in, kitchen garbage after the desulfurization gypsum exchange is under centrifugation and polyacrylamide's flocculation, salt solution and kitchen garbage thoroughly separate, wherein, solid kitchen garbage gets into out the feed bin, detects out the concentration of sodion in the feed bin, if up to standard, then by the three ejection of compact of discharge gate, if not up to standard, then get into feeding storehouse againRepeating the steps until the standard is reached.
The invention does not simply follow the principle that no additional components are added in the kitchen waste treatment process, but starts with the characteristics of the demand of plants on soil nutrients and beneficial elements, the kitchen waste land utilizes the main barrier factors with high sodium and chloride ion contents, and the kitchen waste pretreatment method directly adds the desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide in the kitchen waste pretreatment by using the principle that the saline-alkali soil with high sodium and chloride ion contents usually uses desulfurized gypsum and polyacrylamide which is a commonly used modifier for soil structure improvement. Utilizing Ca in desulfurized gypsum2+To exchange Na+、SO4 2-Exchange of Cl-. The kitchen waste after the salinity replacement is separated from the salt water as far as possible under the flocculation action of polyacrylamide, the Na and Cl content in the kitchen waste is reduced, and the treatment can be repeatedly carried out until the salinity content of the kitchen waste reaches the limit value requirement of land utilization. The kitchen waste is pretreated, so that potential salt toxicity of the kitchen waste is minimized, the reserved Ca and S are medium-amount nutrient elements required by plant growth, and the land utilization value of the kitchen waste can be further improved by virtue of various improvement effects of the desulfurized gypsum and polyacrylamide on the soil. The treatment method has the advantages of low energy consumption, reasonable process design, economic and feasible cost and better practical application effect.
The desulfurized gypsum used in the invention is a byproduct generated in the flue gas desulfurization process of a coal-fired power plant, is a finely divided wet crystal, and is high-grade calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO)4·2H2O). Compared with natural gypsum, the desulfurized gypsum has the characteristics of high purity, stable components, small granularity, less harmful impurities and the like, and is the gypsum with better quality. The functions of the utility model are as follows: 1) for the soil lacking S and Ca, an S source and a Ca source can be provided, and the crop yield is improved; 2) adjusting the acidity of the soil at the lower layer, reducing the content of Al3+, and leading the root system of the plant to be deeper; 3) regulating Na in soil+The salinization degree of the soil is improved; 4) for the soil with high phosphorus content, the phosphorus is fixed, the loss of the phosphorus is reduced, and the improvement is realizedWater mass; 5) can improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil and the water permeability of the soil. The invention mainly utilizes Ca of the desulfurized gypsum2+And SO4 2-For Na+And Cl-Exchange function of (a); and the loss of nutrients can be reduced in the kitchen waste disposal or land utilization process. And the other big innovation of this patent is that the volume of the desulfurization gypsum that needs to add is calculated according to the amount of salinity content in the kitchen garbage, considers the improvement effect of desulfurization gypsum itself to soil, and the addition is estimated according to the upper limit of salinity content.
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a linear organic high molecular polymer, can adsorb suspended particles in water, plays a role in bridging among the particles, enables fine particles to form larger floccules and accelerates the speed of precipitation; the polyacrylamide land utilization also has the functions of water retention, heat preservation, fertilizer retention, plant growth promotion and the like. On the one hand, the invention utilizes the flocculation of polyacrylamide to promote the kitchen waste and the replaced Na+And Cl-The brine is thoroughly separated, and meanwhile, the polyacrylamide has a structure conditioning effect on the kitchen waste, so that the land utilization value of the kitchen waste is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by using the principle that the desulfurized gypsum is used for improving the saline-alkali soil and the polyacrylamide is used for treating the wastewater and improving the soil structure, the desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide are used for the kitchen waste, so that the salt can be reduced, the potential toxicity of the salt possibly existing in the land utilization of the kitchen waste can be reduced, the side effect on the kitchen waste is small, the nutrient content in the kitchen waste can be fixed, the soil structure can be improved, the soil macroelements (calcium and sulfur) can be increased, the acid-base balance of the soil can be ensured, the soil permeability can be increased and the like, the conditioning effect of increasing the land utilization value of the kitchen waste can be achieved, and the desulfurized gypsum and polyacrylamide conditioner is a salt reducing agent and a conditioner.
2. According to the salinity of the kitchen waste, the main Na is+And Cl-By using the measured Na+The kitchen waste is divided into several grades according to the concentrationThe kitchen waste land utilization value is scientifically evaluated, whether the kitchen waste can be land utilized and reach the standard is determined, the addition amount of the desulfurized gypsum is conveniently determined, the pertinence is strong, salt is scientifically and accurately reduced, excessive addition of extra substances is avoided, and incomplete salt reduction of the kitchen waste is also prevented.
3. The desulfurization gypsum addition amount corrector calculates the amount of the desulfurization gypsum button pressed once according to the concentration of sodium ions, is convenient for practical operation and is simple and easy to implement.
4. The brine displaced by the desulfurization gypsum is purified and then reused for diluting the desulfurization gypsum, thereby increasing the reuse of the reclaimed water.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a kitchen waste salt reduction device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a desulfurization gypsum addition amount corrector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the kitchen waste desalting device provided by the invention comprises a feeding bin 1 with a feeding port 2, wherein a first discharging port 7 at the bottom of the feeding bin 1 is communicated with a stirring device 15, a spraying port 14 communicated with a leaching solution tank 12 is arranged above the stirring device 15, the leaching solution tank 12 is communicated with a desulfurized gypsum bin 8, a polyacrylamide bin 10 and an external tap water pipe 13, a second discharging port at the bottom of the stirring device 15 is communicated with a centrifugal bin 18, and a third discharging port 20 is arranged at the bottom of a discharging bin 19; a plurality of sodium electrode probes 3 are arranged in the feeding bin 1 and the discharging bin 19, and each sodium electrode probe 3 is connected with a sodium ion concentration display 4. The sodium ion concentration display 4 is provided with display windows 5 which correspond to the sodium electrode probes 3 one by one.
The left side and the right side of the feeding bin 1 are respectively provided with a sodium electrode probe 3, and the bottom of the feeding bin is uniformly provided with 3 sodium electrode probes 3; go out the top equipartition of feed bin 19 and have 2 sodium electrode probe 3, the bottom equipartition has 3 sodium electrode probe 3. And a desulfurized gypsum addition amount corrector 6 is also connected between the sodium electrode probe 3 and the sodium ion concentration display 6 in the feeding bin 1, and the desulfurized gypsum addition amount corrector 6 is respectively provided with a sodium ion concentration average value display window 6-1 in the feeding bin, a kitchen waste volume display window 6-2 in the feeding bin and a desulfurized gypsum addition amount display window 6-3.
The desulfurized gypsum bin 8 is provided with a desulfurized gypsum feeding switch 9 for controlling the feeding of the desulfurized gypsum; the polyacrylamide bin 10 is provided with a polyacrylamide feeding switch 11 for controlling feeding of polyacrylamide. The desulfurized gypsum feed switch 9 is a quantitative switch, and the amount of the desulfurized gypsum corresponds to the amount of the desulfurized gypsum to be replaced in the kitchen waste in the feed bin 1 when the content of sodium ions is less than 2000mg/L, namely when the content of sodium ions is less than 2000mg/L, the desulfurized gypsum feed switch 9 is pressed for 1 time; when the content of sodium ions is 2000-3000 mg/L, a desulfurized gypsum feeding switch 9 is pressed for 2 times; when the content of sodium ions is 3000-4000 mg/L, a desulfurized gypsum feed switch 9 is pressed for 3 times; when the content of sodium ions is 4000-5000 mg/L, a desulfurized gypsum feed switch 9 is pressed for 3 times; when the content of sodium ions is more than 5000mg/L, the sodium ions are directly used as waste for landfill due to the fact that the sodium ions are not suitable for land utilization; the polyacrylamide feed switch 11 is also a quantitative switch, and the amount set is such that the volume of polyacrylamide added is 0.25% of the volume of the interior of the wash liquor tank 12.
A stirring rod 16 is arranged in the stirring device 15.
The reclaimed water pipeline 26 is provided with a reclaimed water pipeline switch 27.
The volume scale is arranged outside the feeding bin 1, and the volume V of the kitchen waste can be read1Unit m of3。
The desulfurization gypsum addition amount corrector 6 is provided with three buttons, and a sodium ion concentration average value display window 6-1 in the leftmost feeding bin shows a sodium ion concentration average value C measured by 5 sodium electrode probes in the feeding binNa+In mg/L; the kitchen waste volume display window 6-2 in the middle feeding bin displays the volume V of the kitchen waste in the feeding bin1Unit m of3(ii) a And the rightmost side is a desulfurized gypsum addition amount display window 6-3. The addition amount of the desulfurized gypsum is not estimated according to the mass or volume of the desulfurized gypsum which is added according to specific needs, and the conversion is completed by utilizing a self-contained computer program so as to obtain the desulfurized gypsum volume V of every time the desulfurized gypsum feed switch 9 is pressed2As a constant unit of measureAnd estimation is convenient to apply in actual operation, and the workload of manual conversion is reduced. When the sodium ions in the kitchen waste are used>At 5000mg/L, land utilization is generally not recommended and the waste is directly used as a waste landfill.
The desulfurized gypsum bin 8 is used for storing desulfurized gypsum in advance, wherein the desulfurized gypsum feed switch 9 is used for converting the amount V of the desulfurized gypsum to be added according to the content of sodium ions2The content of sodium ions can be replaced by pressing each time<2000mg/L of kitchen waste with a feeding bin 1 full of bins. Wherein V2The calculation format of (1) is: v2＝0.5×[CNa+×V1×1000÷58.44×172]÷T1÷T2Wherein T is1Representing the water conversion coefficient of the desulfurized gypsum; t is2Represents the content of calcium sulfate in the desulfurized gypsum. C is to beNa+Is arranged as<2000mg/L, 2000-300 mg/L, 3000-4000 mg/L, 4000-5000 mg/L and>5000mg/L five-grade. Considering that the desulfurized gypsum is beneficial to soil improvement, the sodium ion content of different sections is calculated by taking the highest value:<2000mg/L, according to a one-time desulfurized gypsum feed switch 9, namely V2(ii) a 2000-3000 mg/L, 2 times of desulfurized gypsum feeding switch 9, namely 2V2(ii) a 3000-4000 mg/L, and 3 times of desulfurized gypsum feeding switch 9, namely 3V2(ii) a 4000-5000 mg/L, and switching on and off 9 according to 4 times of desulfurized gypsum, namely 4V2；>5000mg/L generally does not suggest land use and is directly landfilled as waste.
The above-mentioned conversion is desulfurized gypsum addition amount calibrator 6, then, when the average content of sodium of the kitchen waste measured by sodium ion electrode 3 in the feeding bin 1 is less than 2000mg/kg, press desulfurized gypsum feed switch 9 once; when the average sodium content of the kitchen waste is measured to be 2000-300 mg/kg, switching on and off a desulfurized gypsum feeding switch 9 for 2 times; when the average sodium content of the kitchen waste is measured to be 3000-4000 mg/kg, feeding a switch 9 according to 3 times of desulfurized gypsum; when the average sodium content of the kitchen waste is measured to be 4000-5000 mg/kg, feeding a switch 9 according to the desulfurized gypsum for 4 times; when the average content of sodium in the measured kitchen waste is more than 5000mg/kg, the kitchen waste is recommended to be directly landfilled as waste due to the fact that the content of sodium ions in the kitchen waste is too high, and the necessity of land utilization and disposal is avoided.
The polyacrylamide bin 10 is used for storing polyacrylamide, and the amount of the polyacrylamide feeding switch 11 is about 0.25% of the volume concentration of the leaching solution box 12 after being pressed once. The amount is controlled mainly to enhance the flocculation of the kitchen waste and to separate the brine from the replaced kitchen waste as much as possible. The amount of polyacrylamide in the polyacrylamide feed switch 11 per press is 1000X 0.25%. times.VLeaching liquid box。
When the kitchen waste enters the feeding bin 1, the sodium ion concentration is obtained, and the amount of the desulfurized gypsum required to be added is obtained from the sulfur gypsum addition amount corrector 6, the desulfurized gypsum feeding switch 9 and the polyacrylamide feeding switch 11 are started in sequence, the desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide are added into the leaching solution tank 12, and then the diluted desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide are diluted by water. The first water can be externally connected with a tap water pipe 13, the subsequent water can be the brine exchanged by the leacheate, the purified reclaimed water can be reused, and when water needs to be fed, a reclaimed water pipe switch 27 is started.
When the kitchen waste enters the stirring device 15 from the first discharge hole 7, the spraying hole 14 and the stirring rod 16 are opened, the desulfurized gypsum containing different concentrations is fully exchanged with the kitchen waste to replace Na in the kitchen waste+And Cl-The stirring time can be empirically accumulated, and is generally at least 5 minutes or more.
And opening a second discharge port 17 of the centrifugal device 15, allowing the kitchen waste which is fully exchanged with the desulfurized gypsum to enter a centrifugal bin 18, and completely separating the salt water from the kitchen waste under the centrifugal action and the flocculation action of polyacrylamide. Wherein, the dry matter-kitchen waste enters a discharge bin 19, the average value of 5 sodium ion electrodes of the discharge bin 19 is less than 1500mg/L, the salt content of the kitchen waste is considered to reach the standard of land utilization, and the kitchen waste directly enters the subsequent treatment of the land utilization of the kitchen waste through a discharge port III 20. If the content of sodium ions in the discharging bin 19 measured by the sodium ion concentration display 4 is more than 1500mg/L, the content of sodium ions in the kitchen waste still exceeds the standard, the kitchen waste discharged from the discharging port III 20 needs to enter the feeding bin 1 again and then enter the stirring device 15, and is stirred with the desulfurized gypsum until the content of sodium ions in the kitchen waste discharged from the discharging bin is less than 1500mg/L, so that the kitchen waste can be used for post-treatment of land utilization.
The salt water separated from the centrifugal bin 18 enters a wastewater purification tank 21, and an anion electrode 23 on the salt water can adsorb Na in the wastewater+And the lower cation electrode 22 can adsorb Cl in the wastewater-. Na in wastewater+And Cl-After being adsorbed by the cathode and the anode respectively, the brine is further purified by the biochar adsorption film 24 finally to reach the discharge standard of reclaimed water. In order to improve the utilization rate of the reclaimed water, the reclaimed water can be stored in the reclaimed water storage tank 25 for waiting to be reused. Normally, when the reclaimed water pipeline switch 27 is opened, reclaimed water enters the leaching solution tank 12 through the pipeline 26 and is stirred and mixed with the desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide to form leaching solution for leaching the kitchen waste for later use. The reclaimed water in the reclaimed water storage tank 25 can also be used for other forms of reclaimed water reuse.
Example 1
The method is characterized in that the kitchen waste in a certain community needs to be reused in land, but the salt content exceeds the standard, and the salt reduction treatment is needed, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
the kitchen waste enters the feeding bin 1 from the feeding hole 2, a row of buttons on the sodium ion concentration display 4 are respectively opened, and the sodium ion readings of the 5 sodium electrode probes 3 in the corresponding feeding bin 1 are respectively 3189mg/L, 3467mg/L, 3281mg/L, 2974mg/L and 3056 mg/L. The sodium ion concentration average value display window 6-1 in the leftmost feeding bin of the desulfurization gypsum addition amount corrector 6 displays the sodium ion concentration average value C measured by 5 sodium electrode probes in the feeding bin 1Na+3193 mg/L; kitchen waste volume display window 6-2 in feeding bin displays V1＝3.5m3(ii) a Displaying volume V of kitchen waste in feeding bin1Unit m of3(ii) a The rightmost desulfurized gypsum addition amount display window 6-3 shows the number 2.
According to the desulfurization gypsum addition display window 6-3, the desulfurization gypsum estimated by a computer enters the leaching solution box 12 from the desulfurization gypsum bin 8 according to the desulfurization gypsum feeding switch 9 for 2 times; the polyacrylamide button is pressed 111 times to bring the polyacrylamide from the polyacrylamide bin 10 into the rinse solution tank 12. And opening a reclaimed water pipeline switch 27 to pour reclaimed water into the leaching solution box 12, and fully stirring and diluting the desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide for later use.
As the sodium ion concentration average value display window 6-1 in the feeding bin displays C of the kitchen waste in the feeding binNa+3193mg/L, the kitchen waste can be used in land, so start discharge gate 7, when getting into agitating unit 15 with kitchen waste, open the spraying mouth 14 and the stirring rod 16 of leacheate, carry out abundant exchange with desulfurization gypsum leacheate and kitchen waste, stir more than 5 minutes. And opening a second discharge port 17 of the centrifugal device 15, and feeding the treated kitchen waste into a centrifugal bin 18. Wherein, dry matters of the kitchen waste enter the discharging bin 19, 5 sodium ion content measuring buttons of the discharging bin 19 next to the sodium ion concentration display 4 are started, and the sodium ion content respectively displayed is 221mg/L, 223mg/L, 211mg/L, 206mg/L and 198 mg/L; the average content of sodium ions is 212mg/L, which is far less than the sodium ion content required by organic waste land utilization<The limit value of 1500mg/L, the goal of reducing salt is achieved. And opening a third discharge hole 20, and reducing the well-treated kitchen waste for subsequent treatment of aerobic composting.
The salt water separated out by the centrifugal bin weight 18 enters a wastewater purification tank 21, and Cl is respectively adsorbed by a cation electrode 22 and an anion electrode 23-And Na+And further purification of the biochar adsorption membrane 24 to ensure that the brine meets the discharge standard of reclaimed water, is stored and is waited for reuse in a reclaimed water storage tank 25 or used for other purposes.
Claims (10)
1. A kitchen waste salt reducing device is characterized by comprising a feeding bin (1) with a feeding port (2), wherein a first discharging port (7) at the bottom of the feeding bin (1) is communicated with a stirring device (15), a spraying port (14) communicated with a leaching solution box (12) is arranged above the stirring device (15), the leaching solution box (12) is communicated with a desulfurized gypsum bin (8), a polyacrylamide bin (10) and an external tap water pipe (13), a second discharging port at the bottom of the stirring device (15) is communicated with a centrifugal bin (18), and a third discharging port (20) is arranged at the bottom of a discharging bin (19); a plurality of sodium electrode probes (3) are arranged in the feeding bin (1) and the discharging bin (19), and each sodium electrode probe (3) is connected with a sodium ion concentration display (4).
2. The kitchen waste salt reducing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sodium ion concentration display (4) is provided with display windows (5) corresponding to the sodium electrode probes (3) one by one.
3. The kitchen waste salt reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the left side and the right side of the feeding bin (1) are respectively provided with a sodium electrode probe (3), and the bottom of the feeding bin is uniformly provided with 3 sodium electrode probes (3); go out the top equipartition of feed bin (19) and have 2 sodium electrode probe (3), the bottom equipartition has 3 sodium electrode probe (3).
4. The kitchen waste salt reducing device according to claim 1, wherein a desulfurized gypsum addition amount corrector (6) is further connected between the sodium electrode probe (3) and the sodium ion concentration display (6) in the feeding bin (1), and the desulfurized gypsum addition amount corrector (6) is respectively provided with a sodium ion concentration average value display window (6-1) in the feeding bin, a kitchen waste volume display window (6-2) in the feeding bin, and a desulfurized gypsum addition amount display window (6-3).
5. The kitchen waste salt reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that the desulfurized gypsum bin (8) is provided with a desulfurized gypsum feed switch (9) for controlling the feeding of desulfurized gypsum; the polyacrylamide bin (10) is provided with a polyacrylamide feeding switch (11) for controlling feeding of polyacrylamide.
6. The kitchen waste salt reduction device according to claim 5, wherein the desulfurized gypsum feed switch (9) is a quantitative switch, and the amount of the desulfurized gypsum is set to correspond to the amount of the kitchen waste in the feed bin (1) with which the sodium ion content to be replaced is less than 2000mg/L, namely, when the sodium ion content is less than 2000mg/L, the desulfurized gypsum feed switch (9) is pressed for 1 time; when the content of sodium ions is 2000-3000 mg/L, a desulfurized gypsum feeding switch (9) is pressed for 2 times; when the content of sodium ions is 3000-4000 mg/L, a desulfurized gypsum feeding switch (9) is switched on and off for 3 times; when the content of sodium ions is 4000-5000 mg/L, switching on and off the desulfurized gypsum feeding switch (9) for 3 times; when the content of sodium ions is more than 5000mg/L, the sodium ions are directly used as waste for landfill due to the fact that the sodium ions are not suitable for land utilization; the polyacrylamide feeding switch (11) is also a quantitative switch, and the set amount is that the adding volume of polyacrylamide is 0.25 percent of the inner volume of the leaching solution box (12).
7. The kitchen waste salt reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that a stirring rod (16) is arranged in the stirring device (15).
8. The kitchen waste salt reducing device according to claim 1, characterized in that a reclaimed water pipeline switch (27) is arranged on the reclaimed water pipeline (26).
9. The kitchen waste salt reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the rinsing liquid tank (12) is further connected with a reclaimed water storage tank (25), a waste water purification tank (21), a centrifugal bin (18) and a discharge bin (19) in sequence through a reclaimed water pipeline (26), an inlet of the waste water purification tank (21) is connected with the upper part of the centrifugal bin (18), an outlet is provided with a biochar adsorption membrane (24), and a pair of anion electrode (23) and cation electrode (22) is arranged between the inlet and the outlet.
10. The kitchen waste salt reduction device according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the kitchen waste sequentially enters the feeding bin (1) and the stirring device (15), the desulfurized gypsum feeding switch (9) and the polyacrylamide feeding switch (11) are sequentially turned on, the desulfurized gypsum and the polyacrylamide are added into the rinsing liquid tank (12), and then an external tap water pipe (13) or a middle water pipe switch (27) is turned on to dilute the kitchen waste; the kitchen waste enters the stirring device (15) from the first discharge hole (7), the spraying hole (14) and the stirring device (15) are opened, the desulfurized gypsum and the kitchen waste are mixed, and Na in the kitchen waste is replaced+And Cl-(ii) a Opening a second discharge port (17) of the centrifugal device (15), allowing the kitchen waste which has fully reacted with the desulfurization gypsum to enter a centrifugal bin (18), and allowing the kitchen waste after the desulfurization gypsum exchange to thoroughly mix with the salt water and the kitchen waste under the centrifugal action and the flocculation action of polyacrylamideAnd (3) bottom separation, wherein the solid kitchen waste enters a discharge bin (19), the concentration of sodium ions in the discharge bin (19) is detected, if the concentration reaches the standard, the solid kitchen waste is discharged through a discharge port III (20), and if the concentration does not reach the standard, the solid kitchen waste enters a feeding bin (1) again and the steps are repeated until the concentration reaches the standard.
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