CN113277900A - Production process of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Production process of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113277900A CN113277900A CN202110725955.3A CN202110725955A CN113277900A CN 113277900 A CN113277900 A CN 113277900A CN 202110725955 A CN202110725955 A CN 202110725955A CN 113277900 A CN113277900 A CN 113277900A
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- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- -1 glucuronic acid xylan Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: s1, crushing, namely crushing the tobacco straws to the particle size of 3-5 mm; s2, sterilizing, namely feeding the tobacco straws crushed in the step S1 into a sterilizing device for sterilization; s3, composting, namely piling the tobacco straws sterilized in the step S2 into a stack, adding nutrients and water, and uniformly mixing; s4, inoculating a compound microbial inoculum, and inoculating a compound strain into the pile obtained in the step S3; s5, decomposing, fermenting the heap inoculated in the step S4; and S6, adding functional bacteria, and inoculating the functional bacteria to the fermented pile in the step S5 to obtain the organic fertilizer. The production process takes the field tobacco straws as the raw material to produce the organic fertilizer, can effectively solve the problem of treatment of tobacco straw waste, simultaneously eliminates the propagation source of virus and germ diseases of the field tobacco, saves the consumption of a large amount of feed straws, and has great ecological benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, in particular to a production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer.
Background
The organic fertilizer is an important fertilizer in agricultural fertilizers, can increase soil humus and fertility, improve physical and chemical characteristics of soil, improve crop yield and quality, and has important significance for sustainable development of farmlands. At present, raw materials for producing the organic fertilizer comprise various grain crop straws (such as corn straws, wheat straws and the like) and cake fertilizers (such as bean cakes, rapeseed cakes and the like), and the raw materials can be prepared into good feed.
The tobacco straw is a byproduct of special economic crops, tobacco leaves are produced in China for 2000 ten thousand mu, the tobacco straw accounts for about 1/3 of the total biomass of tobacco plants, the tobacco straw contains abundant cellulose, saccharides, protein, pectin, fatty acid, wax and the like, particularly the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is obviously higher than that of the straw of grain crops, and the tobacco straw is a potential huge biological resource. Because the tobacco straw is not suitable for being used as feed on one hand and is directly returned to the field to be infected with tobacco field diseases (particularly virus diseases such as mosaic disease), the tobacco straw treatment methods mainly comprise two methods for a long time: firstly, the tobacco plant residues are discarded in the field, so that the tobacco plant residues cannot be removed for a long time, the propagation of a plurality of pathogenic bacteria is promoted, and the occurrence of diseases in the next year is aggravated; and secondly, the accumulation incineration causes the atmospheric pollution of the environment. Therefore, how to treat the tobacco straw waste is always a very troublesome problem.
The tobacco straw (including the tobacco straw part on the tobacco field and the underground tobacco root part) contains a large amount of organic matters, is a good raw material for processing the bio-organic fertilizer, and has a special fiber and semi-fiber structure which is very favorable for improving the soil structure. Therefore, the method for producing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the tobacco straws and applying the bio-organic fertilizer to the tobacco production is a mode of tobacco agricultural circular economy, and accords with the concepts of tobacco agricultural science and technology and sustainable green and environment-friendly development of tobacco.
Chinese patent (CN 98106838.3) discloses a method for producing a bio-organic fertilizer by using tobacco straws, which is mainly characterized in that the used raw materials are the tobacco straws. The adopted method comprises the following steps: the tobacco straw is cut up, crushed → sterilized, virus killed → mixed with auxiliary material → fermented and matured → dried and packaged. The method can fully utilize the tobacco straws which are not reasonably utilized at present, the produced fertilizer has high contents of organic matters, humus and beneficial microorganisms, can promote the release of soil combined state nutrient elements, and has high fertility and low cost. Meanwhile, the spreading of tobacco virus and germ diseases is eliminated, the consumption of feed straw resources is saved, and great ecological benefit and economic benefit are achieved. However, the production process of the method has the following problems that tobacco straw cellulose is not easy to decompose, nicotine in tobacco cannot be degraded, tobacco pathogenic bacteria are carried, and the like, and the production efficiency and the quality of the organic fertilizer are influenced and reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer, which takes field tobacco straws as raw materials to produce the organic fertilizer, can effectively solve the problem of treatment of tobacco straw waste, simultaneously eliminates the propagation source of virus and germ diseases of the field tobacco, saves the consumption of a large amount of feed straws, and has great ecological benefit and economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing, namely crushing the tobacco straws to the particle size of 3-5 mm;
s2, sterilizing, namely feeding the tobacco straws crushed in the step S1 into a sterilizing device for sterilization;
s3, composting, namely piling the tobacco straws sterilized in the step S2 into a stack, adding nutrients and water, and uniformly mixing;
s4, inoculating a compound microbial inoculum, and inoculating a compound strain into the pile obtained in the step S3;
s5, decomposing, fermenting the heap inoculated in the step S4;
and S6, adding functional bacteria, and inoculating the functional bacteria to the fermented pile in the step S5 to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, the sterilization treatment in step S2 is a microwave hydrothermal treatment, and the specific treatment method is as follows: heating to 120 ℃ for 100-.
Further, in the step S3, the width of the piled pile is 1.6-2m, and the height of the piled pile is 1.0-1.6 m.
Further, the mass ratio of the pile to the composite strain in the step S4 is (800- & 1000): 2.
further, the composite bacteria in step S4 include cellulose-degrading mold, cellulose-degrading bacteria, lignin-degrading bacteria, nicotine-degrading bacteria, and a mixture of microbial decomposing agents, and the mass ratio of the cellulose-degrading mold, the cellulose-degrading bacteria, the lignin-degrading bacteria, the nicotine-degrading bacteria, and the microbial decomposing agents is 4: 4: 1: 1: 1.
further, the inoculation method of the composite bacterial strain in the step S4 is as follows: after the bacteria liquid of cellulose degrading bacteria, lignin degrading bacteria, nicotine degrading bacteria and microorganism decomposing agent is subjected to propagation fermentation, water is added and the mixture is uniformly stirred, and then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on a pile body; mixing the cellulose degradation mould after propagation with bran, wherein the mass ratio of the mould to the bran is 1: 10, and then uniformly sprinkled on the stack.
Further, the fermentation is carried out for 25 to 35 days in the step S5.
Further, in the step S6, the mass ratio of the functional bacteria to the compost is (1-2): 200.
further, the functional strains in the step S6 include potassium-solubilizing bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum resistance bacteria, and selenium-resistant bacteria, and the mass ratio of the potassium-solubilizing bacteria, the ralstonia solanacearum resistance bacteria, and the selenium-resistant bacteria is 2: 3: 1.
further, the inoculation method of the functional strains in step S6 is as follows: and (3) expanding and fermenting the bacteria liquid, uniformly stirring, and uniformly spraying the bacteria liquid on the pile body.
In the preparation process provided by the invention, in order to improve the degradation rate of the cellulose in the tobacco straws, the crushed tobacco straws are subjected to microwave hydrothermal treatment, the tobacco straws can be subjected to preliminary sterilization treatment under the microwave hydrothermal condition of 160 ℃ at the temperature of 120-; the residual tobacco straw is further subjected to hydrothermal treatment, the temperature is increased to 160-200 ℃, the hemicellulose can be effectively degraded and separated, and the maximum yield is 10.5%. Along with the rise of temperature, main components in the tobacco straws are changed into single components mainly comprising xylan from mixed components comprising xylan, glucuronic acid xylan, xyloglucan and the like, and the tobacco straws after hydrothermal treatment are inoculated with cellulose-degrading mold, cellulose-degrading bacteria and lignin-degrading bacteria, so that the problem that cellulose in the tobacco straws is not easy to decompose can be effectively solved, and the production quality of the organic fertilizer is greatly improved.
The microbial decomposing agent is added into the compost, so that the time required by decomposing is greatly shortened, the speed of reducing the carbon-nitrogen ratio is accelerated, the preservation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the increase of organic matters in the compost are facilitated, and the balance of nutrients is promoted. The addition of the decomposing agent in the tobacco straw pile can effectively accelerate the decomposition of lignocellulose, shorten the fermentation period and improve the quality of compost products. After the fertilizer is applied to soil, the contents of organic matters and available nutrients in the soil can be increased, the acidified soil is improved, and the soil fertility is increased.
In order to improve the quality of the organic fertilizer, potassium-decomposing bacteria, also called potassium bacteria, which are bacteria capable of differentiating aluminosilicate and apatite minerals separated from soil are added into the organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer can be used as a microbial fertilizer; inorganic minerals capable of decomposing insoluble aluminosilicates such as potassium feldspar and apatite; and the indissolvable nutrient elements such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and the like are promoted to be converted into soluble nutrients, and the content of the quick-acting nutrients in the soil is increased. The organic fertilizer can be applied to organic fertilizers, so that the growth and development of crops can be promoted, and the yield can be improved. Meanwhile, the addition of the anti-ralstonia solanacearum can prevent crops from being damaged by ralstonia solanacearum, so that loss of different degrees is caused. The selenium-resistant bacteria can improve the selenium content of the fertilizer, so that the adaptability of soil crops is improved, and the survival rate of the soil crops is effectively improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer, which is used for producing the organic fertilizer by taking field tobacco straws as raw materials, can effectively solve the problem of treatment of tobacco straw waste, simultaneously eliminates the propagation source of virus and germ diseases of the field tobacco, saves the consumption of a large amount of feed straws, and has great ecological benefit and economic benefit.
2. According to the production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer, provided by the invention, the mixture of the composite strains of cellulose degradation mould, cellulose degradation bacteria, lignin degradation bacteria, nicotine degradation bacteria and a microorganism decomposition agent is added, so that the problems that the cellulose of the tobacco straw is not easy to decompose, the nicotine in the tobacco cannot be degraded, the tobacco pathogenic bacteria are carried and the like can be effectively solved, and the production efficiency and the quality of the organic fertilizer are improved.
3. According to the production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer, provided by the invention, by adding the functional strains of potassium-decomposing bacteria, ralstonia resisting bacteria and selenium resisting bacteria, the use quality of the organic fertilizer can be effectively improved, the yield of soil crops is further improved, and extremely high economic benefits are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will describe the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings and other embodiments can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort, and the invention is not limited to this example.
The embodiment of the invention mainly adopts an ZCQ2 stock cutter, a DSP sheet hammer crusher and a discharge belt conveyor to crush the tobacco straws.
The main technical parameters of the ZCQ2 cutting machine are shown in table 1.
Table 1 ZCQ2 stock cutter key technical parameters
The main technical parameters of the DSP chip hammer crusher are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 DSP major technical parameters of the plate hammer crusher
In order to improve the degradation rate of nicotine, the nicotine degrading bacteria adopted in the embodiment of the invention comprise pseudomonas, enterobacter cloacae and aspergillus flavus. Among them, pseudomonas has better nicotine degradation ability. Enterobacter cloacae has moderate degradation of nicotine production, and this bacterium also metabolizes nicotinic acid. The fermentation is carried out under the conditions that the nicotine culture medium is less than 5g/L, PH and is 7 at the temperature of 34 ℃, so that the degradation capability of the enterobacter cloacae on nicotine can be improved. The aspergillus flavus has the optimal degradation rate under the culture conditions of 1% of nicotine content, 28 ℃ of temperature, 7.0 of PH, 120 r/of rotating speed, 2.0% of trisodium citrate and 1.0% of protein.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
example 1
A production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing, collecting tobacco straws containing tobacco stems and tobacco roots, controlling the moisture content of the tobacco straws to be 30%, the soil content to be 5% and foreign matters to be 2%, removing foreign matters such as plastic films and broken stones, and crushing the tobacco straws into particles with the particle size of 3 mm;
s2, sterilizing, and performing microwave hydrothermal treatment on the tobacco straw crushed in the step S1, wherein the specific treatment process is as follows: firstly, heating to 100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, then heating to 120 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, then heating to 160 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 20 min;
s3, composting, namely piling the tobacco straws sterilized in the step S2 into a strip pile, wherein the width of the strip pile is 1.6m, the height of the strip pile is 1.0m, and the length of the strip pile is 10m, then adding nutrient fertilizer and water, uniformly mixing, and keeping the water content at 60%;
s4, inoculating a compound bacterial strain to the pile obtained in the step S3, wherein the specific inoculation process is as follows: after expanding culture and fermentation of the bacterial liquid of cellulose-degrading bacteria B4, lignin-degrading bacteria S13, pseudomonas and microorganism decomposing agent, adding water, stirring uniformly, and then spraying the mixture uniformly on a pile body; mixing the cellulose degradation mould M1 after propagation with bran, wherein the mass ratio of the mould to the bran is 1: 10, uniformly spraying the mixture on a stack body, wherein the mass ratio of the stack body to the composite strains is 1000: 2, the mass ratio of the cellulose-degrading mold M1, the cellulose-degrading bacteria B4, the lignin-degrading bacteria S13, the pseudomonas to the microbial decomposing inoculant is 4: 4: 1: 1: 1;
s5, decomposing, fermenting, namely fermenting the pile inoculated in the step S4, recording the temperature every day, and turning the pile on the 3 rd day, the 7 th day, the 10 th day and the 18 th day in the fermentation process; after fermenting for 25 days, keeping the temperature basically stable at 33 +/-2 ℃, not reducing, changing the raw materials of the stack into brown, having no ammonia odor, enabling the stacked materials to be soft and rotten, being easy to break by hand kneading, and primarily judging that the fermentation is finished;
s6, adding functional bacteria, and inoculating the functional bacteria to the pile fermented in the step S5, wherein the specific inoculation method is as follows: and (3) performing propagation fermentation on the functional strain liquid, uniformly stirring, uniformly spraying the functional strain liquid on a pile to obtain an organic fertilizer, and packaging the prepared fertilizer into bags according to the product packaging requirements. Wherein the mass ratio of the functional strains to the pile is 1: 200, the functional strains comprise potassium-decomposing bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum and selenium-resisting bacteria, and the mass ratio of the potassium-decomposing bacteria, the ralstonia solanacearum and the selenium-resisting bacteria is 2: 3: 1.
example 2
A production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing, collecting tobacco straws containing tobacco stems and tobacco roots, controlling the moisture content of the tobacco straws to be 20%, the soil content to be 4% and foreign matters to be 1%, removing foreign matters such as plastic films and broken stones, and crushing the tobacco straws into particles with the particle size of 4 mm;
s2, sterilizing, and performing microwave hydrothermal treatment on the tobacco straw crushed in the step S1, wherein the specific treatment process is as follows: firstly, heating to 110 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15min, then heating to 140 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15min, then heating to 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 15 min;
s3, composting, namely piling the tobacco straws sterilized in the step S2 into a strip pile, wherein the width of the strip pile is 1.8m, the height of the strip pile is 1.3m, and the length of the strip pile is 15m, then adding nutrient fertilizer and water, uniformly mixing, and keeping the water content at 62%;
s4, inoculating a compound bacterial strain to the pile obtained in the step S3, wherein the specific inoculation process is as follows: after expanding culture and fermentation of bacterial liquid of cellulose-degrading bacteria B4, lignin-degrading bacteria S13, enterobacter cloacae and microorganism decomposing agent, adding water and stirring uniformly, and then spraying the mixture uniformly on a pile body; mixing the cellulose degradation mould M1 after propagation with bran, wherein the mass ratio of the mould to the bran is 1: 10, uniformly spraying the mixture on a stack, wherein the mass ratio of the stack to the composite strains is 900: 2, the mass ratio of the cellulose-degrading mold M1, the cellulose-degrading bacteria B4, the lignin-degrading bacteria S13, the enterobacter cloacae and the microbial decomposing inoculant is 4: 4: 1: 1: 1;
s5, decomposing, fermenting, namely fermenting the pile inoculated in the step S4, recording the temperature every day, and turning the pile on the 3 rd day, the 7 th day, the 10 th day and the 18 th day in the fermentation process; after 30 days of fermentation, the temperature is basically kept stable at 33 +/-2 ℃, the temperature is not reduced, the raw materials of the pile body are changed into brown, ammonia odor and smell are avoided, the piled materials are soft and rotten, and are easily broken by hand-pulling, and the end of the fermentation is preliminarily judged;
s6, adding functional bacteria, and inoculating the functional bacteria to the pile fermented in the step S5, wherein the specific inoculation method is as follows: and (3) performing propagation fermentation on the functional strain liquid, uniformly stirring, uniformly spraying the functional strain liquid on a pile to obtain an organic fertilizer, and packaging the prepared fertilizer into bags according to the product packaging requirements. Wherein, the mass ratio of the functional strains to the pile is 3: 400, the functional strains comprise potassium-decomposing bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum and selenium-resisting bacteria, and the mass ratio of the potassium-decomposing bacteria, the ralstonia solanacearum and the selenium-resisting bacteria is 2: 3: 1.
example 3
A production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing, collecting tobacco straws containing tobacco stems and tobacco roots, controlling the moisture content of the tobacco straws to be 10%, the soil content to be 3% and foreign matters to be 0.5%, removing foreign matters such as plastic films and broken stones, and crushing the tobacco straws into particles with the particle size of 5 mm;
s2, sterilizing, and performing microwave hydrothermal treatment on the tobacco straw crushed in the step S1, wherein the specific treatment process is as follows: firstly, heating to 120 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, then heating to 160 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, then heating to 200 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10 min;
s3, composting, namely piling the tobacco straws sterilized in the step S2 into a strip pile, wherein the width of the strip pile is 2m, the height of the strip pile is 1.6m, and the length of the strip pile is 20m, then adding nutrient fertilizer and water, and uniformly mixing to keep the water content at 65%;
s4, inoculating a compound bacterial strain to the pile obtained in the step S3, wherein the specific inoculation process is as follows: after expanding culture and fermentation of the bacterial liquid of cellulose-degrading bacteria B4, lignin-degrading bacteria S13, aspergillus flavus and microbial decomposition agent, adding water and stirring uniformly, and then spraying the mixture uniformly on a pile; mixing the cellulose degradation mould M1 after propagation with bran, wherein the mass ratio of the mould to the bran is 1: 10, uniformly spraying the mixture on a stack body, wherein the mass ratio of the stack body to the composite strains is 1000: 2, the mass ratio of the cellulose degradation mould M1, the cellulose degradation bacteria B4, the lignin degradation bacteria S13, the aspergillus flavus and the microorganism decomposing inoculant is 4: 4: 1: 1: 1;
s5, decomposing, fermenting, namely fermenting the pile inoculated in the step S4, recording the temperature every day, and turning the pile on the 3 rd day, the 7 th day, the 10 th day and the 18 th day in the fermentation process; after 30 days of fermentation, the temperature is basically kept stable at 33 +/-2 ℃, the temperature is not reduced, the raw materials of the pile body are changed into brown, ammonia odor and smell are avoided, the piled materials are soft and rotten, and are easily broken by hand-pulling, and the end of the fermentation is preliminarily judged;
s6, adding functional bacteria, and inoculating the functional bacteria to the pile fermented in the step S5, wherein the specific inoculation method is as follows: and (3) performing propagation fermentation on the functional strain liquid, uniformly stirring, uniformly spraying the functional strain liquid on a pile to obtain an organic fertilizer, and packaging the prepared fertilizer into bags according to the product packaging requirements. Wherein the mass ratio of the functional strains to the pile is 1: 100, the functional strains comprise potassium-decomposing bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum and selenium-resisting bacteria, and the mass ratio of the potassium-decomposing bacteria, the ralstonia solanacearum and the selenium-resisting bacteria is 2: 3: 1.
comparative example 1
Tobacco straw compost without inoculating composite strain and functional strain is used as a comparative example
A production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing, collecting tobacco straws containing tobacco stems and tobacco roots, controlling the moisture content of the tobacco straws to be 10%, the soil content to be 3% and foreign matters to be 0.5%, removing foreign matters such as plastic films and broken stones, and crushing the tobacco straws into particles with the particle size of 5 mm;
s2, sterilizing, and performing microwave hydrothermal treatment on the tobacco straw crushed in the step S1, wherein the specific treatment process is as follows: firstly, heating to 120 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, then heating to 160 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, then heating to 200 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10 min;
s3, composting, namely piling the tobacco straws sterilized in the step S2 into a strip pile, wherein the width of the strip pile is 2m, the height of the strip pile is 1.6m, and the length of the strip pile is 20m, then adding nutrient fertilizer and water, and uniformly mixing to keep the water content at 65%;
s4, decomposing, fermenting, namely fermenting the pile inoculated in the step S3, recording the temperature every day, and turning the pile on the 3 rd day, the 7 th day, the 10 th day and the 18 th day in the fermentation process; after 30 days of fermentation, the temperature is basically kept stable at 33 +/-2 ℃, the temperature is not reduced, the raw materials of the stack are changed into brown, ammonia odor and smell are avoided, the stacked materials are soft and rotten, the stacked materials are easy to break by hand-pulling, the organic fertilizer is obtained after the preliminary judgment of the end of fermentation, and the prepared fertilizer is packaged into bags according to the product packaging requirements.
The organic fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to nutrient detection, as shown in Table 1
TABLE 1-determination of nutrient content of organic fertilizer prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the content of organic matters in the bio-organic fertilizer prepared in examples 1 to 3 is high, and the total nutrient content reaches 6.35 to 6.68 percent, which indicates that the compound strains and the functional strains can significantly improve the nutrient content of the waste materials, contribute to the preservation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compost and the increase of organic matters, and promote the balance of nutrients.
The bio-organic fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 3 were applied to soil application examples 1 to 3, respectively, and tobacco stalks were directly pulverized and returned to the field as application example 4, while soil application example 5 without any fertilizer was used as a blank control. Nutrient detection was performed in application examples 1-5, as shown in table 2.
Table 2-results of measuring soil nutrient content in application examples 1 to 5
As can be seen from Table 2, the contents of organic matters and available nutrients in the soil in application examples 1-3 are obviously higher than those in application examples 4-5, which shows that the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the invention can improve the contents of organic matters and available nutrients in the soil, improve acidified soil and increase soil fertility after being applied to the soil. Further improve the yield of soil crops and have extremely high economic benefit.
The above-described aspects may be implemented individually or in various combinations, and such variations are within the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the specific embodiments of the invention be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing, namely crushing the tobacco straws to the particle size of 3-5 mm;
s2, sterilizing, namely feeding the tobacco straws crushed in the step S1 into a sterilizing device for sterilization;
s3, composting, namely piling the tobacco straws sterilized in the step S2 into a stack, adding nutrients and water, and uniformly mixing;
s4, inoculating a compound microbial inoculum, and inoculating a compound strain into the pile obtained in the step S3;
s5, decomposing, fermenting the heap inoculated in the step S4;
and S6, adding functional bacteria, and inoculating the functional bacteria to the fermented pile in the step S5 to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization treatment in the step S2 is a microwave hydrothermal treatment, and the specific treatment process is as follows: firstly heating to 120 ℃ of 100-.
3. The production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the width of the piled pile is 1.6-2m, and the height of the piled pile is 1.0-1.6 m.
4. The production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the compost to the composite strain in the step S4 is (800- > 1000): 2.
5. the production process of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite bacterial species in step S4 includes a mixture of cellulose-degrading mold, cellulose-degrading bacteria, lignin-degrading bacteria, nicotine-degrading bacteria and microbial decomposition agent, and the mass ratio of the cellulose-degrading mold, cellulose-degrading bacteria, lignin-degrading bacteria, nicotine-degrading bacteria and microbial decomposition agent is 4: 4: 1: 1: 1.
6. the production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inoculation method of the composite bacterial strain in the step S4 is as follows: after the bacteria liquid of cellulose degrading bacteria, lignin degrading bacteria, nicotine degrading bacteria and microorganism decomposing agent is subjected to propagation fermentation, water is added and the mixture is uniformly stirred, and then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on a pile body; mixing the cellulose degradation mould after propagation with bran, wherein the mass ratio of the mould to the bran is 1: 10, and then uniformly sprinkled on the stack.
7. The production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation in the step S5 is performed for 25-35 days.
8. The production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the functional strains to the compost in the step S6 is (1-2): 200.
9. the production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the functional strains in the step S6 include potassium-solubilizing bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum resisting bacteria and selenium-resisting bacteria, and the mass ratio of the potassium-solubilizing bacteria, the ralstonia solanacearum resisting bacteria and the selenium-resisting bacteria is 2: 3: 1.
10. the production process of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inoculation method of the functional bacteria in the step S6 is as follows: and (3) expanding and fermenting the bacteria liquid, uniformly stirring, and uniformly spraying the bacteria liquid on the pile body.
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