JP4262770B1 - Production method of poultry feed - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a production method for producing a fermented feed product for poultry that can be stored for a long time from rice residues.
A method for producing poultry feed comprising aerobically fermenting a mixture of rice residue, rice straw, and hay cubes, wherein the mixture comprises 83 to 83 rice residues, rice cakes, and hay cubes. It is the manufacturing method of the said feed for poultry formed by mixing by 87: 3-7: 8-12 (weight ratio).
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing poultry feed.

As lifestyles diversify and consumer consciousness changes drastically, large quantities of food are discarded at the production and distribution stages. In addition, a large amount of residue (leftover food waste) is generated at the consumption stage, and resources for many foods are wasted. The situation surrounding waste is serious, and the environmental burden caused by these has become a major social problem.
Against this backdrop, the Food Recycling Law was enforced in fiscal 2006, and while continuing to reduce the burden on the environment by reducing the generation of food waste and promoting the effective use of food recycling resources, It was established with the aim of building a recycling-oriented society that can develop. The Food Recycling Law aims to increase the recycling rate to 20% by FY2006. “Suppression of occurrence” to reduce the occurrence of food waste itself, “Recycling” to recycle useful food waste, “Reduction” to reduce the amount of food waste, and appropriately select these , Alone or in combination, to achieve the goal.
In addition, the spread of biofuels has increased the prices of corn and soybeans. Biofuels make extensive use of plants. In order to increase the production of biofuel, a large amount of plants are required. However, since the cultivated area of the crops used cannot increase rapidly, the current crops to be produced will be shared, and eventually the prices of the crops that have been used are rising due to the low price.
In Japan, the food self-sufficiency rate is around 40%. In the case of poultry feed, 100% of the feed is reliant on imported feed, and some farmers are forced to go out of business. For this reason, livestock organizations are trying to increase self-sufficiency feed production and food waste feed, but the current situation is not.
When a large amount of rice residue is generated, disposal is entrusted to an industrial waste disposal contractor. The rice residue has the following characteristics because 180cc of water is added to each container and returned so that the in-house processing can proceed smoothly.
・ High moisture content and fast decay.
・ Hand towel tissue is mixed, and it takes time to remove.
・ Occurrence date is limited to around 250 days per year, and stable supply is not possible throughout the year.
・ The amount generated is as large as 1000kg per day.
Regarding the use of leftover food waste in the agricultural field, it has been used by chicken farmers and pig farmers, but there are cases in which the use was stopped within one month. What led to the discontinuation of use?
1. Cannot be stored due to high moisture content and fast decay.
2. Occurrence date is limited and stable salary is not possible.
3. The house was very dirty.
4. It takes time to remove impurities.
5. The color of egg yolk became lighter and complaints were received.
It was found that the use was discontinued for the reason.
In addition, what kind of feed (feed conditions) you can use,
・ Does not contain harmful substances that adversely affect livestock.
・ There is no problem with the taste of livestock.
・ Does not adversely affect the product.
・ Low price ・ Nutritional value is stable throughout the year.
・ There is no need to remove impurities.
・ Stable supply throughout the year.
However, 7 points were pointed out. As a method of reusing leftovers, supply saturated steam to the leftovers, stir, dissolve the leftovers, and supply heated steam to the leftovers. Although a method for making feed from leftovers for drying leftovers etc. is disclosed (for example, refer to Patent Document 1), a large apparatus for heat treatment and a steam heat source are required for the processing, and there is a problem in energy consumption accompanying the processing. is there.
Therefore, development of a method for reusing leftover food using fermentation that does not require a large amount of energy consumption is desired.
Therefore, we decided to study whether the seven feed conditions could be cleared by fermenting rice residues that could not be fed to livestock in this state by using a garbage processing machine.
When fermenting was performed using a garbage processing machine, it was found that a dumpling state was formed immediately and fermentation did not progress, and the inventors of the present application have studied the fermentation method for 9 years.
JP 2000-41588 A

  It is intended to provide a method for producing poultry feed that can be stored for a long time from rice residues by applying fermentation technology.

  The gist of the present invention is a method for producing poultry feed characterized by aerobic fermentation of a mixture of rice residue, rice bran, and hay cube.

  The gist of the present invention is that the mixture is a method for producing poultry feed in which rice residue, rice bran, and hay cube are mixed at 83 to 87% by weight, 3 to 7% by weight, and 8 to 12% by weight, respectively. It is.

  The gist of the present invention is a method for producing poultry feed, characterized in that the mixture and the fermentation bed are mixed and subjected to aerobic fermentation.

  The gist of the present invention is a method for producing poultry feed wherein the fermentation bed is obtained by aerobic fermentation of bran.

  The gist of the present invention is a method for producing a poultry feed in which the moisture content of the rice residue is 50 to 60% by weight.

  The gist of the present invention is the method for producing a poultry feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water content of the mixture is 50 to 60% by weight.

  The gist of the present invention is a production method for poultry use in which the fermentation temperature during aerobic fermentation of the mixture is controlled to be 50 ° C to 70 ° C.

  The gist of the present invention is a method for producing poultry feed in which the aerobic fermentation time of the mixture is 18 to 24 hours.

  The gist of the present invention is a method for producing a poultry feed, wherein the water content of the poultry feed at the time of 24 hours of the mixture is 7 to 14% by weight.

  The rice residue is mixed with wet tissue for hand towels, which has the disadvantage that it takes time to remove foreign substances. there were. Therefore, fermented rice left as a compost in a fermenter and used as a feed can be easily converted into a feed, and helps to improve a self-contained feed.

  The amount of rice residue produced is unstable at all times, and due to the characteristics of the school lunch center, the date of occurrence is limited to around 250 days per year. Therefore, the rice residue is fermented as compost in a fermenter to reduce the water content to 14% or less, so that it can be stored for a long period of time.

  Disposal is entrusted to industrial waste disposal contractors and most of them are incinerated. However, composting helps to improve the addition to the global environment.

When using rice residue as it is for livestock feed, the rice residue has a lot of moisture, and it quickly rots in the summer, causing odors and generating large amounts of firewood and mosquitoes. However, it can be easily converted into feed according to the present invention, and is useful for environmental improvement by fermentation treatment.

  In this invention, the mixture formed by mixing rice residue, rice crackers and hay cubes is subjected to aerobic fermentation.

  The rice residue is leftover food waste generated from a rice meal center or home, and has a moisture content of 65 to 85% by weight. In many cases, wet tissue is mixed.

  Boiled rice is a by-product generated in the process of buffing, and the waterboil used in the present invention preferably has a moisture content of 3 to 7% by weight.

  Hay cubes are grass blocks of 100% timothy, and most have a moisture content of 8 to 12% by weight used as cattle feed.

  The process for producing poultry feed of the present invention is shown in the process diagram of FIG. In FIG. 1, a mixture consisting of rice residue, rice crackers and hay cubes to be fermented is mixed in a fermentation bed and fermented with a fermenter at a predetermined temperature and time to obtain a poultry feed. The fermentation bed is prepared by mixing bran, water and aerobic bacteria. The numerical values in FIG. 1 are representative values in the method for producing poultry feed of the present invention, the fermented rice bran is the moisture content of the fermentation bed, the fermentation target is the weight ratio of each component, and the poultry feed is Moisture content.

  The optimal moisture content of the rice residue during aerobic fermentation is preferably 50 to 60% by weight. Fermentation is also possible for those exceeding this range.

  The optimal mixing ratio of rice residue, rice bran, and hay cube is 83 to 87% by weight, 3 to 7% by weight, and 8 to 12% by weight.

  The fermentation temperature during aerobic fermentation is preferably 50 ° C to 70 ° C, and the heater and sir are also adjusted with a stat. The heater is turned on when the temperature falls below 50 ° C, and the heater stops when the temperature rises above 70 ° C. It is preferable to do.

  In order to accelerate the fermentation at high speed, the temperature of the fermenting microorganism is controlled to 50 ℃ ~ 70 ℃ immediately after the fermentation of organic waste. During aerobic fermentation, stirring and stopping are performed every hour. It is preferable to produce poultry feed while ensuring sufficient air volume for microbial activity.

  Aerobic fermentation is performed by the above fermentation method, and the fermentation time is preferably 18 to 24 hours.

  An additive for promoting or adjusting fermentation may be added to the mixture.

  Prior to the introduction of the mixture, 40 kg of bran and 15 to 30 liters of water are introduced into the fermentor, the water content is adjusted to a range of 50% to 60%, aerobic bacteria are introduced, and about 24 It is preferable to produce a fermentation bed by performing a fermentation process over time.

  As a microorganism that promotes fermentation, it decomposes hemicelluloses and celluloses that secrete amylase producing bacteria that decompose sugars into carbon dioxide and water, and fungal fungi and proteins that break down ammonia, water, and carbon dioxide. It is preferable to use a group of microorganisms composed of actinomycetes and filamentous fungi that produce carbon dioxide and water.

  As a fermentation apparatus, a high-speed fermentation treatment type (dry compost type) garbage processing machine can be used.

The poultry feed produced by the above fermentation method is finished in a powder form and has good palatability.

  The rice residue is collected from the Shiga Rice Cooking Center in Ukawa, Mizuguchi-cho, Shiga Prefecture, and has a moisture content of 65 to 85% by weight.

  Fermentation conditions are using a garbage processing machine for a daily processing amount of 20 kg, and from Monday to Friday according to the date of occurrence of the rice meal center, rice residues 10000g to 15000g, rice cakes 500g to 750g, hay cubes 1000g to 1500g Are mixed every day, operation is stopped on Saturday and Sunday, mixing is repeated again from Monday, the temperature is maintained at 60 ° C during aerobic fermentation, the fermentation time is 24 hours, and moisture is removed with an exhaust fan during operation. It was.

  The water content of the mixture was 85% by weight of rice residue, 5% by weight, and 10% by weight of hay cubes.

  The water content of the poultry feed obtained by the aerobic fermentation treatment is finished in a powder form of 10% by weight.

  The dose of feed in the examples is 1 ward, 120 g per bird of commercial concentrated feed per day, 2 ku, 108 g per bird of commercially available concentrated feed per day, and the dose of poultry feed per bird per day 12g.

  In the case of laying hens, the hens bred in the examples were laid with 10 cages in each test area using “laying chicken maple” and “sakura egg” from Goto's egg farm and investigated for 365 days. In the case of meat chickens as well, 10 meat flats were raised in 1 square meter of each test area using the meat seeds from Goto Incubatorium, and the survey was conducted for 70 days.

  The graphs of FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 are the results of conducting a 365-day survey of caged 10 laying hens in each test group.

  In Figure 1, Figure 3, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4, 1200 g of commercially available concentrated feed was administered daily. Section 2 is a test section where 1080 g of commercially available concentrated feed and 120 g of poultry feed were administered daily.

  FIG. 2 shows the results of examining the number of eggs laid and the egg laying rate in each test section. Looking at the egg-laying rate, which shows the proportion of chickens that actually laid eggs, out of the total number of chicks cultivated in 365 days in each test zone, the egg-laying rate was higher in the 2 wards that were fed poultry feed. The reason why the number of eggs laid in white hens was lower than in Section 1 was that dead chickens were generated due to bad habits during the survey period.

  FIG. 3 shows the results of determining the total egg collection amount and the average egg weight per piece collected during the test period. By administering poultry feed, the average egg weight per piece is slightly reduced.

  FIG. 4 shows the results of investigating the number and rate of occurrence of abnormal eggs such as broken eggs and streak eggs that occurred during the test period. When poultry feed is administered, the incidence of abnormal eggs is slightly reduced.

  In FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, Lx, a, and Bx are values that represent spectral reflectances, Lx is a value that represents the brightness and brightness of a color, a is a value that represents redness and greenness, and Ba is a value. When the L value is close to 0, the color is black. When the L value is close to 100, the color is bright. If the value of a is positive, it shows reddish color, and if the value of a is negative, it shows green. If the B value is in the positive direction, it shows yellow, and if the B value is in the negative direction, it shows blue.

  FIG. 5 is a graph showing the average value of egg yolk of red hens bred with poultry feed obtained by the method for producing poultry feed. Improvement in egg yolk can be seen by administering poultry feed.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the average value of egg yolk of castle eggs hens raised with poultry feed obtained by the method for producing poultry feed. Improvement in egg yolk can be seen by administering poultry feed.

Table 2 shows the incidence of contaminated eggs in which feces, blood and contents adhere to the eggshell among the eggs examined during the test period. By administering poultry feed, the adhesion of feces, blood and contents is also reduced.

  Tables 3 and 4 show the results of a survey on the cleavage of whole eggs every Wednesday.

Table 3 shows the blood clot eggs with blood (blood spots) attached to the surface of the yolk when the egg is broken when the egg is broken and when the egg is broken. It is the result of investigating the number of occurrence and the occurrence rate. In red hens, when poultry feed was administered, both meat and clot eggs decreased, while in white hens, clot eggs increased slightly.

Table 4 shows the results of investigating the thickness of each eggshell and finding the average value when the eggs are broken. Administration of poultry feed resulted in a slight improvement in eggshell thickness.

  FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 and Table 5 show the results of raising 10 young chickens (broilers) per square meter for 70 days.

  In FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 and Table 5, Section 1 is a test section where a commercially available concentrated feed was administered by a 100% continuous feeding method. Zone 2 is a test zone in which 90% of commercially available concentrated feed and 10% of poultry feed are mixed and administered by the continuous feeding method.

  7 and 8, regarding the change in body weight, the chickens (2 wards) grown with the poultry feed of the present invention are the same as the chickens (1 ward) raised with commercially available concentrated feed for both males and females. It turns out that it was a growth state.

表５は、試験期間中の飼料給与量と1羽当たりの平均給与量を調査した結果である。家禽用飼料を給与した場合、１羽当たりの平均給与量は改善される。

Table 5 shows the results of an investigation of the feed supply during the test period and the average supply per bird. When poultry feed is fed, the average feed per bird is improved.

It is a figure showing the manufacturing process of the feed for poultry of this invention. It is a graph showing the egg-laying number and egg-laying rate of the chicken reared with the poultry feed obtained by the method for producing poultry feed of the present invention. It is a graph showing the total egg collection amount and average egg weight of the chicken raised with the poultry feed obtained by the method for producing poultry feed of the present invention. It is a graph showing the abnormal egg generation | occurrence | production number and incidence of the chicken raised with the poultry feed obtained by the manufacturing method of the poultry feed of this invention. It is a graph showing the egg yolk of the red egg chicken raised with the feed for poultry obtained by the manufacturing method of the poultry feed of this invention. It is a graph showing the egg yolk of the white egg chicken raised with the poultry feed obtained by the manufacturing method of the poultry feed of the present invention. It is a graph showing the change of the body weight of the male chicken reared with the feed for poultry obtained by the manufacturing method of the feed for poultry of this invention. It is a graph showing the change of the body weight of the female chicken reared with the feed for poultry obtained by the manufacturing method of the poultry feed of this invention.

Claims (1)

Aerobic fermentation of rice residue, rice husk and hay cube with a moisture content of 65 to 80% by weight, and a mixture and bran mixed with 83 to 87%, 3 to 7% and 8 to 12% by weight, respectively. A method for producing poultry feed, wherein the fermented bed is mixed and aerobically fermented to reduce the water content to 14% by weight or less .

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