CN104186909A - Method for obtaining organic fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously by biologically treating inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves with chrysomya megacephala larva - Google Patents
Method for obtaining organic fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously by biologically treating inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves with chrysomya megacephala larva Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186909A CN104186909A CN201410335518.0A CN201410335518A CN104186909A CN 104186909 A CN104186909 A CN 104186909A CN 201410335518 A CN201410335518 A CN 201410335518A CN 104186909 A CN104186909 A CN 104186909A
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 241000202815 Chrysomya megacephala Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 26
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 26
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003266 Leaf® Polymers 0.000 description 68
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 8
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 102000006395 Globulins Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010044091 Globulins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000257159 Musca domestica Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009571 larval growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [K]O[K] NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000257161 Calliphoridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191839 Chrysomya Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465963 Holometabola Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001615768 Musca domestica vicina Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004630 mental health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021590 normal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005111 ocular hyperemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for obtaining organic fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously by biologically treating inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves with chrysomya megacephala larva. The method mixes the inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves with auxiliary materials such as fish meal, guarantees the growth effect of the chrysomya megacephala on basis of scientifically treating the inapplicable tobacco leaves; and finally collects pure larva and breeding residues respectively, thus obtaining two products of nicotine-free bioprotein and organic fertilizer. About 3-4 tons of commercially bio-organic fertilizer and about 0.8-1.2 tons of the nicotine-free bioprotein can be produced by treating 10 tons of the inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves, so that efficient resource utilization of the inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves can be realized and wastes are changed into wealth. The place occupied by the method is small, and can be used repeatedly, without changing land usage. According to the method, the tobacco leaves only need to be cut or chopped into 2-3 cm, so that smashing cost is significantly reduced; a processing process has low energy consumption and few emissions; and the produced bio-organic fertilizer and bioprotein can increase profits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco business and biological environmental production technical field, more specifically, relate to a kind of chrysomyia megacephala larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of carrying out a biological disposal upon that utilizes and obtain the method for fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously.
Background technology
Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf refers to that illumination deficiency, depauperation, scab are more, and length does not reach requirement, two of the bottoms tobacco leaf (not comprising two tire leaves) of inferior quality after baking; Depauperation, hack bad, length and be less than 35cm, scab is more, roasting after a slice top of inferior quality, be low inferior tobacco leaf, upper tobacco leaf etc.Once inapplicable tobacco leaf enters barn, not only cause tobacco grower to compile the unnecessary wastes such as cigarette, shove charge, baking, classification and fuel, increase ineffective investment, and can cause discarded tobacco leaf to sneak into medium grade cigarette, affect grade purity and tobacco leaf qualification rate.
According to countries tobacco general bureau about putting forth effort optimizing tobacco structure, improving the spirit of quality raw materials effective supply, each tobacco planting district starts the work at the inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of field digestion process, obtain good effect, tobacco leaf hierarchical organization improves, better-than-average cigarette yield ratio gets a promotion, and has been subject to the consistent welcome of counterpart industrial enterprise.
At present, each tobacco planting district mainly takes to concentrate the mode of landfill stack retting to process inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf, but this technical finesse cycle is longer, produces during this time a large amount of waste gas, waste residue and waste liquid, subsequent treatment is more difficult, the local agroecological environment of severe contamination and resident's physical and mental health.Therefore the biological environmental production technology of being badly in need of searching out a kind of non-secondary pollution is carried out a biological disposal upon to inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf.
Chrysomyia megacephala
chrysomya megacephala(Fabricius) be Holo metabola insect, belong to Diptera Diptera, Calliphoridae Calliphoridae, Carysomyia
chrysomya.adult is fat, two compound eye redness, and health is green or blue, is extensively distributing all over the world.Larva maggot formula.The life cycle of chrysomyia megacephala is very short, 28
ounder C condition, be 5 days the growth period of its larva.
Application number is that 201310060956.6 Chinese patent application discloses a kind of housefly and processes inapplicable tobacco leaf and obtain biological protein feedstuff.Fresh inapplicable tobacco leaf powder is broken to 1～5mm, adds wheat bran, system chaff, feather meal and globulin powder and be prepared into compost, inoculation Eggs of Musca Domestica Vicina, hatches larva compost is transformed, and convection drying is prepared into feed containing the compost of common house-fly grub.The selection of auxiliary material and addition play crucial effect to the quality of biological protein feedstuff, this application must adopt the material such as feather meal and globulin powder, also requirement must be by inapplicable broken leaf breaking to 1～5mm, technological requirement is strict, need to use special equipment, and power consumption, in production application, be subject to larger restriction, the biological protein feedstuff preparing, because adopt the tobacco leaf of vast scale, likely remains higher nicotine content in biological protein feedstuff.
Have no at present the technology report that adopts chrysomyia megacephala to carry out a biological disposal upon to inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the deficiency that overcomes existing inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf disposal technology, and a kind of carry out a biological disposal upon method of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of chrysomyia megacephala larva of utilizing is provided.Utilize chrysomyia megacephala larva to carry out bio-transformation to inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf, remove the pollution of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf.
The present invention is based on described method a kind of chrysomyia megacephala larva culture material formula is provided, disposing output Chrysomya megacephala maggot bioprotein and high-quality biological organic fertilizer in inapplicable tobacco leaf, realize the high-efficiency resource recycling of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf, becoming " give up " is treasured.
Object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The invention provides a kind of chrysomyia megacephala larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of carrying out a biological disposal upon that utilizes and obtain the method for fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously, to be mixed with compost after inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf fragment and auxiliary material are stirred, at described compost access chrysomyia megacephala ovum, the chrysomyia megacephala larva hatching carries out bio-transformation to compost, inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf and auxiliary material are converted into biological organic fertilizer, chrysomyia megacephala larva grows into the aging fly maggot of chrysomyia megacephala, results bioprotein;
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of fish meal, chaff powder and sawdust; Described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf fragment and fish meal, chaff powder and sawdust mass ratio are 60～85:5:5:5;
The particle size of described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf fragment is 2～3cm.
Described auxiliary material can also comprise wheat bran, and described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf fragment and fish meal, chaff powder, sawdust and wheat bran mass ratio are 60～85:5:5:5:0～25.
Preferably, described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf fragment and fish meal, chaff powder, sawdust and wheat bran mass ratio are 65:5:5:5:20.
Preferably, refer to the degree of depth≤1cm on the surface described in described compost surface access chrysomyia megacephala ovum.
As optional scheme, described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf compost is made up of each component of following mass percent:
Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf (fragment) 60～85%;
Wheat bran 0～25%
Chaff powder 5%;
Sawdust 5%;
Fish meal 5%.
Preferably, the density that accesses chrysomyia megacephala ovum in compost is: 0.2～2g chrysomyia megacephala ovum/kg compost.
As a kind of technical optimization scheme, the thickness of compost is 6～10cm.
Preferably, described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf is chopped into the fragment of particle diameter 2～3cm.
Particularly, the inventive method comprises the following steps:
S1. collect inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf chopping, add auxiliary material and stir, be mixed with compost;
S2. at compost surface access chrysomyia megacephala ovum described in S1;
S3. chrysomyia megacephala ovum was hatched into larva in the 2nd day, started bio-transformation compost;
S4. through the taking food of chrysomyia megacephala larva 4～5 days, compost changes biological organic fertilizer into; Chrysomyia megacephala larva reaches aging state.
Its fresh base of gained biological organic fertilizer of the present invention is pitchy, moisture is 40～60%, material loosening, odorless, after drying, its content of organic matter of detection, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five content of beary metal etc. all reach the relevant art index request of national biological organic fertilizer.
Preferably, under the temperature conditions of 25～35 DEG C, chrysomyia megacephala ovum is hatched into larva in 2d, starts bio-transformation compost.In the process of chrysomyia megacephala larval growth, also fermentation calefaction gradually of compost.Through taking food of chrysomyia megacephala larva 4～5d, compost becomes pitchy, moisture is reduced to 40～60%, material loosening, odorless, after drying, detect its content of organic matter, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five content of beary metal etc., all reach the relevant art index of national biological organic fertilizer.Now, chrysomyia megacephala larva has reached aging state, climbs out of one after another compost, and searching is dry, pupate in dark place.Can overlap again a larger container outward at culture vessel at the aging front 1d of Chrysomya megacephala maggot, and be sprinkled into therein dry chaff powder, collect easily Chrysomya megacephala maggot.Therefore based on the inventive method, in disposing inapplicable tobacco leaf, not only can obtain the biological organic fertilizer of high-quality, can also obtain this bioprotein of Chrysomya megacephala maggot, its crude protein content is about 50%, and gained bioprotein is not substantially containing nicotine.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
State of the art is processed inapplicable tobacco leaf, or is to be designed to obtain be mixed with the Combination biological feedstuff of insect larvae, or is larva and the worm excrement that can only obtain insect.So the scheme of prior art has two kinds substantially, one is that tobacco leaf is pulverized to obtain to very thin (1～5mm), finally prepare composite biological protein powder by drying together with housefly maggot and cultivation residue material, but the biological albumen powder that this method obtains is containing nicotine; Another kind is inapplicable tobacco leaf need to be carried out to homogenized, and mixed accessories adds thermal agitation and make sizing forage feed insect after cooling, finally obtains larva and the worm excrement of insect.No matter be that inapplicable tobacco leaf powder is broken to grade or homogenate and heat treated, in practical operation, replicability is very restricted, and the cost of pulverizing and homogenized is high.
The present invention thoroughly changes technical thought and the culture material formula of prior art, successfully utilize the Chrysomya megacephala maggot inapplicable tobacco leaf of carrying out a biological disposal upon, on carrying out a biological disposal upon the basis of inapplicable tobacco leaf, science ensures the stabilized growth of chrysomyia megacephala, obtain stable, uniformly better growth result, larva is evenly individual, there is vigor, the biological treatment effect of inapplicable tobacco leaf is also had to significant facilitation, finally collect respectively pure larva (bioprotein) and cultivation residue material (preparing fertilizer) two products, so the present invention only need to or be crushed to 2～3cm by tobacco leaf chopping, rationally adjust auxiliary material collocation, prove it is also effective through actual production, at least can significantly reduce the cost of pulverizing.
Further, through the present invention's design, the bioprotein obtaining is not containing nicotine, and range of application is more extensive.
On general design idea of the present invention basis, sum up and find through a large amount of long-term experiments, the albumen that feather meal and globulin powder contain is mainly keratoprotein, chrysomyia megacephala to these two kinds of albumen powders with and the digestibility of correlation combiner not good, it is good to fish meal digestibility.So the present invention uses a small amount of fish meal in formula, significantly improve the growth result of chrysomyia megacephala larva, process the chrysomyia megacephala larva that formulation material of the present invention obtains individual evenly, have vigor, the biological treatment effect of inapplicable tobacco leaf is also had to significant facilitation.If do not adopt the fish meal of proper proportion, may cause chrysomyia megacephala larval growth slow, the biological treatment effect of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf is not good.If adopt feather meal and globulin powder with reference to prior art, its large usage quantity in formula, sufficient nutrition just may be provided, increase cost, the present invention has significantly reduced the adding proportion of extrinsic protein powder, under unit extrinsic protein powder consumption condition, the relative scale of the inapplicable tobacco leaf of corresponding raising, has strengthened biological treatment ability, removes the pollution of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf.
Its crude protein content of gained Chrysomya megacephala maggot bioprotein of the present invention is about 50%, adopt 10 tons of inapplicable fresh tobacco leafs of the every processing of the inventive method, can produce approximately 3～4 tons of commodity biological organic fertilizers, approximately 0.8～1.2 ton of fresh Chrysomya megacephala maggot, realize the high-efficiency resource recycling of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf, become " giving up " into precious.Disposal ability of the present invention is strong, and after treatment, inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf capacity reduces 60～70%; All can process the inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf clearing out the same day every day, is applicable to each tobacco manufacturing enterprise; It is fast compared with microorganism compost that the inventive method is processed the speed of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf, the a collection of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of every processing, only need 4～5 days, just a large amount of inapplicable fresh tobacco leafs can be converted into high-quality biological organic fertilizer, its nutrient content reaches all technical of national biological organic fertilizer.
Occupied ground of the present invention is few, reusable, does not change land used character, and processing procedure power consumption is low, and discharge is few; Processing cost is low, and produced simultaneously biological organic fertilizer and bioprotein can increase profit.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.For convenience of description, the wheat bran, chaff powder (rice husk meal) and the fish meal that in the embodiment of the present invention, use are feed grade, and buying is from normal diet retail sales shop, and sawdust is the weed tree sawdust (drying) of common furniture factory output, water content≤12%; Wheat bran is crossed 6 mesh sieves, and chaff powder, sawdust and fish meal are crossed 20 mesh sieves.Described fish meal also can adopt import Peru or Chilean fish meal.But therefore do not limit the present invention, those skilled in the art also can use the described auxiliary material in other sources.
Raw material, equipment and the method that the embodiment of the present invention adopts is unless stated otherwise conventional raw material, equipment and the method using in this area.
Embodiment 1
S1. utilize chaffcutter inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf to be chopped into the fragment of particle diameter 2～3cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir, be mixed with compost; Described in S1, culture material formula is shown in Table 1:
Table 1
| Material name | Mass percent (%) |
| Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf (fragment) | 60 |
| Wheat bran | 25 |
| Chaff powder | 5 |
| Sawdust | 5 |
| Fish meal | 5 |
S2. compost is poured in container, the thick 6cm of compost, and at the appropriate chrysomyia megacephala ovum of compost surface access, connects ovum density and is: 0.2g chrysomyia megacephala ovum/kg compost;
S3. chrysomyia megacephala ovum is hatched into larva in 2d, starts decomposition and inversion compost, and in conversion process, the humidity of maintain material is in 60% left and right.At 4d, overlap again a larger container outward at culture vessel, and be sprinkled into therein dry bran powder, collect aging Chrysomya megacephala maggot to facilitate.Through taking food of 5d, chrysomyia megacephala larva has reached aging state, climbs out of one after another compost and falls in larger container, and the Chrysomya megacephala maggot crude protein content of results is about 50%, not containing nicotine.Compost finally becomes pitchy, material loosening, smoke smell free, dry or dry after can be made into biological organic fertilizer.Indices is shown in Table 2:
Table 2
Described biological organic fertilizer is pitchy, material loosening, and odorless, after drying, moisture is not more than 25%.Detect the technical requirement that its content of organic matter, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five content of beary metal etc. all reach national biological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example
Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf is ground into the powder of particle diameter 1～2mm, be made into compost according to inapplicable tobacco leaf powder 65%, wheat bran 20%, system chaff 5%, feather meal 5%, globulin powder 5%, other are with reference to embodiment 1, access chrysomyia megacephala ovum, chrysomyia megacephala ovum is hatched into larva in 2d, starts decomposition and inversion compost.Chrysomyia megacephala larval growth is slow, and have gradually chrysomyia megacephala larva to climb out of compost through taking food of about 8d and fall in larger container, but individuality is less, and can not normally pupate (not reaching aging state).10 tons of inapplicable fresh tobacco leafs of the every processing of this comparative example, can produce approximately 4～5 tons of commodity biological organic fertilizers, approximately 0.4～0.6 ton of fresh Chrysomya megacephala maggot.
Embodiment 2
S1. utilize chaffcutter inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf to be chopped into the fragment of particle diameter 2～3cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir, be mixed with compost; Described in S1, culture material formula is shown in Table 3:
Table 3
| Material name | Mass percent (%) |
| Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf (fragment) | 75 |
| Wheat bran | 10 |
| Chaff powder | 5 |
| Sawdust | 5 |
| Fish meal | 5 |
S2. compost is poured in container, the thick 8cm of compost, and at the appropriate chrysomyia megacephala ovum of compost surface access, connects ovum density and is: 1.0g chrysomyia megacephala ovum/kg compost;
S3. chrysomyia megacephala ovum is hatched into larva in 2d, starts decomposition and inversion compost, and in conversion process, the humidity of maintain material is in 60% left and right.At 4d, overlap again a larger container outward at culture vessel, and be sprinkled into therein dry bran powder, collect aging Chrysomya megacephala maggot to facilitate.Through taking food of 5d, chrysomyia megacephala larva has reached aging state, climbs out of one after another compost and falls in larger container, and the Chrysomya megacephala maggot crude protein content of results is about 50%, not containing nicotine.Compost finally becomes pitchy, material loosening, smoke smell free, dry or dry after can be made into biological organic fertilizer.Indices is shown in Table 4:
Table 4
| Project | Embodiment 2 fertilizers | Organic fertilizer professional standard (NY 525-2011) |
| Organic mass fraction (to dry base), % | ≥47 | ≥45 |
| The mass fraction (to dry base) of total nutrient (nitrogen+phosphorus pentoxide+potassium oxide), % | ≥5.6 | ≥5.0 |
| The mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample), % | ≤25 | ≤30 |
| Acid-base value, pH | 7.5 | 5.5～8.5 |
| Total arsenic (As) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≤10 | ≤15 |
| Total mercury (Hg) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≤1 | ≤2 |
| Total plumbous (Pb) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≤10 | ≤50 |
| Total cadmium (Cd) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≤3 | ≤3 |
| Total chromium (Cr) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≤10 | ≤150 |
Described biological organic fertilizer is pitchy, material loosening, and odorless, after drying, moisture is not more than 25%.Detect the technical requirement that its content of organic matter, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five content of beary metal etc. all reach national biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
S1. utilize chaffcutter inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf to be chopped into the fragment of particle diameter 2～3cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir, be mixed with compost; Described in S1, culture material formula is shown in Table 5:
Table 5
| Material name | Mass percent (%) |
| Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf (fragment) | 85 |
| Wheat bran | 0 |
| Chaff powder | 5 |
| Sawdust | 5 |
| Fish meal | 5 |
S2. compost is poured in container, the thick 10cm of compost, and at the appropriate chrysomyia megacephala ovum of compost surface access, connects ovum density and is: 2.0g chrysomyia megacephala ovum/kg compost;
S3. chrysomyia megacephala ovum is hatched into larva in 2d, starts decomposition and inversion compost, and in conversion process, the humidity of maintain material is in 60% left and right.At 4d, overlap again a larger container outward at culture vessel, and be sprinkled into therein dry bran powder, collect aging Chrysomya megacephala maggot to facilitate.Through taking food of 5d, chrysomyia megacephala larva has reached aging state, climbs out of one after another compost and falls in larger container, and the Chrysomya megacephala maggot crude protein content of results is about 50%, not containing nicotine.Compost finally becomes pitchy, material loosening, smoke smell free, dry or dry after can be made into biological organic fertilizer.Indices is shown in Table 6:
Table 6
| Project | Embodiment 3 fertilizers | Organic fertilizer professional standard (NY 525-2011) |
| Organic mass fraction (to dry base), % | ≥46 | ≥45 |
| The mass fraction (to dry base) of total nutrient (nitrogen+phosphorus pentoxide+potassium oxide), % | ≥5.0 | ≥5.0 |
| The mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample), % | ≤25 | ≤30 |
| Acid-base value, pH | 6.8 | 5.5～8.5 |
| Total arsenic (As) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≤10 | ≤15 |
| Total mercury (Hg) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≤1 | ≤2 |
| Total plumbous (Pb) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≦10 | ≦50 |
| Total cadmium (Cd) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≦3 | ≦3 |
| Total chromium (Cr) (to dry base), mg/kg | ≦10 | ≦150 |
Described biological organic fertilizer is pitchy, material loosening, and odorless, after drying, moisture is not more than 25%.Detect the technical requirement that its content of organic matter, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five content of beary metal etc. all reach national biological organic fertilizer.
As calculated, 10 tons of inapplicable fresh tobacco leafs of the every processing of the present invention, can produce approximately 3～4 tons of commodity biological organic fertilizers, and approximately 0.8～1.2 ton of fresh Chrysomya megacephala maggot, containing nicotine, is not the bioprotein of high-quality.The fresh Chrysomya megacephala maggot growth of gained evenly, individual large, energetic.The present invention realizes the high-efficiency resource recycling of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf, becomes " giving up " into precious.Disposal ability of the present invention is strong, and after treatment, inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf capacity reduces 60～70%; All can process the inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf clearing out the same day every day, and occupied ground is few, reusable, do not change land used character, and processing procedure power consumption is low, and discharge is few, is applicable to each tobacco manufacturing enterprise and tobacco planting individuality and enterprise.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is utilized the chrysomyia megacephala larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of carrying out a biological disposal upon to obtain the method for fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously, it is characterized in that, to be mixed with compost after inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf fragment and auxiliary material are stirred, at described compost access chrysomyia megacephala ovum, the chrysomyia megacephala larva hatching carries out bio-transformation to compost, inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf and auxiliary material are converted into biological organic fertilizer, and chrysomyia megacephala larva grows into the aging fly maggot of chrysomyia megacephala, results bioprotein;
Described compost is made up of each component of following mass percent:
Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf 60～85%;
Wheat bran 0～25%;
Chaff powder 5%;
Sawdust 5%;
Fish meal 5%;
Described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf is chopped into the fragment of particle diameter 2～3cm.
2. utilize according to claim 1 the chrysomyia megacephala larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of carrying out a biological disposal upon to obtain the method for fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously, it is characterized in that, described compost is made up of each component of following mass percent:
Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf 65%;
Wheat bran 20%;
Chaff powder 5%;
Sawdust 5%;
Fish meal 5%.
3. utilize according to claim 1 the chrysomyia megacephala larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of carrying out a biological disposal upon to obtain the method for fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously, it is characterized in that, the density that accesses chrysomyia megacephala ovum in compost is: 0.2～2g chrysomyia megacephala ovum/kg compost.
4. utilize according to claim 1 the chrysomyia megacephala larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of carrying out a biological disposal upon to obtain the method for fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously, it is characterized in that, the thickness of described compost is 6～10cm.
5. adopt claim 1 to 4 any one method to process the bioprotein that inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf obtains.
6. adopt claim 1 to 4 any one method to process the biological organic fertilizer that inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf obtains.
7. utilize the carry out a biological disposal upon method of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of chrysomyia megacephala larva according to claim 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1. collect the fragment that inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf is chopped into particle diameter 2～3cm, add fish meal, chaff powder, sawdust and wheat bran and stir, be mixed with compost;
S2. at compost surface access chrysomyia megacephala ovum described in S1;
S3. chrysomyia megacephala ovum was hatched into larva in the 2nd day, started bio-transformation compost;
S4. through the taking food of chrysomyia megacephala larva 4～5 days, compost changes biological organic fertilizer into; The aging bioprotein that obtains of chrysomyia megacephala larva.
8. utilize according to claim 7 the carry out a biological disposal upon method of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of chrysomyia megacephala larva, it is characterized in that, described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf compost is made up of each component of following mass percent:
Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf 60～85%;
Wheat bran 0～25%;
Chaff powder 5%;
Sawdust 5%;
Fish meal 5%.
9. described in employing claim 7, method is processed the bioprotein that inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf obtains.
10. described in employing claim 7, method is processed the biological organic fertilizer that inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf obtains.
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