CN101225004B - A kind of preparation method of producing soil biological fertilizer by using compound fermentation agent - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of producing soil biological fertilizer by using compound fermentation agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN101225004B CN101225004B CN2008100335071A CN200810033507A CN101225004B CN 101225004 B CN101225004 B CN 101225004B CN 2008100335071 A CN2008100335071 A CN 2008100335071A CN 200810033507 A CN200810033507 A CN 200810033507A CN 101225004 B CN101225004 B CN 101225004B
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- CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N bacitracin A Chemical compound C1SC([C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)CC)=N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](CCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2N=CNC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCCCC1 CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种利用复合固体发酵剂生产土壤生物肥料的产品及制作过程，其特征在于：其发酵剂由能有效分解作物秸秆和畜禽粪便的多种微生物和酶制剂组成，在生产过程中采用糖水解液作活化剂，通过厌氧复合发酵，巧妙的利用大量作物秸秆和畜禽粪便中不同的营养组分，生产一种肥效高、成本低、周期短的土壤生物肥料，能有效改善土壤团粒结构、增加土壤腐殖质、减少生物病虫害的发生。是一种安全高效、生产成本低的生态农业产品，便于在大型养殖场、种植场推广的农业技术产品。The invention relates to a product and production process of soil bio-fertilizer using a composite solid leavening agent. Using sugar hydrolyzate as an activator, through anaerobic compound fermentation, a large amount of crop stalks and different nutritional components in livestock and poultry manure are skillfully used to produce a soil bio-fertilizer with high fertilizer efficiency, low cost and short cycle, which can effectively improve Soil aggregate structure, increase soil humus, reduce the occurrence of biological diseases and insect pests. It is an ecological agricultural product that is safe, efficient, and low in production cost, and is an agricultural technology product that is easy to promote in large farms and plantations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of making method of utilizing compound ferment to produce soil biological fertilizer, utilize the complex ferment of feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw, production fertilizer efficiency height, the bio-feritlizer that the cycle is short, cost is low, mainly be applied in the planting soil, can significantly improve the soil fertilizer efficiency, improve soil aggregate, reduce the generation of disease and pest, belong to the agro-ecology product scope.
Background technology
The quickening of current breed industry size speed; feces of livestock and poultry is bulk deposition in plant; local breeding environment and air ambient have been badly influenced; and the problem that agricultural crop straw is piled up in the current growing industry is also serious day by day; a large amount of can not get of gathering in are utilized timely and are decomposed; except on-site incineration, can not find the economical and practical way of utilizing.Caused more and more serious coenocorrelation to pollute, in Shandong, some the oversized pig farm and the plantations in Jiangsu, almost swallowed up by feces of livestock and poultry and crop material in whole plant and kind place, reason owing to technology and fund, these feces of livestock and poultry, crop material can not effectively utilize by fermentation methane, can only constantly pile up or be washed near the river, cause multiple pollution, utilize the processing of feces of livestock and poultry and agricultural crop straw to improve environment and arrived instant stage from air ambient to plantation, breeding environment.
In the production practice at present feces of livestock and poultry is mainly adopted the method for heap ballad, promptly carry out thermophilic fermentation and become compost, this mode low characteristics of simple cost that possess skills, but it is big also to have floor space simultaneously, the shortcoming of heap ballad time long (general 15-20 days), content of cellulose is high because self moisture content is low for crop material, general microbiological degradation is very difficult, so often adopting physical method pulverizes, soak, methods such as boiling, reduce its crude fiber content, be made into feed by adding other feedstuff raw materials then, be mainly used in ruminating animal, because making processes is loaded down with trivial details, having needs to add a large amount of feedstuff raw materials, so its production cost height, cycle is long, also very limited (the content of cellulose height of range of application, can only be owing to ruminating animal), effect is little when handling a large amount of stalk like this.
By at China Intellectual Property Office's patent retrieval query site, at present, openly be called the patent of plant soil modifier, the patent No. is CN1320675, is made after evenly stirring by polyacrylamide resin, silicate magnesium powder, urea and carrier weighting material; This plant soil modifier moiety and complete processing are simple, and only the physical behavior to soil changes to some extent, can not solve in the soil that potential of hydrogen is too high, soil compaction causes in the soil solution degradation root problem under the oxygen content amount.Another is the patent of composite biological fertilizer by name openly, the patent No. is CN1380271, composite biological fertilizer,, under aerobic condition, form by sterilized water, glucose, subtilis, bacillus mycoides, azotobacter, streptomyces microflavus, silicate bacteria and yeast through adding strain fermentation successively; Cultivate owing to bacterial classification is not carried out compound domestication, what play a major role in this bacterial manure is metabolic substd, can't the fungus strain benign balance in the soil be exerted an influence.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of can directly restoreing abandoned land to cultivation, solve the making method of utilizing compound ferment production soil biological fertilizer that feces of livestock and poultry and stalk are piled up on the spot in the plantation original place.
For realizing above purpose, technical scheme of the present invention provides a kind of making method of utilizing compound ferment to produce soil biological fertilizer, it is characterized in that, the common bacterial classification that adopts the Ministry of Agriculture's 658 bulletin permission interpolations is as starter, and crop material and feces of livestock and poultry complex ferment with the plantation add auxiliary material again, be made into organic content height, bio-organic fertilizer that production cost is low, can be directly used in the soil tillage, improve edatope, its method is:
The first step: preparation composite solid starter:
Following raw material with purchase: genus bacillus 1.5-2.5 part, Lactobacterium acidophilum 2-2.5 part, yeast 0.5-0.8 part, mucormycosis 0.8-1 part, cellulase 0.2-0.5 part, hemicellulase 0.2-0.5 part mix by weight;
Second step: the oven dry of crop material and cutting:
(1) oven dry of crop material: with silage Tumble Dry to water content be 10-15%;
(2) cutting of crop material: stalk or dry straw after will drying cut in cutting machine, and the length after the cutting is 1.5-3.5cm;
The 3rd step: the pulverizing of crop material:
Crop material after the cutting in crusher for crushing, is pulverized the back and crossed 20 purpose vibratory screening apparatuss, continue to be crushed to below 20 orders greater than 20 purpose particles;
The 4th step: add feces of livestock and poultry:
Add fresh feces of livestock and poultry in the stalk particle after pulverizing, the weight ratio of interpolation is 100: 25-30 after the interpolation mixes both;
The 5th step: add solid fermentation agent and sugared hydrolyzed solution:
(1), with the mixture in the above step 4 according to 100: the solid fermentation agent that the weight ratio of 4-5 is added in the step 1 also mixes;
(2), with said mixture by 100: the weight ratio of 0.1-0.5 is added sugared hydrolyzed solution, places under 30 ℃ of-40 ℃ of conditions 3-4 hour;
The 6th step: anaerobism complex ferment:
Mixture after the sugared hydrolyzed solution activated spawn double-deck black plastic bag of packing into will be added, put into sweathouse or fermentation vat, under 30 ℃ of-35 ℃ of temperature ferment at constant temperature 5-7 days, fermentation secondary fermentation thing is a Vandyke brown sawmilling shape particle, the former stink of no material, ammonia flavor is arranged slightly, produces white hypha in the heap, moisture during for 30-40% fermentation finish.
Described crop material is maize straw, broomcorn straw, rice straw or wheat straw stalk; Described sugared hydrolyzed solution is saturated hydrolyzed solution of sucrose or molasses hydrolyzed solution;
The present invention utilizes the method for feces of livestock and poultry and crop material, by suitable proportioning, utilize microbial starter culture to handle and reach balanced two kinds of nutritive ingredients, produce fertilizer efficiency height, short organic fertilizer of cycle, can directly restore abandoned land to cultivation in the plantation original place, solve the influence of feces of livestock and poultry and stalk accumulation on the spot breed, planting environment.
It in the crop material robust fibre, main component after it decomposes is a Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, its chemical constitution is a glucide, but at normal temperature, Chang Ya decomposes very difficult down, because its special dense structure has been formed plant cell wall and axis, the main component of bar, but, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose but is effectively to increase the loosing soil degree in soil, the important substance of oxygen level in the planting soil is provided, the use of at present a large amount of chemical fertilizer is that soil acidity or alkalinity improves constantly, the soil compaction degree constantly increases, the Mierocrystalline cellulose after robust fibre decomposes, hemicellulose is the loosing soil degree significantly, reduces potential of hydrogen in the soil solution.
Feces of livestock and poultry mainly is made up of metabolite and the nitrogenous metabolic waste of part behind the livestock and poultry alimentary tract decomposition absorption feed, wherein also contain a certain amount of Mierocrystalline cellulose, contain organic substances such as urea simultaneously, so be the main source of farm manure, farm manure has the fertilizer efficiency height and persistent characteristics, but owing to be easy to growing and also having the intravital parasitic ovum of livestock and poultry of worm's ovum simultaneously, so when increasing the soil fertilizer efficiency, also can increase the incidence of insect pest in the root system of plant, the content of worm's ovum is the prerequisite that guarantees the crop fertilizer efficiency in the feces of livestock and poultry so effectively reduce.
Be not difficult to find by above analysis: crop material and feces of livestock and poultry are providing the soil with organic matter source, are improving the soil compaction degree and improve in the soil fertilizer efficiency complementary effect is arranged, as long as make full use of the nitrogenous meta-bolites in the coarse-fibred resolvent and feces of livestock and poultry in the stalk, kill the objectionable impuritiess such as parasitic ovum in the feces of livestock and poultry simultaneously, just can produce fertilizer efficiency height, bio-feritlizer that cost is low, significantly improve the structure and the fertilizer efficiency of planting soil.
The present invention utilizes coarse-fibred bacterial classification in the obscure crop material of multiple energy, anaerobically fermenting under 30-35 ℃ temperature condition, add cellulase and hemicellulase, robust fibre in the stalk is decomposed into Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, after finishing, fermentation adds the sugared hydrolyzed solution of 0.1-0.5% simultaneously, hemicellulose is wherein continued to be decomposed into the nutritive ingredient that glucose etc. can directly be absorbed by crop, add simultaneously feces of livestock and poultry during the fermentation, regulate moisture, utilize Lactobacterium acidophilum simultaneously, lactic acid and bacitracin that genus bacillus produces, kill the parasitic ovum in the ight soil, have the loosing soil of raising degree thereby produce, increase the bio-feritlizer of organonitrogen content in the soil.
Product of the present invention also has a large amount of probioticss and active metabolite except effectively improving crop such as organonitrogen, carbohydrate can directly absorb in the soil nutrition fertilizer efficiency, improve the loosing soil degree, reducing potential of hydrogen in the soil solution.Can in soil, form stable system, the various organic substances that in such system, produce such as amino acid, carbohydrate, VITAMIN, Ester and physiologically active substance etc., not only absorbed by plant easily, and can become other beneficial microorganism matrix, from the ionic angle, also can produce the material with active effect of many nonionicizations, the effect of highly significant is arranged for the formation of soil water-stable granular structure.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, makes full use of stalk fibre cellulose content height and organic content is few, livestock and poultry feces of livestock and poultry organic content height and the few different characteristics of content of cellulose, two kinds are combined, effectively eliminated a large amount of crop materials and feces of livestock and poultry disadvantageous effect breeding environment, planting environment;
2, utilize microbial strains that robust fibre in the stalk is fermented, can effectively decompose and utilize Mierocrystalline celluloses a large amount of in the stalk, hemicellulose, its floor space is little, cost is low, and the bio-feritlizer of producing can be directly used in planting soil, has accomplished benign ecological material cycle;
3, adopt sugared hydrolyzed solution to make activator, promptly improved the decomposition efficiency of fermentation,, reached double effects by having increased the glucose that can directly be absorbed in the soil and fertilizer by crop;
4, the bacterial classification that is adopted is the bacterial classification that allows in the Ministry of Agriculture's 658 bulletins in feed adds, safety is without any side effects, ill effects such as the soil compaction that the soil biological fertilizer of production can effectively avoid using chemical fertilizer to bring is serious, fertilizer efficiency reduction, potential of hydrogen rising;
5, the anaerobic ferment process equipment requirements that adopts in this process of producing product is low, site requirements is low, and fermentation time is short, can use in plant, plantation large-scale popularization.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The first step: preparation composite solid starter:
The following raw material of buying is mixed by weight: 1.5 parts of subtilises (Bacilluslicheniformis), 2 parts of Lactobacterium acidophilums (Lactobacillus plantarum), yeast (Candida sp.﹠amp; Saccharomyces sp.) 0.5 part, 0.8 part of mucormycosis (Mucor sp.), 0.2 part of cellulase, 0.2 part of hemicellulase;
Second step: as the oven dry and the cutting of stalk:
(1) oven dry of silo crop stalk: silage is Tumblied Dry to moisture 10%, and this crop material is maize straw, broomcorn straw, rice straw or wheat straw stalk;
(2) cutting of crop material: stalk or dry straw after will drying cut in cutting machine, and the length after the cutting is 1.5-3.5cm;
The 3rd step: the pulverizing of stalk:
Crop material after the cutting in crusher for crushing, is pulverized the back and crossed 20 purpose vibratory screening apparatuss, continue to be crushed to below 20 orders greater than 20 purpose particles;
The 4th step: add feces of livestock and poultry:
Add fresh feces of livestock and poultry in the stalk particle after pulverizing, the weight ratio of interpolation is 100: 25, after the interpolation both is mixed;
The 5th step: add solid fermentation agent and sugared hydrolyzed solution:
(1), the mixture in the above step 4 is added the solid fermentation agent in the step 1 according to 100: 4 weight ratio and mix;
(2), said mixture is added sugared hydrolyzed solution by 100: 0.2 weight ratio, under 30-40 ℃ of condition, placed 3-4 hour;
The 6th step: anaerobism complex ferment:
With adding mixture after the sugared hydrolyzed solution activated spawn double-deck black plastic bag of packing into, put into sweathouse or fermentation vat, ferment at constant temperature is 5 days under 30 ℃ of temperature, fermentation secondary fermentation thing is a Vandyke brown sawmilling shape particle, moisture during for 30-40% fermentation finish.Product after the fermentation is held not loose being advisable with both hands, is convenient to the field and broadcasts sowing.
Embodiment 2
The first step: preparation composite solid starter:
The following raw material of buying is mixed by weight: 12.5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis (B.licheniformis), Lactobacterium acidophilum 2.5 (Lactobacillus plantarum) part, yeast 0.8 (Candida sp.﹠amp; Saccharomyces sp. part, 1 part of mucormycosis (Mucor sp.), 0.5 part of cellulase, 0.5 part of hemicellulase.
Second step: as the oven dry and the cutting of stalk:
The oven dry of silo crop stalk: silage is Tumblied Dry to moisture 15%, and all the other are with embodiment 1;
The 3rd step: the pulverizing of stalk: with embodiment 1;
The 4th step: add feces of livestock and poultry:
Add fresh feces of livestock and poultry in the stalk particle after pulverizing, the weight ratio of interpolation is 100: 30, after the interpolation both is mixed.
The 5th step: add solid fermentation agent and sugared hydrolyzed solution:
(1), the mixture in the above step 4 is added the solid fermentation agent in the step 1 according to 100: 5 weight ratio and mix;
(2), said mixture is added sugared hydrolyzed solution by 100: 0.5 weight ratio, under 30-40 ℃ of condition, placed 3-4 hour;
The 6th step: anaerobism complex ferment:
With adding mixture after the sugared hydrolyzed solution activated spawn double-deck black plastic bag of packing into, put into sweathouse or fermentation vat, under 35 ℃ of temperature ferment at constant temperature 5-7 days, fermentation secondary fermentation thing was a Vandyke brown sawmilling shape particle, moisture during for 30-40% fermentation finish.
Embodiment 3
The 4th step: add feces of livestock and poultry:
Add fresh feces of livestock and poultry in the stalk particle after pulverizing, the weight ratio of interpolation is 100: 25, adds vinasse according to 100: 10 weight ratio again, after the interpolation it is mixed, and all the other steps are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
The 4th step: add feces of livestock and poultry:
Add fresh feces of livestock and poultry in the stalk particle after pulverizing, the weight ratio of interpolation is 100: 30, mixes an amount of vinasse, beet pulp, bagasse and bean dregs according to 100: 13 part by weight again, after the interpolation it is mixed, and all the other steps are with embodiment 2.
Broadcast sowing in the soil at crop applying base manure during by this soil fertilizer during use, will avoid the use of chemical fertilizer before and after fertilization depth 20-30cm notes using in 10 days, guarantee the growth of microbial fertilizer.Attention this product need be deposited in the hermetically drying place, avoid mixing stacking with agricultural chemicals, strong stimulation article etc., break a seal and use as early as possible in back three days, this product farm of advancing in the Chongming after research and development are finished compares test and finds, this biological soil fertilizer uses ensuing crop output to improve 10-15%, crop pest reduces 15-20%, does not re-use chemical fertilizer substantially.
Claims (4)
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