CN112106619A - Method for converting garden waste into matrix material by using superheated steam - Google Patents
Method for converting garden waste into matrix material by using superheated steam Download PDFInfo
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- CN112106619A CN112106619A CN202011005297.2A CN202011005297A CN112106619A CN 112106619 A CN112106619 A CN 112106619A CN 202011005297 A CN202011005297 A CN 202011005297A CN 112106619 A CN112106619 A CN 112106619A
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- superheated steam
- garden waste
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- matrix material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
- B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
Abstract
The invention provides a method for converting garden waste into matrix material by using superheated steam, belonging to the waste treatment technology, comprising the following steps: after filling garden waste in the reactor, heating the garden waste by using high-temperature superheated steam; the superheated steam contacts with garden waste in the reactor, heat is rapidly transferred to the garden waste, the garden waste is rapidly heated and subjected to selective cracking reaction, most substances with phytotoxicity are degraded, volatile substances generated by the garden waste after reaction are discharged out of the reactor along with tail gas, and solid products are separated to be used as matrix raw materials; the separated tail gas is changed into high-temperature superheated steam through the heating device again to be used for heating garden waste to cause relevant reactions. The cracking process driven by the superheated steam as the heat source has high heating efficiency, and the superheated steam at the outlet can be completely circulated by control and can be continuously used as the heat source after being reheated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for converting garden waste into matrix materials by utilizing superheated steam.
Background
The garden waste has huge yield every year, causes great pollution to the environment and is not easy to treat. The traditional cracking technology is to place organic matters in a closed oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment and convert the organic matters into products such as biochar, bio-oil or biogas through certain temperature and pressure, and currently, a small amount of research attempts are made to convert biomass into a product which can replace peat by using the cracking technology, but the research on using garden wastes as raw materials is rare.
The prior art is difficult to convert the garden waste into a substrate raw material, or can not directionally remove certain components in the garden waste, so that the produced product can not be used as a substrate. The conventional heating mode of the heat source for the reaction raw materials has the defects of low heating efficiency, incapability of recovering heat and the like compared with superheated steam.
The cracking process of biomass usually requires external energy supply to maintain the reaction, and the common heating mode is to heat the furnace wall first and then transfer the heat to the organic matter through the furnace wall. Due to the low heat capacity of gases, the use of gases as a source of heat for the reaction is rare. Compared with general gas, the superheated steam has much larger heat capacity and easier heat transfer to organic matters, so that the superheated steam is used as a heat source to heat the organic matters, thereby greatly reducing heat loss and improving reaction efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in an effort to provide a method for converting garden waste into a matrix material using superheated steam, which solves the problems set forth in the background art as described above; the invention uses more efficient heat transfer medium (superheated steam) to accelerate the reaction process, and the heat transfer medium can be better recycled, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the process. The physical and chemical properties of the garden waste are changed by using superheated steam treatment to become the raw material of the matrix.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: after filling garden waste in the reactor, heating the garden waste by using high-temperature superheated steam;
s102: the superheated steam contacts with garden waste in the reactor, heat is rapidly transferred to the garden waste, the garden waste is rapidly heated and is subjected to selective cracking reaction, most substances with phytotoxicity are degraded, volatile substances generated after the garden waste is reacted are discharged out of the reactor along with tail gas, solid products are separated to be used as matrix raw materials, the temperature of the superheated steam after certain heat is released is higher than 100 ℃ by controlling the flow rate of the gas, namely the temperature of the tail gas is higher than 100 ℃;
s103: the separated tail gas is changed into high-temperature superheated steam through the heating device again to be used for heating garden waste to cause relevant reactions.
Preferably, in step S101, the superheated steam is selected as high-temperature steam having a temperature exceeding 100 ℃.
Preferably, in step S101, the garden waste is selected from waste of leaf branches generated by green plants in urban greening.
Preferably, in step S101, the high-temperature superheated steam is generated as follows: firstly, a steam generator is used for generating steam with the temperature of 100-120 ℃, the generated steam is rapidly heated to 101-1000 ℃ through a heating device, and then the steam is introduced into the reactor.
Preferably, in step S101, the heating device is an electromagnetic heating device.
Preferably, in step S102, the time of the selective cleavage reaction is 1 to 60 min.
Preferably, in step S102, the gas flow rate is controlled such that the superheated steam temperature after releasing a certain amount of heat is >100 ℃.
Preferably, most of the phytotoxic substances are degraded in step S102, but major structures of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose of the garden waste are largely retained.
Preferably, in step S102, the substrate material is artificial soil that can replace soil when plants are planted.
The reason why garden waste cannot be used as a substrate is that much substances contained therein affect the growth of plants (mainly 3 types of compounds: aliphatic compounds, including aliphatic alcohols, fatty acid glycerides, saccharides, including starch, proteins, alkaloids, pectic substances, and the like, mainly exist in parenchyma cells.2. terpenoids, including volatile oils and resin acids, mainly exist in resin channels.3. aromatic compounds, mostly 1 or more phenolic hydroxyl-substituted polyphenolic compounds, need to be removed.
The invention utilizes the essence of superheated steam to enable garden waste to become high temperature (the experimental conclusion is that the temperature is 200 ℃ C. and 350 ℃ C.) through the excellent heating capacity of the superheated steam, and cracks the substances through controlling the reaction time (the optimal time is 1-60min), but simultaneously, cellulose and lignin which are main structures are largely reserved, and the contents of the two substances exceed 50 percent, so that the superheated steam can be used as a matrix material and has no toxicity to plants.
The reason why the superheated steam is used in the second place is that the superheated steam activates the reaction product during the above reaction process, so that the superheated steam has excellent water retention, porosity and the like, and the superheated steam has a good effect when used as a substrate.
The principle of the invention is that the superheated steam is utilized for 1) rapidly heating garden waste 2) removing part of components with biological toxicity in the garden waste through combination of high temperature and the superheated steam and simultaneously keeping most of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, the main structural material as a substrate 3) the superheated steam treatment can activate the activity of the rest materials, keep better properties and can be used as the substrate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the common mode, the heating efficiency of the superheated steam is better, the tail gas can be recycled, no gas (such as nitrogen and the like) is used as a protective gas in the reaction process, and water is used as a source of the superheated steam, so that the superheated steam is green and environment-friendly.
(2) Compared with a general furnace wall heating mode, the cracking process driven by the superheated steam as the heat source has higher heating efficiency, and the superheated steam at the outlet can be completely circulated through control and can be continuously used as the heat source after being reheated.
(3) The whole process of the invention does not use other chemical agents, and the invention is green, safe, economical and efficient.
(4) The technical scheme of the invention for achieving the aim is that the superheated steam is used as a heat source of the cracking reaction, and the garden waste can be quickly changed into a substrate raw material.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the technical defects: the reason why garden waste cannot be used as a substrate is that much substances contained therein affect the growth of plants (mainly 3 types of compounds: aliphatic compounds, including aliphatic alcohols, fatty acid glycerides, saccharides, including starch, proteins, alkaloids, pectic substances, and the like, mainly exist in parenchyma cells.2. terpenoids, including volatile oils and resin acids, mainly exist in resin channels.3. aromatic compounds, mostly 1 or more phenolic hydroxyl-substituted polyphenolic compounds, need to be removed. The prior art is difficult to convert the garden waste into a substrate raw material, or can not directionally remove certain components in the garden waste, so that the produced product can not be used as a substrate. The conventional heating mode of the heat source for the reaction raw materials has the defects of low heating efficiency, incapability of recovering heat and the like compared with superheated steam.
Example 1, a method for converting garden waste into a matrix material using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: after filling garden waste in the reactor, heating the garden waste by using high-temperature superheated steam;
s102: the superheated steam contacts with garden waste in the reactor, heat is rapidly transferred to the garden waste, the garden waste is rapidly heated and is subjected to selective cracking reaction, most substances with phytotoxicity are degraded, volatile substances generated after the garden waste is reacted are discharged out of the reactor along with tail gas, solid products are separated to be used as matrix raw materials, the temperature of the superheated steam after certain heat is released is higher than 100 ℃ by controlling the flow rate of the gas, namely the temperature of the tail gas is higher than 100 ℃;
s103: the separated tail gas is changed into high-temperature superheated steam through the heating device again to be used for heating garden waste to cause relevant reactions.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the superheated steam is selected from high-temperature steam having a temperature exceeding 100 ℃.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the garden waste is waste of leaves and branches generated by green plants in an urban greening process.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the process of generating high-temperature superheated steam is as follows: firstly, a steam generator is used for generating steam with the temperature of 100 ℃, the generated steam is rapidly heated to 101 ℃ through a heating device, and then the steam is introduced into the reactor.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the heating device is an electromagnetic heating device.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the time of the selective cleavage reaction is 50 min.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the flow rate of the gas is controlled so that the temperature of the superheated steam after releasing a certain amount of heat is 200 ℃.
In this embodiment, most of the phytotoxic substances are degraded in step S102, but the major structures of the garden waste, such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, are largely retained.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the substrate raw material is artificial soil that can replace soil when plants are planted.
Example 2, a method for converting garden waste into a matrix material using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: after filling garden waste in the reactor, heating the garden waste by using high-temperature superheated steam;
s102: the superheated steam contacts with garden waste in the reactor, heat is rapidly transferred to the garden waste, the garden waste is rapidly heated and is subjected to selective cracking reaction, most substances with phytotoxicity are degraded, volatile substances generated after the garden waste is reacted are discharged out of the reactor along with tail gas, solid products are separated to be used as matrix raw materials, the temperature of the superheated steam after certain heat is released is higher than 100 ℃ by controlling the flow rate of the gas, namely the temperature of the tail gas is higher than 100 ℃;
s103: the separated tail gas is changed into high-temperature superheated steam through the heating device again to be used for heating garden waste to cause relevant reactions.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the superheated steam is selected from high-temperature steam having a temperature exceeding 100 ℃.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the garden waste is waste of leaves and branches generated by green plants in an urban greening process.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the process of generating high-temperature superheated steam is as follows: firstly, a steam generator is used for generating steam with the temperature of 120 ℃, the generated steam is rapidly heated to 1000 ℃ through a heating device, and then the steam is introduced into the reactor.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the heating device is an electromagnetic heating device.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the time of the selective cleavage reaction is 10 min.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the flow rate of the gas is controlled such that the temperature of the superheated steam after releasing a certain amount of heat is 350 ℃.
In this embodiment, most of the phytotoxic substances are degraded in step S102, but the major structures of the garden waste, such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, are largely retained.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the substrate raw material is artificial soil that can replace soil when plants are planted.
Example 3, a method for converting garden waste into a matrix material using superheated steam, comprising the steps of:
s101: after filling garden waste in the reactor, heating the garden waste by using high-temperature superheated steam;
s102: the superheated steam contacts with garden waste in the reactor, heat is rapidly transferred to the garden waste, the garden waste is rapidly heated and is subjected to selective cracking reaction, most substances with phytotoxicity are degraded, volatile substances generated after the garden waste is reacted are discharged out of the reactor along with tail gas, solid products are separated to be used as matrix raw materials, the temperature of the superheated steam after certain heat is released is higher than 100 ℃ by controlling the flow rate of the gas, namely the temperature of the tail gas is higher than 100 ℃;
s103: the separated tail gas is changed into high-temperature superheated steam through the heating device again to be used for heating garden waste to cause relevant reactions.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the superheated steam is selected from high-temperature steam having a temperature exceeding 100 ℃.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the garden waste is waste of leaves and branches generated by green plants in an urban greening process.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the process of generating high-temperature superheated steam is as follows: firstly, a steam generator is used for generating steam with the temperature of 110 ℃, the generated steam is rapidly heated to 700 ℃ through a heating device, and then the steam is introduced into the reactor.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the heating device is an electromagnetic heating device.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the selective cleavage reaction time is 30 min.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the flow rate of the gas is controlled so that the temperature of the superheated steam after releasing a certain amount of heat is 300 ℃.
In this embodiment, most of the phytotoxic substances are degraded in step S102, but the major structures of the garden waste, such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, are largely retained.
In this embodiment, in step S102, the substrate raw material is artificial soil that can replace soil when plants are planted.
The above examples 1-3 utilize the nature of superheated steam to make garden waste become high temperature (the experimental conclusion is that 200-350 ℃ is optimal) by its excellent heating ability, and crack the substances by controlling the reaction time (1-60 min is optimal), but at the same time, cellulose and lignin as main structure are largely retained, and the contents of the two substances exceed 50%, so that the materials can be used as substrate materials and have no toxicity to plants.
The reason why the superheated steam is used in the second place is that the superheated steam activates the reaction product during the above reaction process, so that the superheated steam has excellent water retention, porosity and the like, and the superheated steam has a good effect when used as a substrate.
The principle of the invention is that the superheated steam is utilized for 1) rapidly heating garden waste 2) removing part of components with biological toxicity in the garden waste through combination of high temperature and the superheated steam and simultaneously keeping most of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, the main structural material as a substrate 3) the superheated steam treatment can activate the activity of the rest materials, keep better properties and can be used as the substrate.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
s101: after filling garden waste in the reactor, heating the garden waste by using high-temperature superheated steam;
s102: the superheated steam contacts with garden waste in the reactor, heat is rapidly transferred to the garden waste, the garden waste is rapidly heated and is subjected to selective cracking reaction, most substances with phytotoxicity are degraded, volatile substances generated after the garden waste is reacted are discharged out of the reactor along with tail gas, solid products are separated to be used as matrix raw materials, the temperature of the superheated steam after certain heat is released is higher than 100 ℃ by controlling the flow rate of the gas, namely the temperature of the tail gas is higher than 100 ℃;
s103: the separated tail gas is changed into high-temperature superheated steam through the heating device again to be used for heating garden waste to cause relevant reactions.
2. A method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam according to claim 1, wherein: in step S101, the superheated steam selects high-temperature steam having a temperature exceeding 100 ℃.
3. A method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam according to claim 1, wherein: in step S101, the garden waste is waste of leaves and branches generated by green plants in the urban greening process.
4. A method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam according to claim 1, wherein: in step S101, the high-temperature superheated steam is generated as follows: firstly, a steam generator is used for generating steam with the temperature of 100-120 ℃, the generated steam is rapidly heated to 101-1000 ℃ through a heating device, and then the steam is introduced into the reactor.
5. The method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in step S101, the heating device is an electromagnetic heating device.
6. A method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam according to claim 1, wherein: in step S102, the time of the selective cracking reaction is 1-60 min.
7. A method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam according to claim 1, wherein: in step S102, the gas flow rate is controlled so that the temperature of the superheated steam after releasing a certain amount of heat is >100 ℃.
8. A method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam according to claim 1, wherein: in step S102, most of the phytotoxic substances are degraded, but major structures of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose of the garden waste are largely retained.
9. A method for converting garden waste into matrix material using superheated steam according to claim 1, wherein: in step S102, the substrate raw material is artificial soil that can replace soil when plants are planted.
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