CN110862913A - System and method for recycling vegetable garbage - Google Patents

System and method for recycling vegetable garbage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110862913A
CN110862913A CN201911350534.6A CN201911350534A CN110862913A CN 110862913 A CN110862913 A CN 110862913A CN 201911350534 A CN201911350534 A CN 201911350534A CN 110862913 A CN110862913 A CN 110862913A
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solid
straw
tank
vegetable
biogas
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朱海瀛
吴蒙
黄维
李骞
杨莎莎
田亚军
伍秀群
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Tiancheng Environment Protection Technology Co Ltd Zhonggang Group
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Tiancheng Environment Protection Technology Co Ltd Zhonggang Group
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Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for recycling vegetable garbage. The method comprises the following steps: the crushing beater is used for crushing and beating the vegetable garbage; the straw crusher is used for crushing the straws to obtain straw powder; the outlet of the crushing beater and the outlet of the straw crusher are connected with a feed opening of the tempering tank; the anaerobic tank is used for anaerobic fermentation treatment; the solid-liquid separator is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry; a feed pump is arranged between the tempering tank and the anaerobic tank, and a discharge pump is arranged between the anaerobic tank and the solid-liquid separator; the conditioning tank, the feeding pump, the anaerobic tank, the discharging pump and the solid-liquid separator are sequentially connected in series; the solid phase outlet of the solid-liquid separator is connected with the composting device, and the liquid phase outlet of the solid-liquid separator is connected with the tempering tank. The invention realizes the effective treatment and resource utilization of the vegetable garbage with high water content, especially the vegetable garbage with the water content of 90-95%, can produce biomass energy biogas and organic fertilizer, has high resource utilization rate, large biogas capacity, no wastewater discharge and no secondary pollution.

Description

System and method for recycling vegetable garbage
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage recycling treatment, and particularly relates to a system and a method for recycling vegetable garbage.
Background
China is a big vegetable production country, and statistics shows that the annual yield of vegetables in China reaches more than 8 hundred million tons, and the yield is the first in the world for many years. The vegetable yield is increased continuously, and the total amount of the wastes, namely the vegetable garbage, is increased, and accounts for 35-50% of the total vegetable yield. The vegetable garbage is also called tail vegetable, and refers to the residual and old vegetable leaves which must be removed when the vegetables are harvested, processed, transported and sold, and the vegetables which have frostbite, crush injury and crushing injury in different degrees. Vegetable wastes are various in types, including vegetable leaves, seedlings, stems, roots, fallen fruits and the like, wherein the ratio of leaves to seedlings is large.
The water content of the vegetable garbage is high, generally 80% -95%, the water content of the leaves and the seedlings with large proportion is generally 90% -95%, dry substances are few, the vegetable garbage is easy to decay and deteriorate, and the vegetable garbage is discarded or stacked at will and is easy to generate malodorous gas and rotten liquid, so that mosquitoes and flies are bred, bacteria are spread, the pollution to fields and gardens, the pollution to water and soil are caused, and the environmental sanitation and the human health are influenced.
The invention patent with the patent application number of 201410749349.5 discloses a method for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of vegetable straws with high lignocellulose content, wherein the method is only suitable for the vegetable straws with the water content lower than 76 percent by adding a specific catalyst, pig/cow dung and sludge inoculum to ensure that the vegetable straws with the high lignocellulose content anaerobically produce the biogas, and the method is complicated in treatment and increased in cost due to the addition of a chemical catalyst and the dung and simultaneously produces a certain amount of biogas slurry. The invention patent with the patent application number of 201611220575.X discloses a light movable vegetable waste anaerobic dry fermentation system and an anaerobic fermentation method utilizing the system, wherein specific anaerobic dry fermentation is carried out by adding high-solid straw mixed vegetable waste, biogas residues are directly composted, biogas slurry is not generated, but the method is only suitable for the vegetable waste with the water content of less than 88 percent and is only suitable for small-scale application due to mobility.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for recycling vegetable garbage, aiming at realizing the effective treatment and recycling of the vegetable garbage with high water content, especially the vegetable garbage with the water content of 90-95%, and producing biomass energy biogas and organic fertilizer, and having the advantages of high recycling utilization rate, large biogas capacity, no wastewater discharge and no secondary pollution.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for recycling vegetable waste, comprising:
the crushing beater is used for crushing and beating the vegetable garbage to obtain vegetable garbage slurry;
the straw crusher is used for crushing the straws to obtain straw powder;
the outlet of the crushing beater and the outlet of the straw crusher are connected with a feed opening of the tempering tank;
the anaerobic tank is used for anaerobic fermentation treatment to obtain methane and fermentation liquor;
the solid-liquid separator is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
a feed pump is arranged between the tempering tank and the anaerobic tank, and a discharge pump is arranged between the anaerobic tank and the solid-liquid separator;
the conditioning tank, the feeding pump, the anaerobic tank, the discharging pump and the solid-liquid separator are sequentially connected in series;
the solid-phase outlet of the solid-liquid separator is connected with the composting device, and the liquid-phase outlet of the solid-liquid separator is connected with the tempering tank;
the tempering tank is used for carrying out tempering treatment on the vegetable waste slurry, the straw powder, the microbial inoculum and the fermented biogas slurry in the tempering tank to obtain a tempered mixture.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the outlet of the straw pulverizer is also connected with a composting device.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the center of the hardening and tempering tank is provided with a vertical stirrer, and the bottom of the hardening and tempering tank is provided with a sand collecting pit and an outward sand discharging and conveying device.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the anaerobic tank is a full-mixing type steel reactor, and the reactor is provided with a stirrer, a heating hot water coil pipe and a heat insulation layer.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the composting device is provided with a blast aeration facility and a mechanical turning facility.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for recycling vegetable garbage is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: the vegetable garbage is crushed and pulped by a crushing and pulping machine to obtain vegetable garbage slurry, and straws are crushed by a straw crusher to obtain straw powder; the vegetable garbage is crushed and pulped to be in a slurry state, and the particle size of crushed powder of the crushed straw is less than or equal to 1 cm;
(2) mixing and tempering: carrying out conditioning treatment on the vegetable waste slurry, the straw powder, the microbial inoculum and the fermented biogas slurry in a conditioning tank to obtain a conditioned mixture; the solid content of the quenched and tempered mixture is 5-10%, and the retention time of the materials in the mixing and tempering stage is 1-2 days;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: anaerobic fermentation treatment is carried out on the conditioned mixture in an anaerobic tank to obtain methane and fermentation liquor;
(4) solid-liquid separation: performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor by using a solid-liquid separator to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry, wherein the biogas slurry is used for mixing and tempering;
(5) composting treatment: and the composting device performs mixed composting treatment on the biogas residues and the straw powder.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the pretreatment step, the solid content of the vegetable garbage is 4-15%, the straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw and rice straw, and the solid content of the straw is 40-70%.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the microbial inoculum comprises: acetobacter, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes; the total number of effective viable bacteria in the microbial inoculum is 2-10 multiplied by 107cfu/ml, wherein the ratio of the added mass of the microbial inoculum to the total mass of the vegetable waste dry basis and the straw dry basis is 5-10: 1000.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the anaerobic fermentation reaction temperature is 35 ℃, and the material retention time is 22-28 days.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the water content of the mixed biogas residues and straw powder is 50-60% in the composting process, and the composting period is 25-30 days.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: (1) the method can realize effective treatment and resource utilization of the vegetable garbage with high water content, particularly the vegetable garbage with the water content of 90-95%, can generate biomass energy biogas and organic fertilizer, has high resource utilization rate, and realizes the concepts of organic planting and green environmental protection; (2) the addition of the straw with high solid content and high organic matter content avoids the limitation of anaerobic fermentation and composting of vegetable garbage as a single raw material, can obviously reduce the water content of a reaction mixture and increase organic load, thereby improving the anaerobic gas production efficiency and increasing the biogas capacity; (3) the microbial inoculum and biogas slurry are combined to carry out conditioning treatment by reflux soaking, so that anaerobic and facultative microorganisms in the materials can be rapidly increased, solid structural polysaccharide macromolecular substances in the materials can be converted into soluble and easily soluble micromolecular organic matters through the biochemical hydrolysis action of the microorganisms, convenient conditions are provided for subsequent anaerobic reaction, namely the degradation rate of cellulose and hemicellulose in vegetable garbage and straws and the overall degradation rate of organic matters are improved, the biogas capacity is increased, and the reaction time of subsequent anaerobic fermentation can be remarkably shortened by short-time mixed conditioning treatment; (4) the biogas residues are prepared into the organic fertilizer, the biogas slurry is completely recycled, no wastewater is discharged, and no secondary pollution is caused.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system for recycling vegetable waste according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process flow chart of the method for recycling vegetable waste provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments of the specification, and it should be understood that the embodiments and specific features of the embodiments of the present invention are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limitations of the technical solutions of the present application, and the technical features of the embodiments and examples of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The utility model provides a system for resourceful treatment utilizes vegetable waste, includes broken beating machine, straw rubbing crusher, quenching and tempering pond, charge pump, anaerobic jar, discharge pump, solid-liquid separation machine, composting device, broken beating machine export, straw rubbing crusher exit linkage quenching and tempering pond feed opening, quenching and tempering pond, charge pump, anaerobic jar, discharge pump, solid-liquid separation machine establish ties in proper order, solid-liquid separation machine solid phase export is connected with the composting device, and solid-liquid separation machine liquid phase export is connected with quenching and tempering pond.
The outlet of the straw pulverizer is also connected with a composting device.
The center of the conditioning pool is provided with a vertical stirrer, and the bottom of the conditioning pool is provided with a sand collecting pit and an outer sand discharging and conveying device for removing soil and sand carried by vegetable garbage and straws and preventing the accumulation of the soil and the sand in the conditioning pool and a subsequent anaerobic tank.
The anaerobic tank is a full-mixing type steel reactor, and the reactor is provided with a stirrer, a heating hot water coil pipe and a heat insulation layer.
The composting device is provided with a blast aeration facility and a mechanical turning facility.
A method for recycling vegetable garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: the vegetable garbage is crushed and pulped by a crushing and pulping machine to obtain vegetable garbage slurry, and straws are crushed by a straw crusher to obtain straw powder;
(2) mixing and tempering: carrying out conditioning treatment on the vegetable waste slurry, the straw powder, the microbial inoculum and the fermented biogas slurry in a conditioning tank to obtain a conditioned mixture;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: anaerobic fermentation treatment is carried out on the conditioned mixture in an anaerobic tank to obtain methane and fermentation liquor;
(4) solid-liquid separation: performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor by using a solid-liquid separator to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry, wherein the biogas slurry is used for mixing and tempering;
(5) composting treatment: and the composting device performs mixed composting treatment on the biogas residues and the straw powder.
In the pretreatment, the solid content of the vegetable waste is 4-15%, the straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw and rice straw, and the solid content of the straw is 40-70%.
The vegetable garbage is crushed and pulped to be in a slurry state, and the particle size of crushed powder of the crushed straw is less than or equal to 1 cm.
The solid content of the quenched and tempered mixture is 5% -10%, and the retention time of the materials in the mixing and tempering stage is 1-2 days.
The microbial inoculum comprises: acetobacter, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes; the total number of effective viable bacteria in the microbial inoculum is 2-10 multiplied by 107cfu/ml, wherein the ratio of the added mass of the microbial inoculum to the total mass of the vegetable waste dry basis and the straw dry basis is 5-10: 1000.
The anaerobic fermentation reaction temperature is 35 ℃, and the material retention time is 22-28 days.
The water content of the biogas residue after the solid-liquid separation of the fermentation liquor is 70-75%.
In the composting process, the water content of the mixed biogas residues and straw powder is 50-60%, and the composting period is 25-30 days.
In the composting process, blast aeration and mechanical turning are periodically carried out, so as to provide oxygen for the composting process and promote the evaporation of water.
The biogas generated by the anaerobic tank fermentation treatment can be used for resident gas or combustion power generation.
The organic fertilizer produced by the composting device can be used for planting and fertilizing fruits and vegetables, and organic planting and ecological cycle are realized.
And the sand and stones discharged by the sand discharge and conveying device in the conditioning pond are collected and then periodically cleaned and transported.
The first embodiment is as follows: the water content of the collected vegetable garbage is 93% -95%, and then the vegetable garbage is crushed and pulped to form slurry; crushing wheat straws with the water content of 35-45% into powder less than or equal to 1 cm; mixing vegetable waste slurry, wheat straw powder and biogas slurry subjected to anaerobic fermentation in a conditioning tank until the solid content is 5-8%, and adding a microbial inoculum (the microbial inoculum comprises bacillus aceticus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, and the total number of effective viable bacteria in the microbial inoculum is 2-7 multiplied by 107cfu/ml), wherein the ratio of the added mass of the microbial inoculum to the total mass of the dry basis of the vegetable garbage and the dry basis of the straws is 5-7: 1000; and (5) keeping the mixed mixture for 1.5 days for tempering. And (3) performing anaerobic fermentation on the mixed and tempered mixture at the fermentation temperature of 35 ℃ for 23 days. The methane produced by anaerobic fermentation is used as energy. And (3) after solid-liquid separation, the water content of biogas residues of the anaerobic fermentation liquor is 73-75%, the water content of biogas residues is 55-60% after the biogas residues are mixed with wheat straw powder, composting treatment is carried out after mixing, blast aeration and mechanical turning are carried out regularly, the period of the composting treatment is 30 days, and finally the organic fertilizer is prepared.
Example two: the water content of the collected vegetable garbage is 85% -90%, and then the vegetable garbage is crushed and pulped to form slurry; crushing corn straws with the water content of 40-55% into powder less than or equal to 1 cm; mixing vegetable waste slurry, corn straw powder and biogas slurry subjected to anaerobic fermentation in a conditioning tank until the solid content is 8-10%, and adding a microbial inoculum (the microbial inoculum comprises bacillus aceticus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, and the total number of effective viable bacteria in the microbial inoculum is 5-10 multiplied by 10)7cfu/ml), wherein the ratio of the added mass of the microbial inoculum to the total mass of the dry basis of the vegetable garbage and the dry basis of the straws is 7-10: 1000; and (5) keeping the mixed mixture for 2 days for tempering. And (3) performing anaerobic fermentation on the mixed and tempered mixture at the fermentation temperature of 35 ℃ for 25 days. Biogas produced by anaerobic fermentationCan be used as energy source. And (3) after solid-liquid separation, the water content of biogas residues of the anaerobic fermentation liquor is 70-73%, the water content of biogas residues is 50-55% after the biogas residues are mixed with corn straw powder, composting treatment is carried out after mixing, blast aeration and mechanical turning are carried out regularly, the period of the composting treatment is 27 days, and finally the organic fertilizer is prepared.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A system for recycling vegetable waste is characterized by comprising:
the crushing beater is used for crushing and beating the vegetable garbage to obtain vegetable garbage slurry;
the straw crusher is used for crushing the straws to obtain straw powder;
the outlet of the crushing beater and the outlet of the straw crusher are connected with a feed opening of the tempering tank;
the anaerobic tank is used for anaerobic fermentation treatment to obtain methane and fermentation liquor;
the solid-liquid separator is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
a feed pump is arranged between the tempering tank and the anaerobic tank, and a discharge pump is arranged between the anaerobic tank and the solid-liquid separator;
the conditioning tank, the feeding pump, the anaerobic tank, the discharging pump and the solid-liquid separator are sequentially connected in series;
the solid-phase outlet of the solid-liquid separator is connected with the composting device, and the liquid-phase outlet of the solid-liquid separator is connected with the tempering tank;
the tempering tank is used for carrying out tempering treatment on the vegetable waste slurry, the straw powder, the microbial inoculum and the fermented biogas slurry in the tempering tank to obtain a tempered mixture.
2. The system for recycling vegetable waste according to claim 1, wherein the straw shredder outlet is further connected to a composting device.
3. The system for recycling vegetable garbage according to claim 1, wherein the center of the tempering tank is provided with a vertical stirrer, and the bottom of the tempering tank is provided with a sand collecting pit and an external sand conveying device.
4. The system for recycling vegetable garbage according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic tank is a fully mixed steel reactor, and the reactor is provided with a stirrer, a heating hot water coil pipe and a heat insulation layer.
5. A system for recycling vegetable waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composting apparatus is provided with a blast aeration facility and a mechanical turning facility.
6. A method for recycling vegetable waste using the system of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
(1) pretreatment: the vegetable garbage is crushed and pulped by a crushing and pulping machine to obtain vegetable garbage slurry, and straws are crushed by a straw crusher to obtain straw powder; the vegetable garbage is crushed and pulped to be in a slurry state, and the particle size of crushed powder of the crushed straw is less than or equal to 1 cm;
(2) mixing and tempering: carrying out conditioning treatment on the vegetable waste slurry, the straw powder, the microbial inoculum and the fermented biogas slurry in a conditioning tank to obtain a conditioned mixture; the solid content of the quenched and tempered mixture is 5-10%, and the retention time of the materials in the mixing and tempering stage is 1-2 days;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: anaerobic fermentation treatment is carried out on the conditioned mixture in an anaerobic tank to obtain methane and fermentation liquor;
(4) solid-liquid separation: performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor by using a solid-liquid separator to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry, wherein the biogas slurry is used for mixing and tempering;
(5) composting treatment: and the composting device performs mixed composting treatment on the biogas residues and the straw powder.
7. The system for recycling vegetable garbage according to claim 6, wherein in the pretreatment step, the solid content of the vegetable garbage is 4% -15%, the straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw and rice straw, and the solid content of the straw is 40% -70%.
8. The system for recycling vegetable waste according to claim 6, wherein the microbial inoculum comprises: acetobacter, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes; the total number of effective viable bacteria in the microbial inoculum is 2-10 multiplied by 107cfu/ml, wherein the ratio of the added mass of the microbial inoculum to the total mass of the vegetable waste dry basis and the straw dry basis is 5-10: 1000.
9. The system for recycling vegetable garbage according to claim 6, wherein the anaerobic fermentation reaction temperature is 35 ℃, and the material retention time is 22-28 days.
10. The system for recycling vegetable waste according to claim 6, wherein the water content of the mixed biogas residue and straw powder is 50-60% in the composting process, and the composting period is 25-30 days.
CN201911350534.6A 2019-12-24 2019-12-24 System and method for recycling vegetable garbage Pending CN110862913A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113215202A (en) * 2021-06-10 2021-08-06 深高蓝德环保科技集团股份有限公司 Kitchen waste and straw powder combined anaerobic fermentation method and device
CN113788730A (en) * 2021-11-08 2021-12-14 四川泸天化创新研究院有限公司 Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by using fruit and vegetable garbage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113215202A (en) * 2021-06-10 2021-08-06 深高蓝德环保科技集团股份有限公司 Kitchen waste and straw powder combined anaerobic fermentation method and device
CN113788730A (en) * 2021-11-08 2021-12-14 四川泸天化创新研究院有限公司 Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by using fruit and vegetable garbage

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