CN110603923A - Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali soil organisms, which comprises the following steps: preparing a large field, sowing rapes, topdressing and seedling raising, crushing and returning to the field, topdressing in a field soaking field, sowing rice, standing the rice seedlings, crushing again and returning to the field, and repeating the processes for 1-2 years. According to the method, the saline-alkali soil is basically improved within 1-2 years by crop rotation of rape and rice and combined with smashing and returning of rape straws and rice straws, the method has the characteristics of short improvement period, excellent improvement effect and low improvement cost, and sustainable development of ecological environment is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a method for biologically improving saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali land is a general term of saline land and alkaline land, the saline soil mainly refers to salinized soil containing high chloride or sulfate, the soil is alkaline, but the pH value is not necessarily high, and the alkaline land refers to soil containing carbonate or heavy phosphate, the pH value is high, and the soil is alkaline. The saline-alkali soil has the advantages of low organic matter content, low soil fertility, poor physical and chemical properties, more anions and cations harmful to crops, and difficult seedling promotion of the crops. The area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China. The formation of alkali land and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in the soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in severe saline-alkali land areas can hardly survive. The salinization of the land is an ecological problem worldwide, the salinization degree of the land worldwide is in a significant rising trend at present, and the salinization of the land becomes an important limiting factor for the sustainable development of the agriculture worldwide.
For the improvement of saline-alkali soil, water conservancy improvement, physical improvement, chemical improvement and biological improvement are commonly used. The water conservancy improvement and physical improvement have large quantities of engineering, high cost and no permanence, are limited by water resources and are not easy to popularize; the chemical modification easily causes secondary pollution to the environment, and a large amount of water is needed to wash after the modifier is applied, so that the application is difficult and the economic cost is high. Compared with the former three improvement methods, the biological improvement method has low cost, is beneficial to the sustainable development of ecological environment, and has great potential in the field of saline-alkali improvement.
At present, saline-alkali tolerant plants are planted in saline-alkali soil, which is one of the common biological improvement methods. Normally, saline-alkali tolerant plants can absorb mineral salts in soil during the growth process, and meanwhile, acid substances are secreted at the roots of the plants to neutralize alkali, so that the effects of water retention and salt reduction are achieved. However, the mineral salts required for the growth of the saline-alkali tolerant plants are trace elements, the acid substances secreted by the mineral salts are limited, and the saline-alkali tolerant plants are only planted in saline-alkali soil, so that the improvement effect on the saline-alkali soil is limited. Therefore, the research and development of a saline-alkali soil biological improvement method with short improvement period and excellent improvement effect is a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for biologically improving saline-alkali soil, which has the characteristics of short improvement period and excellent improvement effect.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the biology of saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a field: clearing the straws and weeds of the previous crops, ploughing and leveling the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 10-15cm, and applying a compound fertilizer or a special rape fertilizer according to 40-50kg per mu;
b. rape sowing: selecting saline-alkali tolerant rape, and sowing according to the artificial sowing quantity of 0.5-0.75 kg/mu and the mechanical sowing quantity of 0.35-0.5 kg/mu;
c. topdressing and seedling raising: when the rape grows to 4-5 leaves, dressing urea according to the dosage of 5-10 kg/mu before rain;
d. crushing and returning to the field: harvesting rape, directly smashing rape straws and root systems in a field, and ploughing and leveling soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25 cm;
e. and (3) field soaking and topdressing: adding water until the water surface is 3-5cm higher than the soil surface, soaking for 2-3 days, removing accumulated water, applying microbial fertilizer, and ploughing and leveling again to a depth of 25-30 cm;
f. sowing rice: selecting saline-alkali tolerant rice, adding water into the field, and sowing the short buds according to the sowing quantity of 12-14 kg/mu after the water surface is flush with the soil surface;
g. standing the rice seedlings: adopting a mode of daily irrigation and night drainage, adding water in the daytime until the water surface is 1-2cm higher than the soil surface, draining water at night until the water surface is flush with the soil surface, and managing a water layer when the rice grows to 3-4 leaves;
h. and (3) crushing again and returning to the field: harvesting mature rice, and directly smashing rice straws into a field through communicating root systems;
i. repeating the above process for 1-2 years.
By adopting the technical scheme, the saline-alkali tolerant rape and the rice form the first stage of saline-alkali soil development and planting, and can be planted on the soil with 1% salt concentration and pH of above 10. Due to the fact that different plants grow and absorb different salts, the rotation method can accelerate the improvement speed of the saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, the method is also beneficial to the improvement of the yield of the rape and the rice, the planted and harvested rape straws and rice straws can be used as green manure to be smashed and returned to the field, and saline-alkali substances in saline-alkali soil are diluted, so that the method is particularly suitable for early improvement of the area with less rainfall. According to the crop rotation improvement method, the improvement of the saline-alkali soil can be basically completed after 1-2 years, and the method has the characteristics of short improvement period and excellent improvement effect.
When the field is prepared, if the ploughing depth is too large, the content of salt and alkali in the soil is higher, the germination of rape seeds is not facilitated, and the compound fertilizer and the special rape fertilizer provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the rape and improve the yield of the rape. In the rape seeding process, because a certain loss space exists when the machine passes through the field, the mechanical seeding amount is slightly less than the artificial seeding amount, but the rape planted according to the seeding amount has excellent soil improvement effect.
The added urea can provide nitrogen fertilizer for rape, so that the straws of the rape are enabled to be stronger, the biomass of the straws can reach 6 t/mu when the straws are planted in the north, and the biomass of the straws can also reach 3-4 t/mu when the straws are planted in the south, and the improvement of the saline-alkali soil is accelerated.
In the top dressing of the paddy field, water is transported from low saline and alkaline to high saline and alkaline, so that the water has the function of infiltration, the saline and alkaline in the deep layer of the soil is diluted, then the biological fertilizer is added to increase the fertility of the soil, the loss of nutrient components in the biological fertilizer is reduced, and sufficient nutrient components are provided for the planting of rice.
The sun irradiates in the daytime, the possibility that the rice seeds are burnt by the sun can be reduced by irrigating in the daytime, the sun does not irradiate at night, and the rice seeds can be breathed by the night drainage, so that the rice is promoted to sprout quickly. When the rice grows to 3-4 leaves, the vitality of the rice is stable, and the rice normally grows to be mature according to the conventional water layer management of the rice. And finally, the rice straw is crushed and returned to the field, so that the recycling rate of resources is improved.
Further, in the step b, the rape variety is Hua-YOU-ZAO No. 62.
By adopting the technical scheme, the Hua-YOUZAO No. 62 is a three-line hybrid rape variety which is bred by matching a Bolima cytoplasmic male sterile line '2063A' and a restorer line '05-P71-2' used by Huazhong agricultural university, belongs to semi-winter cabbage type rape, and has the characteristics of strong adaptability, saline-alkali resistance, easy cultivation, low planting cost and the like. The method can be used as a crop for improving the saline-alkali soil, the crop can well grow in the saline-alkali soil according to the improvement method, high-yield rape is harvested, more green manure is provided for improvement of the saline-alkali soil, improvement of the saline-alkali soil is accelerated, and meanwhile the cost for improvement of the saline-alkali soil is reduced.
Further, in the step e, the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 3-4 kg/mu.
Further, in the step e, the microbial fertilizer comprises the following main components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of rape straw crushed aggregates, 30-40 parts of rice straw crushed aggregates, 15-20 parts of rape seed cakes, 25-30 parts of composite microorganisms and 80-90 parts of water.
By adopting the technical scheme, the microbial fertilizer is mainly prepared by matching straw crushed aggregates and rapeseed cakes in the process of harvesting rapes and rice with composite microorganisms, so that the fertilizer is recycled, the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 3-4 kg/mu, the microbial fertilizer has an excellent saline-alkali soil improvement effect, the improvement cost of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively reduced, and the sustainable development of ecological environment is realized. The composite microorganism can degrade straw crushed aggregates and rapeseed cakes to generate amino acids and other nutrients for plants to absorb, and can adjust flora and pH of saline-alkali soil, so that the content of plant pathogenic bacteria is reduced, the yield of rape and rice is improved, and the improvement efficiency of the saline-alkali soil is accelerated.
Further, in step e, the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
boiling and sterilizing: adding crushed rape straw, crushed rice straw and rape seed cakes into water for infiltration, heating until the water is boiled, keeping boiling for 3-5min, and naturally cooling to 35-37 ℃ to obtain slurry;
secondly, fungus feeding and fermentation: adding the compound microorganism into the slurry, and fermenting at a stirring speed of 30-40r/min and a stirring temperature of 35-37 deg.C for 7-10 days.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rape straw crushed aggregates, the rice straw crushed aggregates and the rape seed cakes are soaked and then boiled, so that the softening and the sterilization of the rape straw crushed aggregates, the adhesion and the propagation of composite microorganisms are facilitated, and the growth competition of other microorganisms on the composite microorganisms is reduced. When the composite microorganism is fermented for 7-10 days, most of the rape straw crushed aggregates, the rice straw crushed aggregates and the rape seed cakes are degraded by the composite microorganism, and meanwhile, the growth of the composite microorganism is in an index rising state, so that the microbial fertilizer is put into soil, and the excellent improvement effect can be rapidly obtained.
Further, the composite microorganism is prepared from azotobacter, actinomycetes, yeast and cyanobacteria according to the ratio of 1:1:1:2 by weight ratio.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria can be self-cultured or parasitized on the root system of the plant, and nitrogen in the air and soil can be converted into nitrogen fertilizer for the growth of the plant. The actinomycetes can produce certain protease, amylase, cellulase, vitamins, organic acid and the like, and can accelerate the decomposition of organic matters in rape straw crushed aggregates, rice straw crushed aggregates, rape seed cakes and soil by the composite microorganisms. The saccharomycetes are mostly saprophytic bacteria, the saccharomycetes added in the method can normally grow in the saline-alkali soil under the assistance of azotobacter, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria, the degraded straw crushed aggregates and rapeseed cakes are organic acids, and the alkali in the saline-alkali soil can be neutralized, so that the improvement of the saline-alkali soil is promoted. The cyanobacteria of the compound microorganism can perform photosynthesis by themselves, and provide oxygen for the azotobacter, actinomycetes and yeast for growth and respiration of the cyanobacteria. The composite microorganism compounded according to the mass ratio can promote the improvement of soil.
Further, the azotobacter is azotobacter chroococcum.
By adopting the technical scheme, the self-growing nitrogen fixing microorganism is a microorganism which can independently fix nitrogen in soil, has strong nitrogen fixing capability, can secrete auxin and promote the growth of plants and the development of fruits, thereby improving the yield of rape and rice and accelerating the improvement efficiency of soil.
Further, the actinomycetes is one or a mixture of more of streptomyces, nocardia and streptospora.
By adopting the technical scheme, streptomyces, nocardia and streptosporangium can secrete corresponding antibiotics, have good inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria and small parasites in soil, and reduce the possibility of diseases and insect pests of rape and rice, so that the dosage of disease-resistant medicaments in the growth process of the rape and the rice is reduced. The antibiotics generated by the actinomycetes are trace, so that the influence on the ecological balance of the soil is small, the residual quantity in the plant body can be ignored, and the yield of the rape and the rice is improved.
Further, the cyanobacteria are spirulina.
By adopting the technical scheme, the spirulina can better survive in an alkaline environment, and can absorb saline-alkali substances in soil when growing in the saline-alkali soil, and generate a large amount of oxygen for growth of azotobacter, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes, finally reach a balanced state, promote the improvement speed of the saline-alkali soil to be accelerated to rotate for 1-2 years, and finish soil improvement.
Further, in step f, the rice variety is one of Xiushui No. 134, Xiushui No. 121 and Xiushui No. 14.
By adopting the technical scheme, Xiushui No. 134, Xiushui No. 121 and Xiushui No. 14 are all bred by agriculture academy of sciences in Jiaxing city, are single-season conventional late japonica rice, can normally grow in saline-alkali soil according to the improvement method, harvest high-yield rice, provide more green manure for saline-alkali soil improvement, and effectively reduce the cost of soil improvement compared with common saline-alkali tolerant rice.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has the advantages that the saline-alkali soil is basically improved within 1-2 years by crop rotation of rape and rice and combined with smashing and returning of rape straws and rice straws, and the method has the characteristics of short improvement period and excellent improvement effect;
2. according to the method, the rape of Hua-YOU-ZAO No. 62 and the rice of Xiushui variety are selected, and the rape and the rice can grow well in the saline-alkali soil according to the improvement method, high-yield rape and rice are harvested, more green manure is provided for the improvement of the saline-alkali soil, and the cost of soil improvement is further effectively reduced;
3. the self-made biological fertilizer is added in the additional fertilizer for the paddy field, and is prepared by matching straw crushed aggregates and rapeseed cakes with compound microorganisms in the process of harvesting rapes and rice, so that the fertilizer is recycled, the improvement cost of saline-alkali soil is effectively reduced, and the sustainable development of ecological environment is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for saline-alkali soil improvement.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. Variety preparation
Rape No. 1, hua you za No. 62, huazhong university of agriculture;
rape No. 2, hua you za No. 76, huazhong university of agriculture;
rape No. 3, Hua you za No. 10, Wuhan Union agriculture science and technology Limited liability company Huazhong agriculture university;
rice 1, xishui No. 134, jiaxing city, zhejiang province, agricultural science research institute;
rice 2, xiushui 121, jiaxing city, zhejiang province, agricultural science research institute;
rice 3, xishui No. 14, jiaxing city, zhejiang province, agricultural science research institute;
rice 4, jin yuan 85, tianjin city original seed field;
the compound fertilizer is purchased from Shandong Hongri-Akang chemical industry Co., Ltd, the brand is Yangyang day, and the commodity number is STANLEY-1;
the special rape fertilizer is purchased from agriculture science and technology limited, Hubei Shizhuang, and the special rape compound fertilizer is 25-7-8-Shizhuang;
urea is purchased from Jiangsu Qinghe chemical Co., Ltd, and the total nitrogen (N) is more than or equal to 46.4 percent.
2. Examples of the embodiments
2.1, example 1
Planting areas with the same planting area are respectively marked in the Zhejiang coastal saline-alkali soil and the northeast plain saline-alkali soil, and saline-alkali soil improvement is carried out according to the following improvement method.
A method for biological improvement of saline-alkali soil, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a field: clearing straws and weeds of previous crops, ploughing and leveling soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 12cm, and applying a compound fertilizer according to 45kg per mu;
b. rape sowing: selecting rape No. 62 with Hua-YOU hybrid, and sowing according to the artificial sowing quantity of 0.5 kg/mu;
c. topdressing and seedling raising: when the rape grows to 4-5 leaves, dressing urea according to the dosage of 8 kg/mu before rain;
d. crushing and returning to the field: harvesting rape, directly smashing rape straws and root systems in a field, and ploughing and leveling soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 20 cm;
e. and (3) field soaking and topdressing: adding water until the water surface is 5cm higher than the soil surface, soaking the field for 3 days, removing accumulated water, applying microbial fertilizer according to the application amount of 3.5 kg/mu, and ploughing and leveling again to reach a ploughing depth of 28 cm;
f. sowing rice: selecting No. 134 Xishui rice, adding water into the field, and performing short-bud sowing according to the sowing quantity of 13 kg/mu after the water surface is flush with the soil surface;
g. standing the rice seedlings: adopting a mode of daily irrigation and night drainage, adding water in the daytime until the water surface is 2cm higher than the soil surface, draining water at night until the water surface is flush with the soil surface, and managing a water layer when the rice grows to 3-4 leaves;
h. and (3) crushing again and returning to the field: harvesting mature rice, and directly smashing rice straws into a field through communicating root systems;
i. the above process was repeated for 1 year.
Wherein the microbial fertilizer in the step e comprises the following main components, by weight, 30 parts of rape straw crushed aggregates, 40 parts of rice straw crushed aggregates, 15 parts of rape seed cakes, 30 parts of composite microorganisms and 85 parts of water; the composite microorganism is prepared by compounding azotobacter chroococcum, streptomycete, beer yeast and spirulina according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1: 2.
The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
boiling and sterilizing: adding crushed rape straw, crushed rice straw and rape seed cakes into water for infiltration, heating until the water is boiled, keeping boiling for 4min, and naturally cooling to 36 ℃ to obtain slurry;
secondly, fungus feeding and fermentation: adding the compound microorganism into the slurry, and stirring and fermenting for 7d at a stirring speed of 35r/min and a stirring temperature of 36 ℃.
2.2, examples 2 to 4
Examples 2-4 all adjusted the parameters of saline-alkali soil improvement based on the method of example 1, and the specific adjustment conditions are shown in the following table.
TABLE saline-alkali soil improvement parameter tables of examples 1 to 4
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| First plowing/cm | 12 | 10 | 15 | 12 |
| Compound fertilizer/kg/mu | 45 | 40 | 50 | / |
| Rape special fertilizer/kg/mu | / | / | / | 45 |
| Rape seeding rate/kg/mu | 0.5 (Artificial) | 0.35 (mechanical) | 0.5 (mechanical) | 0.75 (Artificial) |
| Urea/kg/mu | 8 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
| Second plowing/cm | 20 | 25 | 25 | 22 |
| Water level/cm of field | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Time of steeping in field/d | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Microbial fertilizer/kg/mu | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 |
| Third plowing/cm | 28 | 30 | 25 | 25 |
| Sowing quantity/kg/mu of rice | 13 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Standing seedling water level/cm | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1.5 |
| Number of years/year of repetition | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
2.3, examples 5 to 8
Examples 5-8 the cultivars of canola and rice were adjusted based on the method of example 1, for details given in table two below.
TABLE II saline-alkali soil improvement parameter tables of examples 1, 5-8
| Example 1 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 | Example 8 | |
| Rape seed | Hua you za No. 62 | Hua you za No. 62 | Hua you za No. 62 | Huayou za No. 76 | Hua you za No. 62 |
| Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress | Xishui No. 134 | Xiushui No. 121 | Xiushui No. 14 | Xishui No. 134 | Jin Yuan 85 # s |
2.4, examples 9 to 12
Examples 9-12 the parameters of the microbial fertilizer were adjusted based on the method of example 1, see table three below.
TABLE III tables of parameters for microbial fertilizers of examples 1, 9-12
3. Comparative example
3.1, comparative example 1
In this comparative example, the top dressing of the soaked field in step e was carried out after step a and before step b based on the method of example 1.
3.2, comparative example 2
In the comparative example, only rape is planted on the basis of the method of the embodiment 1, and rape straws are smashed and returned to the field.
3.3, comparative example 3
In the comparative example, only rice was planted based on the method of example 1, and rice straw was crushed and returned to the field.
4. Improvement of effect embodiment
The yields of rape and rice of examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were counted, and the changes of soil salinity and pH were recorded, and the concrete improvements were found in tables four to seven below.
TABLE IV rape yields of examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-3
TABLE FIVE Rice yields for examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-3
TABLE sixthly changes in the salt content of the soils of examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 3
TABLE seventhly changes in the pH values of the soils of examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 3
According to the application, the saline-alkali soil is basically improved within 1 to 2 years by crop rotation of rape and rice and crushing and returning of rape straws and rice straws, and the saline-alkali soil has the characteristics of short improvement period, excellent improvement effect and low improvement cost, and sustainable development of ecological environment is realized.
Examples 1-4 demonstrate that saline and alkaline land can be better improved according to the improvement method of the application.
As can be seen from the improvement cases of example 1 and examples 5 to 8, when "the rape variety is Hua YOU ZAI No. 62 and the rice variety is one of Xiushui No. 134, Xiushui No. 121 and Xiushui No. 14", the improvement effect on the saline-alkali soil is significantly better than that of the other varieties, and thus the improvement cases are preferred.
As can be seen from the modifications of example 1 and examples 9 to 12, in the microbial fertilizer, "complex microorganisms consisting of azotobacter, actinomycetes, yeast and cyanobacteria" were modified in the ratio of 1:1:1:2 "can promote the improvement of soil. Wherein, when azotobacter chroococcum: streptomycete: beer yeast: when spirulina is 1:1:1:2 ", the saline-alkali soil improvement effect is obviously better than that of other spirulina, so that spirulina is preferred.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil organisms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. preparing a field: clearing the straws and weeds of the previous crops, ploughing and leveling the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 10-15cm, and applying a compound fertilizer or a special rape fertilizer according to 40-50kg per mu;
b. rape sowing: selecting saline-alkali tolerant rape, and sowing according to the artificial sowing quantity of 0.5-0.75 kg/mu and the mechanical sowing quantity of 0.35-0.5 kg/mu;
c. topdressing and seedling raising: when the rape grows to 4-5 leaves, dressing urea according to the dosage of 5-10 kg/mu before rain;
d. crushing and returning to the field: harvesting rape, directly smashing rape straws and root systems in a field, and ploughing and leveling soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25 cm;
e. and (3) field soaking and topdressing: adding water until the water surface is 3-5cm higher than the soil surface, soaking for 2-3 days, removing accumulated water, applying microbial fertilizer, and ploughing and leveling again to a depth of 25-30 cm;
f. sowing rice: selecting saline-alkali tolerant rice, adding water into the field, and sowing the short buds according to the sowing quantity of 12-14 kg/mu after the water surface is flush with the soil surface;
g. standing the rice seedlings: adopting a mode of daily irrigation and night drainage, adding water in the daytime until the water surface is 1-2cm higher than the soil surface, draining water at night until the water surface is flush with the soil surface, and managing a water layer when the rice grows to 3-4 leaves;
h. and (3) crushing again and returning to the field: harvesting mature rice, and directly smashing rice straws into a field through communicating root systems;
i. repeating the above process for 1-2 years.
2. The method for improving the biology of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, the rape variety is Hua YOU ZAO No. 62.
3. The method for improving the biology of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step e, the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 3-4 kg/mu.
4. The method for biologically improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step e, the main components and the parts by weight of the components of the microbial fertilizer are as follows: 30-40 parts of rape straw crushed aggregates, 30-40 parts of rice straw crushed aggregates, 15-20 parts of rape seed cakes, 25-30 parts of composite microorganisms and 80-90 parts of water.
5. The method for improving the biology of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein in the step e, the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
boiling and sterilizing: adding crushed rape straw, crushed rice straw and rape seed cakes into water for infiltration, heating until the water is boiled, keeping boiling for 3-5min, and naturally cooling to 35-37 ℃ to obtain slurry;
secondly, fungus feeding and fermentation: adding the compound microorganism into the slurry, and fermenting at a stirring speed of 30-40r/min and a stirring temperature of 35-37 deg.C for 7-10 days.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said complex microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of azotobacteria, actinomycetes, yeast and cyanobacteria in a ratio of 1:1:1:2 by weight ratio.
7. The method for improving the biology of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, wherein the azotobacter is azotobacter chroococcum.
8. The method for improving the biology of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, wherein the actinomycetes is one or a mixture of streptomyces, nocardia and streptospora.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the cyanobacteria is Spirulina.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in step f, the rice variety is one of Xiushui No. 134, Xiushui No. 121 and Xiushui No. 14.
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