CN110540475A - Production method of organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Production method of organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110540475A CN110540475A CN201910779504.0A CN201910779504A CN110540475A CN 110540475 A CN110540475 A CN 110540475A CN 201910779504 A CN201910779504 A CN 201910779504A CN 110540475 A CN110540475 A CN 110540475A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
- C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
the invention discloses a production method of an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: crushing flue-cured tobacco straws, and sterilizing to obtain a sterilized material, wherein the sterilization temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the sterilization treatment time is 30-45 min; mixing a microbial agent into the sterilized material to obtain a mixed material, wherein the addition amount of the microbial agent is 0.07-0.13 mass% of the sterilized material, and the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger; and adding beneficial bacteria into the primary fermentation material for secondary fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer. The invention has the advantages that the high-temperature sterilization pretreatment in the early stage can reduce more than 95 percent of pathogenic bacteria, the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation propagation are carried out step by step, the inactivation of beneficial flora caused by overhigh temperature of the primary fermentation is avoided, the beneficial flora is fully propagated, and the effective viable count is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a production method of an organic fertilizer.
background
The flue-cured tobacco straw is treated by burning in the past, so that the waste of a large amount of organic wastes is caused while the environment is polluted. The flue-cured tobacco straw contains a large amount of nutrients, wherein the potassium content can reach 8%, the total nutrients can reach 10%, and the organic matter content is 80%, so that the flue-cured tobacco straw is a good organic fertilizer raw material. The tobacco stalks are also subjected to pathogenic bacteria such as mosaic bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum, phytophthora parasitica and the like. The germs can be inactivated after the temperature is continuously high for more than half an hour at more than 90 ℃, but the highest fermentation temperature in the prior fermentation technology can reach 70 ℃, and the temperature for inactivating the germs can not be reached. In addition, the organic matter and the effective viable count of the existing organic fertilizer are low, and the application effect of the organic fertilizer is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a production method of an organic fertilizer, which is used for obtaining an environment-friendly organic fertilizer and improving the organic matter content and the effective viable count of the prepared organic fertilizer.
The technical scheme is as follows:
The invention discloses a production method of an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) sterilization: crushing flue-cured tobacco straws, and sterilizing to obtain a sterilized material, wherein the sterilization temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the sterilization treatment time is 30-45 min; sterilizing the flue-cured tobacco straws to inactivate mosaic bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum, phytophthora parasitica and the like in the flue-cured tobacco straws.
Mixing a microbial agent: and mixing a microbial agent into the sterilized material to obtain a mixed material, wherein the addition amount of the microbial agent is 0.07-0.13 mass% of the sterilized material, the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger, and the quantity ratio of the microbial agent to the aspergillus niger is 14-26: 21-39: 21-39: 14-26; the microbial agent and the beneficial flora are added in two times and fermented in two times, so that the effective viable count is improved.
Primary fermentation: performing primary fermentation on the mixed material to obtain a primary fermented material; the flue-cured tobacco straw is fermented for one time, so that the fermentation speed is increased, and the flue-cured tobacco straw is fully decomposed.
And (3) secondary fermentation: adding beneficial bacterium groups into the primary fermentation material for secondary fermentation to obtain an organic fertilizer, wherein the adding amount of the beneficial bacterium groups is 0.21-0.39 mass% of the primary fermentation material, the beneficial bacterium groups comprise brevibacillus laterosporus, paenibacillus collodonoides, pseudomonas fluorescens and trichoderma harzianum, and the quantity ratio of the beneficial bacterium groups is 14-26: 21-39: 21-39: 14-26, so that the beneficial flora is propagated, and the effective viable count is increased.
Preferably, in order to reduce the cost and adjust the C/N ratio, the step of mixing the microbial inoculum further comprises adding auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise a fungus bag and grass peat, and the mixing mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco straw to the fungus bag to the grass peat is 42-78: 21-39: 7-13; or
The auxiliary materials comprise vinasse and grass peat, and the mixing mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco straw to the vinasse to the grass peat is 42-78: 21-39: 7-13.
preferably, the sterilized material has the moisture content of 55-60%, the pH of 6.5-7.5 and the C/N of 24-26, so that the effect of primary fermentation is improved.
Preferably, the time of the secondary fermentation is 5-10 days, beneficial bacteria are propagated in advance for one week, and the effective viable count is increased.
Preferably, the primary fermentation process is to pile the mixed materials into a high pile with the diameter of 1.2-1.8m for primary fermentation, and to perform turning movement repeatedly in a circulating manner, so that the mixed materials of different batches are mutually separated. The method solves the problems of temperature and ventilation capacity, completely separates the primary fermentation materials of each batch, and avoids mixing the raw and cooked materials of different batches together due to feeding, thereby not only ensuring the quality of the fermentation materials, but also overcoming the defects of intermittence, batch property and the like of the traditional fermentation mode, and converting the fermentation process into continuous feeding and discharging and uninterruptedly fermenting.
preferably, the turning movement is forward 0.7-2m each time, so that the primary fermented materials of each batch are completely separated from each other, and the raw and cooked materials of different batches are prevented from being mixed together due to feeding.
Preferably, the temperature of the primary fermentation is 50-65 ℃, the pH is 6.5-8.5, and the ventilation volume is 0.1m3/min-0.2m3/min, so that the effect of the primary fermentation is ensured.
Preferably, the time of the primary fermentation is 15 days to 20 days.
Has the advantages that:
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that more than 95% of germs can be reduced through the early-stage high-temperature sterilization pretreatment, the safety of the organic fertilizer is guaranteed, the primary fermentation adopts turning movement, primary fermentation materials of each batch are completely separated, the temperature, the ventilation quantity and the quality of the fermentation materials are guaranteed, the fermentation speed is high, the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation propagation are carried out step by step, the inactivation of beneficial flora due to overhigh temperature of the primary fermentation is avoided, the beneficial flora is fully propagated, the effective viable count is increased, the produced product is a high-tech environment-friendly organic fertilizer, the environment is protected, no pollution is caused, the negative soil influence caused by the long-term fertilizer application of soil can be improved, the soil fertilizer efficiency is increased, the crop yield and the quality are improved, the process parameters are intelligently controlled, and the production repeatability is strong.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art after reading the present invention and fall within the scope of the appended claims.
A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
And (3) sterilization: the adopted agricultural wastes are flue-cured tobacco straws, and the flue-cured tobacco straws are crushed to obtain crushed raw materials. Because crops such as flue-cured tobacco straw are all longer rod-shaped and are inconvenient to mix and allocate fermentation parameters, collected raw materials need to be sent into a pulverizer to be pulverized into a state with uniform size and uniform texture, and then the collected raw materials can participate in the subsequent production. The working condition of the pulverizer and the granularity and uniformity of the pulverized material are important, the granularity of the pulverized raw material is controlled to be less than 20mm, and the pulverizing effect has direct influence on the subsequent processes of mixing the microbial agent, mixing materials in primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, and the like. In the crushing step, substances such as dust generated by crushing the straws are absorbed by a special pipeline and then are treated uniformly, so that no dust is leaked.
because the flue-cured tobacco straw has more soil-borne diseases, high-temperature sterilization treatment is needed to ensure the safety of the product. Therefore, the procedure is to sterilize the flue-cured tobacco straws at 90-100 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material, control the moisture content of the sterilized material to be 55-60%, control the pH value to be 6.5-7.5 and control the C/N to be 24-26, and control the sterilization treatment time to be 30-45 min. After cooling, the sterilized materials are mixed with the auxiliary materials and fully and uniformly mixed by a fertilizer making machine. The auxiliary materials are selected from fungus bags and grass peat, and the mixing mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco straw, the fungus bags and the grass peat is 42-78: 21-39: 7-13. The auxiliary materials can also be selected from distillers 'grains, grass peat flue-cured tobacco straws, distillers' grains and grass peat with the mixing mass ratio of 42-78: 21-39: 7-13.
Mixing a microbial agent: the proportion of microorganism raw materials of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger in the microbial agent is 14-26: 21-39: 21-39: 14-26 (manufacturers of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast and Aspergillus niger are all Beijing England environmental technology Limited liability company, the same below). The microbial inoculum is mixed into the sterilized material to obtain a mixed material, the addition amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.07-0.13 mass percent of the sterilized crushed material, and the four microbial inocula can fully degrade organic matters such as cellulose, lignin, protein and the like in the straws through synergistic action to convert the organic matters into organic nutrients capable of being absorbed by soil and plants, so that the quality of the bio-organic fertilizer product is ensured, and local soil is preserved.
Primary fermentation: the mixed material is conveyed to a feeder above a fermentation tank of a fermentation workshop through a belt conveyor, and then is uniformly spread on the front part of the whole fermentation tank through the feeder, and then is turned to the center of the fermentation tank through a turner to be piled into a high pile with the height of 1.2-1.8m for decomposing and fermenting to obtain a primary fermentation material, wherein the fermentation temperature is 50-65 ℃, the pH value is 6.5-8.5, and the ventilation quantity is 0.1m3/min-0.2m 3/min. And (3) adopting a full-automatic and continuous turning mode, and using an automatic circulating reciprocating turner to turn and cast the compost 0.7-2 m/time, namely, the material advances 0.7-2m into the tank to the tail of the tank by turning and casting the compost each time. The automatic circulating reciprocating type turning machine solves the problems of temperature and ventilation capacity, turns the compost in front of the fermentation tank to the rear, provides space for adding a new batch of materials, can completely separate the fermented materials of each batch, avoids the mixing of raw and cooked materials of different batches due to feeding, not only ensures the quality of fermented products, but also overcomes the defects of intermittence, batch property and the like of the traditional fermentation mode, and enables the fermentation process to be changed into continuous feeding, discharging and uninterrupted fermentation. Each batch of material completes a complete fermentation process, and the design in this project takes 15-20 days. Because the initial temperature is increased after the sterilization treatment, the temperature rise process of microorganisms is reduced, the effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 300 hundred million per gram, and the fermentation efficiency is high.
And (3) secondary fermentation: adding beneficial flora in the thoroughly fermented and decomposed primary fermentation material for secondary fermentation, wherein the adding amount of the beneficial flora is 0.21-0.39 mass% of the primary fermentation material, and the ratio of the brevibacillus laterosporus, the paenibacillus collodonoides, the pseudomonas fluorescens and the trichoderma harzianum in the beneficial flora is 14-26: 21-39: 21-39: 14-26 (manufacturers of Brevibacillus laterosporus, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum are all Beijing England environmental technology Limited liability company, the same below), and the secondary fermentation time is 5-10 days, so as to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example 1
A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
And (3) sterilization: the flue-cured tobacco straw is crushed to obtain a crushed raw material. Because flue-cured tobacco straw is longer rod-shaped, the mixing and the blending of fermentation parameters are inconvenient to carry out, so the collected raw materials need to be sent into a pulverizer to be pulverized into a state with uniform size and uniform texture, and the raw materials can participate in the subsequent production. The working condition of the pulverizer and the granularity and uniformity of the pulverized and discharged materials are important, the granularity of the pulverized raw materials is controlled to be 20mm, and the pulverizing effect has direct influence on the subsequent processes of mixing the microbial agent, mixing materials in primary fermentation and secondary fermentation and the like. In the crushing step, substances such as dust and the like generated by crushing flue-cured tobacco straws are absorbed by a special pipeline and then are treated in a unified way, so that no dust is leaked.
Because the flue-cured tobacco straw has more soil-borne diseases, high-temperature sterilization treatment is needed to ensure the safety of the product. Therefore, the procedure is to sterilize the flue-cured tobacco straws at 100 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material, control the moisture content of the sterilized material to be 55%, control the pH to be 6.5 and control the C/N to be 24, and control the sterilization treatment time to be 30 min. The auxiliary materials are selected from fungus bags and grass peat, and the mixing mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco straws, the fungus bags and the grass peat is 6: 3: 1. and after cooling, fully and uniformly mixing the sterilized materials and the auxiliary materials through a fertilizer making machine.
Mixing a microbial agent: the ratio of the microbial raw materials of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger in the microbial agent is 2:3:3: 2. The microbial inoculum is mixed into the sterilized material to obtain a mixed material, the addition amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.1 mass percent of the sterilized crushed material, and the four microbial inoculants can fully degrade organic matters such as cellulose, lignin, protein and the like in the straws through the synergistic action to convert the organic matters into organic nutrients capable of being absorbed by soil and plants, thereby ensuring the quality of the bio-organic fertilizer product and conserving local soil.
Primary fermentation: the mixed material is conveyed to a feeder above a fermentation tank of a fermentation workshop through a belt conveyor, is uniformly spread on the front part of the whole fermentation tank through the feeder, is turned to the center of the fermentation tank through a turner to be piled into a high pile with the height of 1.8m for decomposing and fermenting to obtain a primary fermentation material, wherein the fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, the pH value is 7, and the ventilation volume is 0.1m 3/min. The compost is turned and thrown for 0.7 m/time by adopting a full-automatic and continuous turning and throwing mode and an automatic circulating reciprocating type turning and throwing machine, namely, the compost advances for 0.7m into the tank by turning and throwing the material each time till the tail of the tank. The automatic circulating reciprocating type turning machine solves the problems of temperature and ventilation quantity, turns the compost in front of the fermentation tank to the rear, provides space for adding a new batch of materials, can completely separate the fermented materials of each batch, and avoids the mixing of raw and cooked materials of different batches due to feeding, thereby not only ensuring the quality of the fermented products, but also overcoming the defects of intermittence, batch property and the like of the traditional fermentation mode, and converting the fermentation process into continuous feeding, discharging and uninterrupted fermentation. Each batch of material completed a complete fermentation process, and the design took 20 days in this project.
And (3) secondary fermentation: adding beneficial bacterium groups into the primary fermentation material which is thoroughly fermented and decomposed for secondary fermentation, wherein the adding amount of the beneficial bacterium groups is 0.3 mass percent of the primary fermentation material, the ratio of the microbial raw materials of the beneficial bacterium groups, namely the brevibacillus laterosporus, the paenibacillus collodonoides, the pseudomonas fluorescens and the trichoderma harzianum is 2:3:3:2, and the secondary fermentation time is 5 days, so as to obtain the organic fertilizer.
example 2
A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
And (3) sterilization: the flue-cured tobacco straw is crushed to obtain a crushed raw material. Because flue-cured tobacco straw is longer rod-shaped, the mixing and the blending of fermentation parameters are inconvenient to carry out, so the collected raw materials need to be sent into a pulverizer to be pulverized into a state with uniform size and uniform texture, and the raw materials can participate in the subsequent production. The working condition of the pulverizer and the granularity and uniformity of the pulverized and discharged materials are important, the granularity of the pulverized raw materials is controlled to be 20mm, and the pulverizing effect has direct influence on the subsequent processes of mixing the microbial agent, mixing materials in primary fermentation and secondary fermentation and the like. In the crushing step, substances such as dust and the like generated by crushing flue-cured tobacco straws are absorbed by a special pipeline and then are treated in a unified way, so that no dust is leaked.
Because the flue-cured tobacco straw has more soil-borne diseases, high-temperature sterilization treatment is needed to ensure the safety of the product. Therefore, the procedure is to sterilize the flue-cured tobacco straws at 90 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material, control the water content of the sterilized material to be 60 percent, control the pH to be 7 and control the C/N to be 26, and the sterilization treatment time to be 45 min. The auxiliary materials are selected from vinasse and grass peat, and the mixing mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco straw, the vinasse and the grass peat is 42: 39: 13. and after cooling, fully and uniformly mixing the sterilized materials and the auxiliary materials through a fertilizer making machine.
Mixing a microbial agent: the proportion of microorganism raw materials of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger in the microbial agent is 14: 39: 39: 26. the microbial inoculum is mixed into the sterilized materials to obtain mixed materials, the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.07 mass percent of the sterilized crushed materials, and the four microbial inoculants can fully degrade organic matters such as cellulose, lignin, protein and the like in the straws through synergistic action to convert the organic matters into organic nutrients which can be absorbed by soil and plants, thereby ensuring the quality of bio-organic fertilizer products and conserving local soil.
Primary fermentation: the mixed material is conveyed to a feeder above a fermentation tank of a fermentation workshop through a belt conveyor, is uniformly spread on the front part of the whole fermentation tank through the feeder, is turned to the center of the fermentation tank through a turner to be piled into a high pile with the height of 1.2m for thoroughly decomposing and fermenting to obtain a primary fermented material, wherein the fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, the pH value is 7.5, and the ventilation volume is 0.2m 3/min. The compost is turned and thrown for 2 m/time by adopting a full-automatic and continuous turning and throwing mode and an automatic circulating reciprocating type turning and throwing machine, namely, the compost is turned and thrown for 2m in each time until the compost reaches the tail of the tank. The automatic circulating reciprocating type turning machine solves the problems of temperature and ventilation quantity, turns the compost in front of the fermentation tank to the rear, provides space for adding a new batch of materials, can completely separate the fermented materials of each batch, and avoids the mixing of raw and cooked materials of different batches due to feeding, thereby not only ensuring the quality of the fermented products, but also overcoming the defects of intermittence, batch property and the like of the traditional fermentation mode, and converting the fermentation process into continuous feeding, discharging and uninterrupted fermentation. Each batch of material completed a complete fermentation process, and the design took 20 days in this project.
And (3) secondary fermentation: adding beneficial bacterium groups into the primary fermentation material which is thoroughly fermented and decomposed for secondary fermentation, wherein the adding amount of the beneficial bacterium groups is 0.21 mass percent of the primary fermentation material, and the ratio of the microbial raw materials of the beneficial bacterium groups, namely, the brevibacillus laterosporus, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus, the pseudomonas fluorescens and the trichoderma harzianum is 14: 39: 39: 26, the time of the secondary fermentation is 10 days, and the organic fertilizer is obtained.
Example 3
A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
And (3) sterilization: the flue-cured tobacco straw is crushed to obtain a crushed raw material. Because flue-cured tobacco straw is longer rod-shaped, the mixing and the blending of fermentation parameters are inconvenient to carry out, so the collected raw materials need to be sent into a pulverizer to be pulverized into a state with uniform size and uniform texture, and the raw materials can participate in the subsequent production. The working condition of the pulverizer and the granularity and uniformity of the pulverized and discharged materials are important, the granularity of the pulverized raw materials is controlled to be 20mm, and the pulverizing effect has direct influence on the subsequent processes of mixing the microbial agent, mixing materials in primary fermentation and secondary fermentation and the like. In the crushing step, substances such as dust and the like generated by crushing flue-cured tobacco straws are absorbed by a special pipeline and then are treated in a unified way, so that no dust is leaked.
Because the flue-cured tobacco straw has more soil-borne diseases, high-temperature sterilization treatment is needed to ensure the safety of the product. Therefore, the procedure is to sterilize the flue-cured tobacco straws at 90 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material, control the water content of the sterilized material to be 60%, control the pH to be 7.5 and control the C/N to be 26, and control the sterilization treatment time to be 45 min. The auxiliary materials are selected from vinasse and grass peat, and the mixing mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco straw, the vinasse and the grass peat is 78: 21: 7. and after cooling, fully and uniformly mixing the sterilized materials and the auxiliary materials through a fertilizer making machine.
Mixing a microbial agent: the proportion of microorganism raw materials, namely bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger in the microbial agent is 26: 21: 21: 14. the microbial inoculum is mixed into the sterilized materials to obtain mixed materials, the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.13 mass percent of the sterilized crushed materials, and the four microbial inoculants can fully degrade organic matters such as cellulose, lignin, protein and the like in the straws through synergistic action to convert the organic matters into organic nutrients which can be absorbed by soil and plants, thereby ensuring the quality of bio-organic fertilizer products and conserving local soil.
Primary fermentation: the mixed material is conveyed to a feeder above a fermentation tank of a fermentation workshop through a belt conveyor, is uniformly spread on the front part of the whole fermentation tank through the feeder, is turned to the center of the fermentation tank through a turner to be piled into a high pile with the height of 1.2m for thoroughly decomposing and fermenting to obtain a primary fermented material, wherein the fermentation temperature is 65 ℃, the pH value is 8.5, and the ventilation volume is 0.2m 3/min. The compost is turned and thrown for 2 m/time by adopting a full-automatic and continuous turning and throwing mode and an automatic circulating reciprocating type turning and throwing machine, namely, the compost is turned and thrown for 2m in each time until the compost reaches the tail of the tank. The automatic circulating reciprocating type turning machine solves the problems of temperature and ventilation quantity, turns the compost in front of the fermentation tank to the rear, provides space for adding a new batch of materials, can completely separate the fermented materials of each batch, and avoids the mixing of raw and cooked materials of different batches due to feeding, thereby not only ensuring the quality of the fermented products, but also overcoming the defects of intermittence, batch property and the like of the traditional fermentation mode, and converting the fermentation process into continuous feeding, discharging and uninterrupted fermentation. Each batch of material completed a complete fermentation process, and the design took 15 days in this project.
And (3) secondary fermentation: adding beneficial bacterium groups into the primary fermentation material which is thoroughly fermented and decomposed for secondary fermentation, wherein the adding amount of the beneficial bacterium groups is 0.39 mass percent of the primary fermentation material, and the ratio of the microbial raw materials of the beneficial bacterium groups, namely, the brevibacillus laterosporus, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus, the pseudomonas fluorescens and the trichoderma harzianum is 26: 21: 21: and 14, performing secondary fermentation for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Specific components of the organic fertilizer obtained in the embodiments 1-3 are shown in table 1, the mass fraction of organic matters of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method is as high as more than 64%, the tobacco straw is used as a raw material in the method, more than 95% of germs can be reduced by the previous high-temperature sterilization pretreatment, the safety of the organic fertilizer is ensured, the turning movement is adopted in one-time fermentation, so that the one-time fermentation materials of each batch are completely separated from each other, the temperature, the ventilation quantity and the quality of the fermentation materials are ensured, and the fermentation speed is high; the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation are carried out step by step, so that the inactivation of beneficial flora caused by overhigh primary fermentation temperature is avoided, the beneficial flora is fully propagated, and the number of effective viable bacteria is as high as 300 hundred million/g.
TABLE 1 nutrient content of organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention
The organic fertilizer application test is arranged in Yongan town of Liuyang city. The experimental plot is flat, the soil fertility is moderate, the fertility is distributed uniformly, the illumination and irrigation and drainage conditions are good, and the organic fertilizers T1, T2 and T3 to be tested are prepared in the examples 1-3; t4 was supplied by yunan yunye leaf fertilizer limited; t5 is supplied by Konan gold leaf Crohn's science and technology, Inc.; t6 is supplied by Hunan Taigu Biotech GmbH. The tested flue-cured tobacco variety is K326, and all treatments are transplanted uniformly.
randomized block was used, trial was 6 treatments, 1 control, 3 replicates:
T1: local conventional fertilization plus 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer in example 1;
T2: local conventional fertilization plus 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer in example 2;
T3: local conventional fertilization plus 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer in example 3;
T4: local conventional fertilization and 50 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer (cloud leaves);
T5: local conventional fertilization and commercial organic fertilizer (Zhong) 50 kg/mu;
T6: local conventional fertilization and 50 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer (Taigu);
Control (CK): the fertilizer is applied conventionally and is not applied;
The row spacing is 1.1m multiplied by 0.55m, the treatment is consistent with other production measures except different fertilizer application, and the management is carried out according to the local high-quality tobacco production technology. And recording the transplanting period, the rooting period, the vigorous growing period, the bud period and the growth period time after capping of each treatment, and surveying and recording the growth vigor and the growth phase of the tobacco plants in the process.
After capping, demonstrating and contrasting according to S-shaped distribution, randomly selecting 9 representative tobacco plants, investigating according to a YC/T142-2010 tobacco agronomic character investigation and measurement method, and observing and measuring plant height, stem circumference, pitch, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width and the like. After the collection and the baking are finished, 3 representative tobacco plants are randomly selected in each treatment, and the fresh weight and the dry weight of the root system of each tobacco plant are weighed and recorded.
according to the GB/T23222-2008 tobacco pest classification and investigation method, common disease system investigation is carried out on each treatment.
and randomly selecting 5 tobacco growers from each observation point in the demonstration area, randomly selecting 3 tobacco growers from the comparison area, and checking and counting economic traits of the tobacco growers such as acre yield, acre yield value, average price, first-class tobacco proportion, middle-class tobacco proportion and the like.
after raw tobacco is graded according to GB2635-92 flue-cured tobacco 42-level national standard, 2Kg of C3F and B2F tobacco samples are taken in each treatment, and the appearance quality and the chemical components of the primary flue-cured tobacco are determined according to specific determination methods in the literature.
As can be seen from Table 2, the application of different commercial organic fertilizers can promote the early growth and the quick growth of tobacco leaves, the maturity and the yellowing of the tobacco leaves are favored in the later period, the influence degrees of the three different commercial organic fertilizers on the growth period of the flue-cured tobacco are consistent, the growth period is 123 days, and the growth period is shortened by 3 days compared with the contrast.
TABLE 2 comparison of growth periods for each treatment field
As can be seen from Table 3, the agronomic performance after topping by applying different commercial organic fertilizers is slightly better than that of a control group, wherein the stem circumference, the pitch, the leaf number, the waist leaf width and the length and width of the last 3 rd leaf are all the maximum T1, and the numerical values are respectively 10.80cm, 7.38cm, 16.76cm, 34.50cm, 63.00cm and 20.99 cm; the plant height and the waist leaf length are the maximum T6, and the values are 108.92cm and 77.09cm respectively, but no obvious difference exists between treatments.
TABLE 3 comparison of agronomic characteristics for each treatment (after topping)
Note: lower case letters in the table indicate significant levels of difference of up to 5%, as follows.
The main diseases in the test field are brown spot, common mosaic disease, climate spot and black shank, and as can be seen from table 4, the application of different commercial organic fertilizers has certain effect on reducing tobacco plant diseases, wherein the field incidence rate sequence of the brown spot and the climate spot is T1 < T2 < T3 < T5 < T4 < T6 < CK, the field incidence rate sequence of the common mosaic disease is T1-T2-T3-T4-T5 < T6 < CK, and the field incidence rate sequence of the black shank is T1-T2-T3-T4 < T5 < T6 < CK. In conclusion, T1 performed best, with better T2 and T3, less T4 and T5, and relatively worse T6.
TABLE 4 statistics of incidence of major diseases for each treatment
As can be seen from Table 5, the application of different commercial organic fertilizers can promote the growth of roots, wherein the difference between the fresh weight of the roots and the treatment of the control is obvious, the weight of the roots is sequentially T1 & gtT 2 & gtT 3 & gtT 5 & gtT 6 & gtT 4, but the difference between the treatments is not obvious; the dry root weight is obviously different from the control, the weight sizes of the dry root weight are T1 & gtT 2 & gtT 3 & gtT 4 & gtT 6 & gtT 5, the differences among T1, T2 and T3 are not obvious, the differences among T4, T5 and T6 are not obvious, and the differences among T1, T2 and T3 are obvious in other treatments.
TABLE 5 comparison of root weights for different treatments
as can be seen from Table 6, the application of different commercial organic fertilizers remarkably reduces the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves, remarkably improves the total nitrogen and nicotine in the tobacco leaves, and is beneficial to displaying the characteristics of the tobacco leaves with strong-flavor characteristic style, and the chemical indexes are all better than those of T1, T2 and T3. The potassium content is the highest in the treatment of T1, and is different from T4, T5 and T6, which shows that the application of the organic fertilizer in the example 1 can obviously improve the potassium content of the tobacco leaves.
TABLE 6 tobacco leaf chemical composition comparison
as can be seen from table 7, T1, T2 and T3 treatments showed improved color, luster, oil content and weight average of single leaf compared to CK tobacco, wherein the weight of single leaf was increased by about 1g and significantly compared to the other treatments. The T4 treatment improved color and weight per leaf over the CK leaf, but the weight gain per leaf was not significant. Compared with CK tobacco leaves, the weight of each leaf of T5 and T6 is improved, but the weight of each leaf is not increased obviously.
TABLE 7 survey of appearance quality of each treated tobacco leaf
as can be seen from Table 8, the application of different commercial organic fertilizers can significantly improve the acre yield, acre yield value, average price and equal tobacco ratio of tobacco leaves, and can play a certain role in promoting the income increase of tobacco growers. The yield per mu is highest in T1, higher in T2 and T3, less in T4 and T6, less in T5, and lowest in CK. The yield per mu and the upper smoke proportion are the highest T1, the T2 and the T3 are higher, and the differences of the T1, the T2 and the T3 with other treatments are obvious, which shows that the economic traits of the flue-cured tobacco can be obviously improved by the organic fertilizer.
TABLE 8 comparison of economic Properties of treatments
through studying the influence of common several kinds of different commercial organic fertilizers for cigarettes on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco, the test result shows that: the application of different commercial organic fertilizers can promote the early growth and the quick emergence of tobacco leaves at the early stage, is beneficial to the mature and yellowing of the tobacco leaves at the later stage, can obviously improve the economic characters of the tobacco leaves, plays a certain role in promoting the income increase of tobacco growers, and achieves the optimal effect by using the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention in each process. Meanwhile, the price of the organic fertilizer is 2200 yuan/t, which is 50 yuan/t lower than that of other commercial organic fertilizers, and the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has relatively low purchase price and relatively good application effect.
Beneficial flora can increase soil elasticity, relieve soil hardening, attach to biological root system and promote growth; the produced product is a high-tech environment-friendly organic fertilizer, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, can improve the negative soil influence caused by the fertilizer application in a long term, increase the soil fertility, improve the crop yield and quality, is in accordance with the scientific development and sustainable development theory provided by the state in the concept of environment-friendly production, intelligently controls the process parameters, and has strong production repeatability.
Claims (8)
1. A production method of an organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
And (3) sterilization: crushing flue-cured tobacco straws, and sterilizing to obtain a sterilized material, wherein the sterilization temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the sterilization treatment time is 30-45 min;
mixing a microbial agent: and mixing a microbial agent into the sterilized material to obtain a mixed material, wherein the addition amount of the microbial agent is 0.07-0.13 mass% of the sterilized material, the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger, and the quantity ratio of the microbial agent to the aspergillus niger is 14-26: 21-39: 21-39: 14-26;
Primary fermentation: performing primary fermentation on the mixed material to obtain a primary fermented material;
And (3) secondary fermentation: adding beneficial bacterium groups into the primary fermentation material for secondary fermentation to obtain an organic fertilizer, wherein the adding amount of the beneficial bacterium groups is 0.21-0.39 mass% of the primary fermentation material, the beneficial bacterium groups comprise brevibacillus laterosporus, paenibacillus collodonoides, pseudomonas fluorescens and trichoderma harzianum, and the quantity ratio of the beneficial bacterium groups is 14-26: 21-39: 21-39: 14-26.
2. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the step of mixing the microbial inoculum also comprises the step of adding auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise fungus bags and grass peat, and the mixing mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco straws to the fungus bags to the grass peat is 42-78: 21-39: 7-13; or
The auxiliary materials comprise vinasse and grass peat, and the mixing mass ratio of the flue-cured tobacco straw to the vinasse to the grass peat is 42-78: 21-39: 7-13.
3. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the sterilized material has a water content of 55-60%, a pH of 6.5-7.5, and a C/N of 24-26.
4. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the time of the secondary fermentation is 5 to 10 days.
5. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the primary fermentation process is to pile the mixed materials into a high pile of 1.2-1.8m for primary fermentation, and to turn and throw the mixed materials circularly and repeatedly so as to separate the mixed materials of different batches from each other.
6. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein: the turning movement is forward 0.7-2m each time.
7. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the temperature of the primary fermentation is 50-65 ℃, the pH is 6.5-8.5, and the ventilation volume is 0.1m 3-0.2 m 3/min.
8. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the time of the primary fermentation is 15 days to 20 days.
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| CN113277900A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-20 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Production process of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer |
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| CN113582738A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州强禾生物肥料有限公司 | Special fertilizer for honeysuckle and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191206 |