CN103570446A - Process technology for producing functional fertilizer by utilizing tobacco waste - Google Patents
Process technology for producing functional fertilizer by utilizing tobacco waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN103570446A CN103570446A CN201210282015.2A CN201210282015A CN103570446A CN 103570446 A CN103570446 A CN 103570446A CN 201210282015 A CN201210282015 A CN 201210282015A CN 103570446 A CN103570446 A CN 103570446A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process technology for producing a functional fertilizer by utilizing tobacco waste. The process technology for producing the functional fertilizer by utilizing the tobacco waste comprises the following steps: collecting tobacco waste, smashing, carrying out high temperature and high pressure separation and sterilization treatment, and fermenting, wherein the fermenting step concretely comprises the steps of mixing the tobacco waste, nutritional substances and auxiliary materials in mass ratio of (70-75):(10-20):(10-20), regulating moisture content to be 50-60% and adding AT fermentation substance accounting for 0.05-0.1% of the total weight of fermentation materials. According to the process technology for producing the functional fertilizer by utilizing the tobacco waste, the AT fermentation substance can overcome influence of nicotine in the tobacco waste, quick warming and decomposition can be realized, high temperature higher than 60 DEG C is formed in a decomposition process and can be maintained for more than one week, pathogenic bacteria, eggs, weed seeds and the like can be effectively killed, and macromolecule substances not applicable in tobacco leaves can be quickly converted into micromolecule substances which can be absorbed and utilized, such as micromolecule sugar and micromolecule amino acid, through treatment by virtue of a high temperature and high pressure separator and high temperature decomposition; volume weight of soil can be reduced, formation of a soil granular structure can be promoted, and soil fertility and soil microbial activity are improved; the nicotine has a strong killing effect on plant diseases and insect pests in soil, so that soil-borne diseases can be prevented and qualities of tobacco, vegetables and fruits can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco waste processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer.
Background technology
Traditional agriculture is faced with the problems such as environmental pollution, ecological damage, resource exhaustion.Therefore, by developing a circular economy, explore a kind of high-quality, the novel agricultural mode of production efficient, capable of circulation, form the production model of " resource → agricultural-food → renewable resource → agricultural-food ", become the vital task of modern agricultural development.
Tobacco is one of leading industry of China's rural economy, and national tobacco planting area reaches more than 1,500 ten thousand mu.Tobacco growing needs a large amount of potassium, phosphoric, all needs every year to supplement potassium, phosphor resource in soil.And in the tobacco wastes such as footing leaf, offal, fireworks, cigarette wooden fork and part top, contain the nutritive elements such as the potassium that is easy in a large number to absorb, phosphorus.So it is the important channel of realizing tobacco sustainable development that tobacco waste is processed.
Owing to containing nicotine etc. in tobacco leaf and be unfavorable for the composition of microorganism growth, so traditional HM decomposing agent can not well become thoroughly decomposed to tobacco leaf, in prior art, general treatment process is field emergency burial, easily causes viral superinfection.Some place is to build treating pond, land occupation, waste resource.Owing to carrying a large amount of virus, germ and worm's ovum in tobacco waste.If harmless treatment is not thorough, these pathogenic bacterias will be taken back to soil, pollute.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problem providing in prior art, a kind of Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer of the present invention, comprise the collection of tobacco waste, pulverize, High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment, fermentation step, the concrete technology of described fermentation step is: by tobacco waste, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are that the ratio of 70-75:10-20:10-20 is mixed in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 ℃) ferments 2 times, within 5-10 days, fermentation ends is dried fermentation materials, be packaged to be finished product.
Fermenter described in the present invention can adopt normal fermentation groove of the prior art, and preferably adopting the patent No. is 200620030881.2, and denomination of invention is the disclosed technical scheme of closed aerating fecal treatment apparatus, and this technology can prevent secondary pollution.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT (obsolete tabacum) fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 5-50%, penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicun) HB09-4(Classification And Nomenclature: penicillium oxalicum, Latin name: Penicillium oxalicun, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6321) 5-50%, bacillus megaterium 5-50%, heat common streptomycete (Streptomyces thermovulgaris) HD12-4 (Classification And Nomenclature: hot common streptomycete, Latin name: Streptomyces thermovulgaris, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6322) 10-70%.
AT for the treatment of tobacco waste fermentation base of the present invention, screening formulation is as follows: bacillus natto 10-30%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20-40%, bacillus megaterium 10-30%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 20-40%.
When described tobacco waste is inapplicable tobacco leaf, in described High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilizing treatmenting process, separating tank pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, and temperature is 158-164 ℃, and the time length is in 1 minute.
When described tobacco waste is tobacco rod, in described High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilizing treatmenting process, separating tank pressure is 1.9-2.0MPa, and temperature is 211-213 ℃, continues 1-2 minute.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure or rapeseed meal or both mixtures.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran or both mixtures.
The preparation technology of the fermentation of the AT for the treatment of tobacco waste base of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) triangular flask liquid culture: fill 200ml meat soup liquid nutrient medium in 500ml triangular flask, access respectively bacillus megaterium and bacillus natto in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 32 degree shaking tables are cultivated 15 hours, carry out tank body and expand numerous; In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200mlPDA liquid nutrient medium, access respectively bacillus natto and penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 25-30 degree shaking table is cultivated 17-18 hour, carries out tank body and expands numerous; In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml Gause I liquid nutrient medium, access respectively the common streptomycete HD12-4 of heat in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 50-55 degree shaking table is cultivated 17-18 hour, carries out tank body and expands numerous;
(2) solid culture: will adsorb in the sterilized solid carrier wheat bran 100% of the tank body liquid inoculation of bacillus megaterium and bacillus natto, the ratio of liquid and solid is 1:2.4, then dries; Bacillus natto and the decomposition of penicillium oxalicum tank body nutrient solution are inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 13%, Semen Maydis powder: 10%, wheat bran: 60%, fine flour: in 12%, inoculum size is 7.5%, after fully stirring evenly, is placed in the pallet of lower curtate Reticular breathable, cultivates 3 days under the condition of 30 degree; The common streptomycete tank body of heat nutrient solution is decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 15%, Semen Maydis powder: 35%, wheat bran: 45%, sawdust: in 5%, inoculum size is 7.5%, after fully stirring evenly, be placed in sterilized aluminum bucket, it is to increase Air permenbility that there is aperture at the bucket end, cultivates 2 days under the condition of 50-55 degree;
(3) composite: above cultured solid fungicide to be dried or dry aseptic ventilation, according to bacillus natto 5-50, penicillium oxalicum 5-50, bacillus megaterium 5-50, heat common streptomycete 10-70 ratio mix, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
The penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 the present invention relates to carries out preservation in July, 2012 17 China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center, Classification And Nomenclature: penicillium oxalicum, Latin name: Penicillium oxalicun, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6321.
Colonial morphology and microscopic features are as follows:
Bacterial classification is grown comparatively fast on malt extract medium, lower 4 days of 25 ℃ of dark conditions, and colony diameter 19-21mm, quality is velvet-like, grayish green, sprawls, and conidial fructification forms in a large number; The bacterium colony back side is light brown, without water colo(u)r.
Conidiophore is tall and big, and wall is smooth, and penicillus 2 is verticillate, arrange closely, and bottle stalk column, neck is short, 8.2-13.6*2.5-3.5 m; Conidium is oval, light green, and wall is smooth, 3.5-6.9*2.0-3.3 m.There are no condition, produce robe structure.
The common streptomycete HD12-4 of heat the present invention relates to carries out preservation in July, 2012 17 China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center, Classification And Nomenclature: hot common streptomycete, Latin name: Streptomyces thermovulgaris, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6322.
Form and physicochemical characteristics are as follows:
(1) cultural characteristic
| Cultural characteristic | Aerial hyphae | Substrate mycelium | Soluble pigment |
| Czapek's solution | Beige | Shallow drabon look | Nothing |
| Glucose asparagine substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Glycerine asparagine substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Inorganic salt starch culture-medium | Beige | Drabon look | Nothing |
| ISP-2 substratum | Seldom | Shallow khaki color | Nothing |
| Oatmeal substratum | Seldom | Milky white | Nothing |
| Gause I substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Mulberry Ta Shi substratum | Seldom | Khaki color | Nothing |
(2) microscopic features: fibrillae of spores is straight, flexible, hook-shaped, volution, flexible are straight.Spore is oval.
(3) physiological and biochemical property:
The bacillus natto the present invention relates to is that bacillus natto is purchased from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica; The bacillus megaterium the present invention relates to is that bacillus megaterium is purchased from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica.
AT fermentation base of the present invention can overcome the impact of nicotine in inapplicable tobacco leaf, realization is rapidly heated and becomes thoroughly decomposed, in digest process, produce the above high temperature of 60 degree, and continue more than one week, can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum, weed seed etc., by high-temperature high-pressure separator and high temperature, become thoroughly decomposed and make the macromolecular substance in tobacco waste be converted into rapidly the small-molecule substance that can be absorbed and used, as small molecular sugar, amino acid etc.Can play and reduce the soil weight, promotion formation soil aggregate, culture fertility, raising soil microbial activities; Because nicotine has stronger killing effect to disease and pest in soil, can effectively prevent that soil-borne disease from the effects such as tobacco vegetables and fruits quality occurring, improving.
The tobacco waste the having become thoroughly decomposed material that becomes thoroughly decomposed is made to functional fertilizer by proportioning, return field, not only can provide organic for farmland, and in tobacco waste, be rich in a large amount of phosphorus, potassium, can promote tobacco growing, improve quality of tobacco, and the nicotine in tobacco also can play the object that prevents disease.
In discarded cigarette stalk, contain a large amount of xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, after decomposition into field, can make soil more loose, improve soil aggregate, and, wherein some xylogen is that tobacco is peculiar, its to soil with optimization function be unique, this is that other organic fertilizer is not available.Material after becoming thoroughly decomposed can significantly improve aminoacids content 25-35%, and the amino acid fertilizer of making, for fruits and vegetables, tobacco planting, can increase fruits and vegetables, tobacco aroma matter content, significantly improves fruits and vegetables, cigarette quality.
Below by field test, further illustrate beneficial effect of the present invention.
Field test one, the impact of function fertilizer of the present invention on the preventive effect of tobacco bacterial wilt and cigarette strain growth, test-results is in Table 1.
Test site: margin administrative village, lake, Hao Gang township, Shangshui County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, this ground stops safflower tobacco 5 years continuously, this peasant family is accustomed to applying as fertilizer with animal excrement and forage, stalk mixture every year before tobacco leaf is transplanted, within 2008, start to occur bacterial wilt, within 2010, bacterial wilt sickness rate is up to 15.8%.
Test method:
Test group I: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for 0.5 mu of examination area, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 * 50cm, for examination fertilizer, is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 1, fertilizing method is all determined according to local fertilising custom.
Test group II: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for 0.5 mu of examination area, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 * 50cm, for examination fertilizer, is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 4, fertilizing method is all determined according to local fertilising custom.
Test group III: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for 0.5 mu of examination area, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 * 50cm, for examination fertilizer, is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 6, fertilizing method is all determined according to local fertilising custom.
Control group: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for 0.5 mu of examination area, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 * 50cm, the fertilizer of selecting for local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to local fertilising custom.
Experimental group and control group in transplanting latter 30 days respectively, record diseased plant number when plucking for the first time tobacco leaf and plucking tobacco leaf second from the bottom time.
The impact of table 1 multi-Functional Fertilizers of the present invention on the preventive effect of tobacco bacterial wilt and cigarette strain growth
As can be seen from the above table, multi-Functional Fertilizers of the present invention has good prevention effect to soil-borne disease, can promote tobacco growing.
Field test two, the impact of function fertilizer of the present invention on fruit-vegetable quality, test-results is in Table 2.
Test site: Southern Pass village, Chao Ge town, Hebi City Qixian County, Henan Province
Test method:
Tomato group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011, is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 1 for examination fertilizer, and for 0.5 mu of examination area, fertilizing method is all determined according to local fertilising custom.
Control group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011, the fertilizer of selecting for local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to local fertilising custom.
Watermelon group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011, is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 4 for examination fertilizer, and for 0.5 mu of examination area, fertilizing method is all determined according to local fertilising custom.
Control group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011, the fertilizer of selecting for local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to local fertilising custom.
Grape group: test period is in December, 2010-2011 year October, is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 6 for examination fertilizer, and for 0.5 mu of examination area, fertilizing method is all according to local fertilising custom and determine.
Control group: test period is in December, 2010-2011 year October, the fertilizer of selecting for local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all according to local fertilising custom and determine.
The affect result of table 1 multi-Functional Fertilizers on fruit-vegetable quality
Total sugar content rate of increase in statistics fruit, during Vc content rate of increase, adopts 10 groups of random sampling in fruit, then calculates the method for mean value.
As can be seen from the above table, function fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve the quality of products, and improves the quality of product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the tobacco leaf waste high temperature high-pressure separation apparatus used in the present invention.
Embodiment
High Temperature High Pressure separation in the present invention and sterilising treatment refer to by tobacco leaf waste high temperature high-pressure separation apparatus carries out the separated and sterilising treatment of High Temperature High Pressure, described tobacco leaf waste high temperature high-pressure separation apparatus as shown in Figure 1, comprise high-duty boiler 1 and separating tank 4,6.16 meters of separating tank height, 1 meter of diameter.On described separating tank 4 tank body tops, be provided with the high pressure steam access mouth of pipe 3, the high pressure steam access mouth of pipe 3 is connected with high-duty boiler 1, at separating tank tank body top, be provided with charging bole 2, tank base is provided with discharge port 6, in tank base tank body, be provided with inverted cone pipe 5, cone pipe 5 tops and tank body are connected as a single entity, and bottom connects discharge port, and cone pipe is peripheral forms cavity structure with tank body.On tank body, be provided with pressure warning unit 7 and thermometer 8, can observe at any time tank internal pressure and temperature.
In order to facilitate the scene of high-duty boiler to install, the high pressure steam access mouth of pipe of described separating tank has three, and adjacent two high pressure steam access tube plane center of circle angles are 120 degree.
Its principle of work is as follows:
Tobacco waste, after collecting, pulverizing, is transported to separating tank charging bole with lift, arrives separating tank inner, according to the difference of tobacco waste, adjust operating pressure and temperature.Take that to process discarded cigarette stalk be example, material temperature in container is raised to 210 ℃ of left and right, and vapor pressure reaches 1.9Mpa left and right, continues then to open for 1-2 minute discharge port, in 2-5 minutes, under high temperature, high pressure, the xylogen in cigarette stalk, Mierocrystalline cellulose is separated.Because its action time is short, energy density is high and concentrated, and steam molecule can be penetrated between the macromole such as Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen, destroys plant tissue internal structure, thereby completes the separated of the tissues such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose.
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first carries out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.5-0.6Mpa, in 1 minute time length, then open rapidly discharge port and complete sterilizing and reach harmless treatment standard.
(3) fermentation step, the ratio that is 70:10:20 in mass ratio by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrition source material and auxiliary material through sterilizing harmless treatment is mixed, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 ℃) ferments, 5-10 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 30%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 30%.
Its preparation technology is as follows:
(a) triangular flask liquid culture
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml meat soup liquid nutrient medium, access respectively bacillus megaterium and bacillus natto in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 32 degree shaking tables are cultivated 15 hours, carry out tank body and expand numerous.
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200mlPDA liquid nutrient medium, access respectively bacillus natto and penicillium oxalicum in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 25-30 degree shaking table is cultivated 17-18 hour, carries out tank body and expands numerous.
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml Gause I liquid nutrient medium, access respectively the common streptomycete of heat in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 50-55 degree shaking table is cultivated 17-18 hour, carries out tank body and expands numerous.
(b) solid culture
To in the sterilized solid carrier wheat bran 100% of the tank body liquid inoculation of bacillus megaterium and bacillus natto, adsorb, the ratio of liquid and solid is 1:2.4, then dries.
Bacillus natto and the decomposition of penicillium oxalicum tank body nutrient solution are inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 13%, Semen Maydis powder: 10%, wheat bran: 60%, fine flour: in 12%, inoculum size is 7.5%, after fully stirring evenly, is placed in the pallet of lower curtate Reticular breathable, cultivates 3 days under the condition of 30 degree.
The common streptomycete tank body of heat nutrient solution is decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 15%, Semen Maydis powder: 35%, wheat bran: 45%, sawdust: in 5%, inoculum size is 7.5%, after fully stirring evenly, be placed in sterilized aluminum bucket, it is to increase Air permenbility that there is aperture at the bucket end, cultivates 2 days under the condition of 50-55 degree;
(c) composite: above cultured solid fungicide to be dried or dry aseptic ventilation, mass ratio is according to bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum 30%, bacillus megaterium 20%, heat common streptomycete 30% ratio mix, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first carries out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.6 Mpa, continues then to open rapidly for 50 seconds discharge port and completes sterilizing and reach harmless treatment standard.
(3) fermentation step, the ratio that is 70:20:10 in mass ratio by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrition source material and auxiliary material through sterilizing harmless treatment is mixed, regulate moisture to 60%, add the AT fermentation base of 1 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ℃ of fermentations 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (55 ℃) ferments, 5 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is rapeseed meal.
Described auxiliary material is wheat bran.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 40%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first carries out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 164 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.5 Mpa, continues then to open rapidly for 20 seconds discharge port and completes sterilizing and reach harmless treatment standard.
(3) fermentation step, the ratio that is 70:20:10 in mass ratio by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrition source material and auxiliary material through sterilizing harmless treatment is mixed, regulate moisture to 60%, add the AT fermentation base of 1 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 ℃) ferments, 10 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is rapeseed meal.
Described auxiliary material is wheat bran.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 40%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly become thoroughly decomposed more difficult; In addition discarded cigarette stalk, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first will be discarded tobacco rod and carry out closed collection, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211-213 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 1.9-2.0Mpa, continues then to open rapidly for 1-2 minute separation and the sterilising treatment that discharge port completes tobacco rod weave construction.
(3) fermentation step, by through weave construction separated with tobacco rod, nutrition source material and the auxiliary material of sterilizing harmless treatment in mass ratio for the ratio of 75:15:10 is mixed, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 ℃) ferments, 5-10 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 1:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 2:1.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 10%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 50%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly become thoroughly decomposed more difficult; In addition discarded cigarette stalk, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first will be discarded tobacco rod and carry out closed collection, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 1.9Mpa, continues then to open rapidly for 1 minute separation and the sterilising treatment that discharge port completes tobacco rod weave construction.
(3) fermentation step, by through weave construction separated with tobacco rod, nutrition source material and the auxiliary material of sterilizing harmless treatment in mass ratio for the ratio of 75:15:10 is mixed, regulate moisture to 55%, add the AT fermentation base of 1 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ℃ of fermentations 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (55 ℃) ferments, 5 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 5:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 1:5.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 10%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 10%, bacillus megaterium 10%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 70%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly become thoroughly decomposed more difficult; Discarded cigarette stalk and inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first will be discarded tobacco rod and inapplicable tobacco leaf and carry out respectively closed collection, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment, tobacco leaf is pulverized as chip.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 213 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 2.0Mpa, continues within 2 minutes, then to open rapidly discharge port and completes weave construction separation and sterilizing.
By inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrive separating tank inner, the material temperature in container is raised to 155 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.55, then opens rapidly separation and sterilising treatment that discharge port completes tobacco rod weave construction.
(3) fermentation step, to mix to obtain compound with tobacco rod and the tobacco leaf of sterilizing harmless treatment through weave construction is separated, then by compound, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are that the ratio of 75:10:15 is mixed in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45-55 ℃) ferments 2 times, 5-10 days fermentation ends.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 2:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 1:3.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 10%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 50%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 20%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly become thoroughly decomposed more difficult; Discarded cigarette stalk and inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first will be discarded tobacco rod and inapplicable tobacco leaf and carry out respectively closed collection, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment, tobacco leaf is pulverized as chip.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211-213 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 1.9-2.0Mpa, continues within 2 minutes, then to open rapidly discharge port and completes weave construction separation and sterilizing.
By inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrive separating tank inner, the material temperature in container is raised to 150-158 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.5-0.6, then opens rapidly separation and sterilising treatment that discharge port completes tobacco rod weave construction.
(3) fermentation step, to mix to obtain compound with tobacco rod and the tobacco leaf of sterilizing harmless treatment through weave construction is separated, then by compound, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are that the ratio of 75:10:15 is mixed in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 ℃) ferments 2 times, 5-10 days fermentation ends.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: mass ratio is according to bacillus natto 50%, penicillium oxalicum 15%, bacillus megaterium 15%, the ratio of hot common streptomycete 20% mixes, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
The effect that AT fermentation base becomes thoroughly decomposed to tobacco waste high temperature:
1. experiment purpose
By different treatment to become thoroughly decomposed in the rotten test of tobacco waste (cigarette stalk, inapplicable tobacco leaf) heap temperature, total N, P, K; C/N, Lignin degradation rate, dynamic change and the contrast on the impact of tobacco waste quality of compost products thereof of AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) on the adaptability of nicotine, seed germination index (GI); illustrate that processing has relative advantage to AT fermentation base to tobacco waste, processes foundation is provided for mass-producing.
2. experiment material
2.1 tobacco wastes: tobacco leaf is directly pulverized, cigarette stalk is pulverized and high-temperature high-pressure separator separating treatment
The physical and chemical index of tobacco waste: organism: 78.24%, the about 45-50% of content of lignin, N:1.11% P:0.58% K:1.64% nicotine (Nicotine) popular name Nicotine, tobacco leaf content: be about 1-3%, cigarette stalk content is about 0.3-1.1%, because tobacco bred is different, has any different.
2.2 nutritional supplements: the wheat bran that mass ratio is 1:1 and the mixture of Semen Maydis powder
The AT fermentation base of 2.3 embodiment of the present invention 1
2.4 general decomposing microbial inoculums: adopt the disclosed decomposing microbial inoculum of Chinese patent CN101838613A.
3. experimental technique
3.1 experiments are processed
| Process | Combination |
| Process one | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%) |
| Process two | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%)+general decomposing microbial inoculum (1 ‰) |
| Process three | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%)+AT base (1 ‰) that ferments |
3.2 compost method
Fermented product moisture 50-60%, heap is long not to be limit, and piles wide 1.5m, piles high 0.8m
3.3 research object
Temperature, total N, P, K, C/N, Lignin degradation rate, rate of emergence, the adaptability of AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) to nicotine.
4. experimental result and analysis
Result shows, add AT fermentation base and shortened the time that tobacco waste compost reaches a high temperature, extended the pyrolytic decomposition time length, increase total nitrogen content, accelerate the degradation rate of material N, P, K and C/N ratio, improve seed germination index (GI), AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) has affinity, adaptability to cigarette stalk and the nicotine being not suitable with in tobacco leaf, can decompose tobacco waste.Accelerated tobacco waste compost maturity process.
4.1 AT fermentation bases are affecting tobacco waste leavening temperature
While processing a 24h, temperature is 35 ℃, and top temperature is 48 ℃; While processing two 24h, temperature is 45 ℃, enters the pyrolytic decomposition stage during 3d, and top temperature is 56 ℃, high-temperature duration 3d; While processing three 24h, temperature is 55 ℃, and entered the pyrolytic decomposition stage same day, and top temperature reaches 68 ℃, high-temperature duration 7-10d.Process three process two in advance 2d enter the pyrolytic decomposition stage, high-temperature duration extends respectively 4-6d, and processes three top temperatures apparently higher than processing two and process one, exceeds respectively 12 ℃, 20 ℃.
Research discovery, lignocellulose is mainly decomposed at hot stage, and the high temperature bacteria strain that AT ferments in base accelerates heap body and heats up, the decomposition of lignocellulose material in quickening compost substrate, thereby the cycle of shortening compost maturity.
4.2 AT fermentation bases are affecting tobacco waste quality
It is as follows that three kinds of processing are surveyed respectively its nutrient composition content after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed:
| Process | N（%） | P（%） | K（%） |
| Process one | 0.99 | 1.58 | 2.64 |
| Process two | 1.09 | 2.08 | 3.15 |
| Process three | 1.11 | 2.83 | 4.33 |
The processing of adding AT fermentation base microbial inoculum can significantly increase total N, P, the K nutrient content of tobacco waste composting production.Processing two increases by 10.1% than processing a total N, and total P increases by 31.6%, and total K increases by 19.3%; Processing three increases by 1.8% than processing two total N, and total P increases by 36.1%, and total K increases by 37.5%.
In tobacco waste, the nutritive element content such as P, K is higher, but how to form mixture with organic matter, can not be used effectively, and have the bacterial classification of special decomposition organophosphorus, organic potassium, thereby in promotion tobacco waste, P, K composition decomposes release in AT fermentation base.
4.3?C/N
Compost needs suitable C/N, and one removes in compost and requires suitable C/N for (25-30): 1, and too low as C/N, can not provide enough energy substances for microorganism, too high as C/N, in composting process, aerobic requirement improves and produces a large amount of foul smell.The C/N of tobacco waste is higher by approximately 36, by nutritional supplements (wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder), makes amendment, regulates the C/N of compost to 25 left and right.
C/N be compost maturity an important indicator, when C/N reaches (15-20): in the time of 1, think compost maturity.
Compost maturity is to 3d, processes one, two, three C/N ratio and is respectively 28.7,27.1,26.8, processes one, two, three C/N ratio and be respectively 25.8,23.3,22.1 during 7d, processes three C/N and be down to 18.6 during 11d, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed.As can be seen here, the tobacco heap ferment effect of interpolation AT fermentation base is obviously better.
4.4 impacts of AT fermentation base on lignin degradation efficiency
In cigarette stalk, degree of lignification is higher, the about 45-50% of content of lignin, and after wood fibre separating treatment, content of lignin is still in 30% left and right.And the general about 15-20% of Spruce lignin content, so the degraded of lignocellulose is the principal element of restriction cigarette stalk compost maturity.
Compost is during to 15d, now processes one, two, three content of lignin respectively 28.2%, 24.4%, 12.7%.Process an xylogen substantially without degraded, process two content and slightly reduce, process three degradation effects remarkable.
The bacterial strain that has efficient degradation lignocellulose in AT fermentation base, can produce extracellular lignocellulose lytic enzyme, active far away higher than enzyme in the spore of bacterium, accelerates rate of decomposition and the efficiency of lignocellulose material in compost substrate.
4.5 AT fermentation bases are affecting seed germination index (GI)
The phytotoxicity of measuring compost by biological method is the effective ways of check compost maturity, and seed germination index is innoxious, the important indicator of degree of stability.
To compost 7d, each germination index of processing seed is respectively: 28.8%, 58.2%, 82.1%, wherein the fastest to process three germination index lift velocity, to compost to 15d, each germination index of processing seed is respectively: 66.8%, 72%, 86%, process three and met the requirement of becoming thoroughly decomposed completely.Add AT fermentation base and can effectively improve seed germination index.
The adaptability of 4.6 AT fermentation bases (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) to nicotine
Ferment base and common decomposing agent of AT made to the bacterium liquid of same equal proportion, be inoculated into respectively with in tobacco waste (cigarette stalk accounts for 70%, and inapplicable tobacco leaf accounts for 30%) matrix, observe their growing state.Found that, after inoculation 24h, in the tobacco waste matrix of AT fermentation base, start to occur white hypha, during to 48h, grown a large amount of white hyphas, and now inoculate in the tobacco waste matrix of common decomposing agent, only has a small amount of mycelia, subsequently, the tobacco waste matrix of inoculation AT fermentation base is covered with the mycelia approximately sustainable several days on vein surface, simultaneously generating portion spore. and the mycelia that inoculates the tobacco waste matrix of common decomposing agent does not significantly change.Add as can be seen here AT fermentation base (mould, strepto-) cigarette stalk and the nicotine being not suitable with in tobacco leaf are had to stronger affinity, adaptability.
5. experiment conclusion:
1. do not add in the rotten process of fermenting of tobacco waste heap of microbial inoculum, heat-up rate is slow, can not enter the pyrolytic decomposition stage, and seed germination index is lower, and becoming thoroughly decomposed process is slower, and the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is lower.
2, add the tobacco waste of removing decomposing microbial inoculum and pile in rotten fermenting process, heat-up rate is slower, and the time that enters the pyrolytic decomposition stage is longer, and high-temperature duration is shorter, and most microbial inoculums are had to restraining effect.
3. it is very fast that the tobacco waste that adds AT fermenting agent is piled in rotten process heat-up rate, heap body enters rapidly the pyrolytic decomposition stage, high-temperature duration extends, shorten the compost fermentation time, can promote C/N to reduce, significantly improve seed germination index, and can significantly improve the total nitrogen, total phosphorus of composting production, the content of total potassium, improve the quality of composting production.
Claims (6)
1. a Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer, it is characterized in that: comprise the collection of tobacco waste, pulverize, High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilising treatment, fermentation step, the concrete technology of described fermentation step is: by tobacco waste, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are that the ratio of 70-75:10-20:10-20 is mixed in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day 2 times, after temperature declines, at 45-55 ℃, carry out middle low temperature fermentation, 5-10 days fermentation ends, fermentation materials is dried, be packaged to be finished product.
2. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 5-50%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 5-50%, bacillus megaterium 5-50%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 10-70%.
3. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tobacco waste is inapplicable tobacco leaf, in described High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilizing treatmenting process, separating tank pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, temperature is 158-164 ℃, is in 1 minute in the time length.
4. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tobacco waste is tobacco rod, in described High Temperature High Pressure separation and sterilizing treatmenting process, separating tank pressure is 1.9-2.0MPa, temperature is 205-215 ℃, and the time length is 1-2 minute.
5. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nutrition source is chicken manure or rapeseed meal or both mixtures.
6. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce functional fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran or both mixtures.
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