CN1231275A

CN1231275A - Method for producing biological organic fertilizer by utilizing tobacco stalk

Info

Publication number: CN1231275A
Application number: CN98106838A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱大恒
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-04-05
Filing date: 1998-04-05
Publication date: 1999-10-13

Abstract

The method for producing biological organic fertilizer by using tobacco stalk as raw material includes the following steps: cutting tobacco stalk, crushing, sterilizing and disinfecting, blending auxiliary materials, fermenting and decomposing, drying and packaging. Said invented fertilizer contains high contents of organic matter, humic substance and useful microoganism and can promote the release of soil-combined nutrient elements. Its fertility is high and cost is low. It eliminates the viral transmission of tobacco.

Description

Utilize tabacco straw to produce the method for biological organic fertilizer

The present invention relates to the production method of organic fertilizer, especially a kind of method of utilizing tabacco straw to produce biological organic fertilizer.

Fertilizer is important fertile kind of a class in the agricultural fertilizer, can increase agron and fertility, and the physics of improving the soil, chemical property improve crop yield and quality, and be significant to the farmland Sustainable development.At present, comprise various food crop stalks (as maize straw and wheat straw etc.) and cake fertilizer (as soya-bean cake, rapeseed cake etc.) in the raw material of production fertilizer, these raw materials all can be made into good feed.But tabacco straw, by product as a kind of special economic crop, owing to be unsuitable for doing feed on the one hand, direct returning to farmland infectivity vega disease (virus disease especially on the other hand, as mosaic disease), therefore for a long time, normally burn or stack the field in the field, rationally utilized, and easily caused disease spread.China produces 2000 ten thousand mu on tobacco leaf per year, tabacco straw accounts for about 1/3 of cigarette strain total biomass, it contains abundant Mierocrystalline cellulose, carbohydrate, protein, pectin, lipid acid, wax etc., and especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium cellulose content are significantly higher than the food crop stalk, are huge Biological resources.

The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly utilize tabacco straw production cheapness and the method for high-quality fertilizer, to make full use of the tabacco straw resource of rationally being utilized as yet at present, the consumption of saving feed-use grain food crop stalk greatly.

The method that the present invention adopts is: tabacco straw is pulverized (or chopping), and behind sterilization, the virus treated of going out, the auxiliary material that is mixed, fermentation maturity, dry packing.It is characterized in that: a, make raw materials for production with tabacco straw; B, the technical process in producing are: tabacco straw is through shred, pulverize → sterilize, the virus treated of the going out → auxiliary material → fermentation maturity that is mixed → drying, packing.

Below the present invention is described in further detail:

The tabacco straw that is left behind the cigarette is adopted in the land for growing field crops, can also can place dry back and pulverize with pulverizer directly with the knife mill chopping after the collection, and the smashing fineness of tobacco rod is changeable.Through the tabacco straw of fragmentation, need kill wherein through sterilization, the viral operation of going out and just can enter batching and fermentation maturity operation behind virus, the germ, the viral operation of in addition, sterilizing, go out also can play quickens the decomposition of cigarette stalk, promotes the effect of fermentation maturity.Sterilization, next viral method can have multiple, generally can adopt cooking process and acid system or alkaline process.Cooking process is after tabacco straw that fragmentation is good adds suitable quantity of water, heat temperature raising to 90 ℃～120 ℃, and boiling got final product in 10～120 minutes; Acid system is that the tabacco straw that fragmentation is good adds an amount of strong acid solution (as sulphuric acid soln), and the pH value is transferred to below 4.5, floods 10 minutes～24 hours, adds alkali lye (as potassium hydroxide solution) then and is neutralized to pH6.5～8.0 and gets final product; Alkaline process is that the cigarette stalk that fragmentation is good adds an amount of strong base solution the pH value is transferred to more than 8.5, floods 10 minutes～24 hours, adds acid solution then and is neutralized to pH6.5～8.0 and gets final product.Cooking process and acid-base method can be in conjunction with utilizations, add appropriate amount of acid solution or alkaline solution in broken cigarette straw, and pH is transferred to below 5.0 or more than 8.0, and heat temperature raising to 60～100 ℃ are incubated 10 minutes～24 hours, after the cooling pH are transferred to 6.5～8.0.

The auxiliary material that is mixed with tabacco straw can be multiple, and main purpose is to quicken the tabacco straw fermentation maturity, increases and adjusting fertilizer nutrient content and ratio.Used auxiliary material has livestock waste, and barnyard manure, cake fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, trace element, loam etc. in addition, also can add various bacterium liquid (as potassium bacterium, phosphorus bacterium) to make auxiliary material, to quicken becoming thoroughly decomposed raising fertilizer application effect.

Fermentation procedure can carry out in level land, hole, fermentation vat or fermentor tank, and processing condition are: moisture content 50～200%; PH value 6.5～8.0; 20～35 ℃ of temperature rise period temperature, 50～65 ℃ of holding stage temperature, 20～35 ℃ of temperature-fall period temperature.Fermentation time was generally 5～25 days.Add high density strong acid or strong base solution (strength of solution is greater than 30%) for adopting, solution usage greater than 15% (with the tabacco straw dry weight basis) go out virus tabacco straw, because wherein organic a large amount of hydrolysis of generation and decomposition, fermentation procedure can suitably shorten, even can directly enter the dry packing operation without fermentation.

Advantage of the present invention is: adopt the inventive method can make full use of the tabacco straw that is rationally utilized as yet at present, the fertilizer of producing inexpensive and of fine quality, can significantly improve the soil physical chemistry proterties, increase soil fertility, increase soil beneficial microorganism quantity and humus content, promote elements such as soil combined phosphorus, potassium, manganese, zinc to discharge, can obviously improve crop yield and quality.Simultaneously, eliminated the propagating source of farmland tobacco virus, germ disease, the consumption of having saved a large amount of feed stalks has very big ecological benefits and economic benefit.

The embodiment of the invention is as follows:

Embodiment 1:

Get behind the tobacco leaf picking 1000 kilograms of vega stalks, chopping adds 300 kilograms in water to 1～3 centimetre, drops into steam cooker, feeds 100 ℃ of steam sterilizings 20 minutes, is cooled to 30 ℃, blowing.Allocate 300 kilograms of animal manures then into, 300 kilograms of loam, in the pond of packing into after being mixed, water content 60～70%.Then the top sealing clay is covered, and stay ventilating pit.Hot stage maintains the temperature at 50～60 ℃ in the fermenting process.Left and right sides fertilizer promptly became thoroughly decomposed in 15～20 days, and dry pack (can allocate an amount of chemical fertilizer into) is finished product.

Embodiment 2:

Get 1000 kilograms of dried cigarette stalks, be crushed to 0.2～0.5 centimetre, add 2000 kilograms of potassium hydroxide solutions that prepare, make stalk pH reach 8.5～9.0, flooded 1 hour, with sulphuric acid soln pH is transferred to 7.5 then.Add 1000 kilograms of animal manures, 200 kilograms of loam, 10 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, pit entry fermentation behind the mixing.After 15 days, add each 50 kilograms of cultured in advance potassium bacterium, phosphorus bacteria bacterium liquid again, in 25～30 ℃ of cultivations about 5～10 days, the granulation pack was finished product behind the mixing.

Embodiment 3:

Get 500 kilograms of dried cigarette stalks, be crushed to 0.1～0.5 centimetre, add 300 kg of water, with adjusting PH with base to 8.0, feed 100 ℃ of steam boiling 15 minutes, and be cooled to 28 ℃, add 1 kilogram of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and an amount of organonitrogen and trace element, add 10 kilograms of mixed bacteria liquids then, mixing all, the back is bred thalline in a large number, and then is added 300 kg of water in 28～30 ℃ of fermentations 2～3 days, be warming up to 50～60 ℃, be incubated 3 days.After the fermentation ends, fertilizer drying, packing are finished product.

Embodiment 4:

Get 500 kilograms of dried cigarette straw, be ground into powder, 100 kilograms of sulphuric acid solns that add 65% concentration, stir and make it become the black mud shape, normal temperature or heat treated 2～24 hours can add suitable quantity of water in the treating processes, add an amount of potassium hydroxide and zinc oxide, magnesium oxide etc. then pH is transferred to about 7.0, be finished product after the drying, also can be mixed with other nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer is packaged as finished product.

Embodiment 5:

According to the method for embodiment 4, cigarette straw powder adds 100 kilograms of livestock wastes after acidifying, neutralization, and 5 kilograms of calcium superphosphate stir well the back in 25～65 ℃ of fermentations about 7 days, and dry, packing is finished product.

Claims

1, utilizes tabacco straw to produce the method for biological organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that: make raw materials for production with tabacco straw.

2, the method for utilizing tabacco straw to produce biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the technological process of production is:

Tabacco straw shreds, pulverizes → sterilize, the virus treated of the going out → auxiliary material → fermentation maturity that is mixed → drying, packing.

3, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said sterilization, the viral operation of going out has following method respectively:

A, cooking process:

Add suitable quantity of water in broken tabacco straw after, heat temperature raising to 90～120 ℃ are incubated 10～120 minutes.

B, also can adopt acid system:

In broken tabacco straw, add appropriate amount of acid solution, pH is transferred to below 4.5, handled 10 minutes～24 hours, with alkaline solution pH is transferred to 6.5～8.0 then.

C, also can adopt alkaline process:

In broken tabacco straw, add appropriate bases solution, pH is transferred to more than 8.5, handled 10 minutes～24 hours, with acid solution pH is transferred to 6.5～8.0 then.

D, the method that also can adopt boiling to combine with acid system or alkaline process:

Add appropriate amount of acid solution or alkaline solution in broken tabacco straw, pH is transferred to below 5.0 or more than 8.0, heat temperature raising to 60～100 ℃ are incubated 10 minutes～24 hours, after the cooling pH are transferred to 6.5～8.0.

4, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the said auxiliary material of the auxiliary material operation that is mixed is one or more mixtures in livestock waste, barnyard manure, mineral fertilizer, cake fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, plant and animal residues, soil ulmin, the peat composed of rotten mosses, loam, bacterium liquid and the bacterium powder.

5, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: fermentation maturity procedure technology condition is:

Moisture: 50～200%

PH value: 6.5～8.0

Temperature: the temperature rise period is 20～35 ℃

Holding stage is 50～65 ℃

Temperature-fall period is 20～35 ℃

Time: 5～25 days

6, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that: adopt in the technical process of the sterilization of high density strong acid or highly basic, the virus treated of going out, material can directly enter drying, packaging process without the fermentation maturity operation.

7, method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the working concentration of strong acid or strong base solution is greater than 30% (by weight), and the solution usage quantity is greater than 15% (with the tabacco straw dry weight basis).