CN103664258A - Method for decomposing boiled straw with soil organism - Google Patents
Method for decomposing boiled straw with soil organism Download PDFInfo
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- CN103664258A CN103664258A CN201310647365.9A CN201310647365A CN103664258A CN 103664258 A CN103664258 A CN 103664258A CN 201310647365 A CN201310647365 A CN 201310647365A CN 103664258 A CN103664258 A CN 103664258A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for decomposing boiled straws with soil organisms. The method is as below: crushing by crushing biomass materials into particle size of 0.1-5 cm; curing by boiling the crushed biomass materials by using natural water for 1-5 min; and deep burying by burying the cured biomass materials in the soil in the depth of at least 10 cm. The biomass materials are straws, tree branches and leaves, sawdust and herbs; and the natural water is natural water with pH value modulated. The method with simple operation steps is easy to control and master, effectively uses soil biological and ecological flora, greatly reduces pathogenic bacteria in the soil, reduces and insect pests of crops, improves the sprouting rate, benefits soil moisture conservation, and can improve soil environment and gradually realize fertile soil for long-term application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that the stalk after a kind of boiling is organic fertilizer through soil organisms decomposition.
Background technology
The major way that utilizes the biological materials such as stalk to convert fertilizer to is straw directly returning to field, and straw directly returning to field has two kinds of working method, and a kind of is to use ion beam induced hereditary change, and stalk is easily pulverized; Or with pulverizer directly by straw chopping and returning." because maize straw is the host of gibberella saubinetii disease pathogen; long-term a large amount of maize straw and retain top layer, farmland; for wheat scab provides good pathogenic bacteria base ", " long-term straw-returning and soil are not ploughed deeply, and are the bases of the serious generation of weeds and disease and pest ".Straw directly returning to field also brings the problems such as preserving soil moisture, bud ratio simultaneously.On September 20th, 2013, < < Science and Technology Daily > > published an article---and < < promptly checks straw-returning wind > >, article is pointed out: in recent years, progressively promote straw-returning, but the serious disease and pest problem of bringing, make people quite unexpected, increased the usage quantity of agricultural chemicals.Resultant food safety and Pesticide Residue are more outstanding.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of easy and simple to handle, effectively utilize soil organisms and ecological flora, reduce pathogenic bacteria in soil, overcome preserving soil moisture that straw directly returning to field produces, method that the stalk after the boiling of the problem such as bud ratio is organic fertilizer through soil organisms decomposition.
The method that stalk after of the present invention boiling is organic fertilizer through soil organisms decomposition, step is as follows:
Pulverize, biological material is pulverized, grinding particle size is 0.1～5cm;
Slaking, the biological material that utilizes natural water that upper step is pulverized boils, and boiling time is 1～5 minute;
Buried, the biological material after slaking is embedded in soil, length of embedment is at least 10 centimetres.
Described biological material is stalk, tree branches, sawdust, careless class; Described pulverizing can be divided into twice and carry out; Described natural water is the natural water after overmodulation pH value.
The method that stalk after of the present invention boiling is organic fertilizer through soil organisms decomposition, simple operating steps, good control, easily grasps.Effectively utilized soil organisms and ecological flora, greatly reduced the pathogenic bacteria in soil, reduced the disease and pest of crop, improved bud ratio, be conducive to the soil moisture conservation of soil, prolonged application can obviously be improved edatope, gradually fertile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the plant root whisker figure of the early stage sample experimental observation of compost made of stalks Wheat Straw control group;
Fig. 2 is the earthworm figure in the fertile district of the early stage sample experimental observation of compost made of stalks wheat;
Fig. 3 is stalk loam buried depth degree experiment picture group;
Fig. 4 is stalk loam buried depth degree contrast picture group;
Tu5Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must be observed large beanstalk Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus experiment picture group by growing state;
Tu6Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must be observed large beanstalk Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus contrast picture group by growing state;
Tu7Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must be observed paddy rice straw Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus experiment picture group by growing state;
Tu8Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must be observed paddy rice straw Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus contrast picture group by growing state;
Tu9Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must be observed Wheat Straw Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus experiment picture group by growing state;
Figure 10 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must be observed Wheat Straw Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus contrast picture group by growing state;
Figure 11 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must be observed paddy straw Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus experiment picture group by growing state;
Figure 12 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must be observed paddy straw Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus contrast picture group by growing state;
Figure 13 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed corn stalk experimental group (8) earthworm figure;
Figure 14 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed corn stalk control group (3) earthworm figure;
Figure 15 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed large beanstalk experimental group (2) earthworm figure;
Figure 16 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed large beanstalk control group (1) earthworm figure;
Figure 17 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed paddy rice straw experimental group (9) earthworm figure;
Figure 18 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed paddy rice straw control groups (2) earthworm figure;
Figure 19 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed Wheat Straw experimental group (2) earthworm figure (control group is without earthworm);
Figure 20 Shi Wuzu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed paddy straw control groups (11) earthworm figure (control group is without earthworm).
Embodiment
The method that stalk after of the present invention boiling is organic fertilizer through soil organisms decomposition, step is as follows:
Pulverize, utilize pulverizer that biological material is pulverized, the mode that can take two steps to pulverize during comminution process, finally makes its grinding particle size between 0.1～5cm; Biological material is weeds in the tree branches in paddy rice straw, Wheat Straw, corn stalk, corn core, large beanstalk, Sunflower Receptacle straw, paddy straw, rape straw, stem and leaf of Buckwheat, cotton straw, tobacco straw, forest zone and sawdust, city, tree branches etc.
Slaking, the biological material that utilizes natural water that upper step is pulverized boils, and boiling time is 1～5 minute.According to the acid-basicity of soil, before boiling, natural water is carried out to pH value modulation, be beneficial to the metabolism of soil ecology flora and the growth of kind of plant.For some soil meta-acids, the heavier plantation area of meta-alkali, first to carry out acid, the modulation of alkali pH value to natural water, for example, the plantation area of laying particular stress on for soil acidity, demand with reference to kind of plant to PH, the appropriate alkaline chemical that adds in natural water, as: NaoH or NaCo
3or NaHCo
3deng, natural water pH value is adjusted to partial neutral or alkalescence on the weak side (also can add according to the growth demand of kind of plant other nutrition such as the micro-fertilizer of part in natural water); The plantation area of laying particular stress on for surface soil alkalinity, demand with reference to kind of plant to PH, the appropriate acidic chemical thing that adds in natural water, as: HcI etc., natural water pH value is adjusted to partial neutral or acidity on the weak side (also can add according to the growth demand of kind of plant other nutrition such as the micro-fertilizer of part in natural water), is beneficial to the metabolism of soil ecology flora and the growth of kind of plant.Due to soil ecology flora dominate in biological fertility, its eubolism will contribute to accelerate the decomposition of stalk, and finally for improving arable soil structure, makes contributions.
Buried, the biological material after slaking (moisture approximately 50%-80%) is embedded in soil, length of embedment is at least 10 centimetres, can be on the basis of local Chang Gengshen degree, then deepen 5-10cm and be advisable.The local arable soil biological group of final dependence (as earthworm, ecological flora etc.) carries out decomposition to the stalk of slaking.By the buried absorption of farm crop root system after raw soil layer also helps decomposition of the stalk of slaking, be conducive to thicken former arable land nutritive layer, also avoided traditional straw-returning and soil not plough deeply weeds and the disease and pest causing.
In order to increase work efficiency, maturing process can utilize the spiral stirring pusher that boils to carry out, and the major parts of this equipment is as follows: 1. have the water container that volume is not less than 500 liters, this water container can be heated to boiling point by contained object material; 2. the spiral stirring pusher that boils, is pushed into after container at material, can limit heating, limit boil, stir on limit, limit advances, limit scum juice separated, slag charge becomes piece, its piece material elasticity can be according to the water content adjusting of piece material requirement.
For aforesaid device, also has other related request: ground toothing not while 1. gathering in crop; 2. crop root can be dug out and participate in stalk grinds ideal; Threshing work while 3. not affecting crop harvesting; 4. pulverizer can carry out twice pulverizing and can tolerate the partly wearing and tearing of soil, sandstone; 5. can be single, double ridge deep ploughing topped after straw-returning; 6. suite of equipment can decompose as required; 7. in the vast area of cultivated area, can be at two ends, arable land or stage casing be equipped with motor-driven boiling water supply equipment.
(1) specific examples 1: the early stage sample experimental observation of compost made of stalks
Paddy straw experimental group: boil in boiling water 3 minutes, water content 79%, imbedded in 20cm soil on June 9th, 2012, sampling on September 10 the same year.It is frangible that hand is twisted with the fingers stalk, sees and in compost made of stalks, have plant root whisker and earthworm (as Fig. 1,2).
(2) the decomposition experimental observation of 2: five kinds of stalks of specific examples
Select corn stalk, large beanstalk, paddy rice straw, Wheat Straw, paddy straw to be crushed to 0.1 twice---5cm, be divided into experimental group and control group, experimental group stalk all boils 5 minutes, and water content is to bury in 70% left and right, and control group buries with dry straw.Buried to the raw soil layer 35-40cm that ploughs, each experimental and control group fore-and-aft clearance 20cm, both sides spacing 60cm, was buried in the earth on April 10th, 2013, and sampling on September 12 the same year is observed and is detected.
Note: due to experiment soil soda acid appropriateness, so boiling liquid is not adjusted PH.
First see stalk soil buried depth degree 35-40cm, as Fig. 3,4.
Five groups of stalk fertilizer experimental observation contents are followed successively by plant root whisker, earthworm growth, microorganism culturing, free urea and phosphorus, the potassium in compost made of stalks district etc.
1, five groups of straw plants root system contrasts
When first group of maize straw ties up to sampling due to experimental group Radix Folium Allii tuberosi by sliding trackle, therefore this group cannot be carried out paired observation.Since second group of soybean stalk, to the 5th group of paddy stalk leek root system figure, as Fig. 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12.
2, Wu Zu compost made of stalks district earthworm growing state is observed
the earthworm quantity statistics that each group finds in stalk fertilizer sampling process is as following table:
As Figure 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20.
3, the microorganism culturing in five kinds of stalk fertilizer
Method: get 1 gram, stalk fertilizer, add physiological saline to 9ml, vibration, is diluted to 10
-5, 36 ℃, 24h cultivates, and calculates colony-forming unit.
Reagent: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Petrifilm testing plate.
microorganism culturing in five kinds of composts made of stalks
4, five groups of composts made of stalks detected result of free inorganics partly
For the detection of free inorganics in stalk, mainly get three and detected index, the one, blood urea nitrogen (note: experiment Tanaka does not use chemical fertilizer), the 2nd, potassium, the 3rd, phosphorus, detected result is as following table
five kinds of composts made of stalks are free inorganics detected result partly
* " % ± " means experimental group and control group comparison; Experimental group height be "
+" number, low is "-" number.
Analyze and discuss
1, about Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must experimental observation
This tests first group of maize straw, during due to sampling, having destroyed Radix Folium Allii tuberosi must, therefore cannot contrast, but can find out from photo, between large beanstalk experimental group and control group, cannot find out difference, but paddy rice group can be slightly longer compared with control group with the coring of wheat experimental group, and paddy straw experimental group and control group comparison can obviously find out that coring is more flourishing.In a word, impact from compost made of stalks on Radix Folium Allii tuberosi palpus, between experimental group and control group, there is different, that is to say, during " slaking " stalk after boiling is buried 6 months in soil, nutritive ingredient wherein is more easily utilized by the coring of crop, although difference is also little outwardly, its intension is very deep.
2, about the experimental observation of earthworm
Five compost made of stalks experimental group all find earthworm, add up to 32, and take little earthworm as main, in corn stalk and paddy straw fertilizer, are especially all little earthworm, if little, are all difficult to see to not noting, have obviously become " the child-bearing nest " of earthworm.And control group earthworm sum is only 6, wherein two groups are not even found earthworm.There is scholar's title of publishing an article on Chinese science report on October 24th, 2013: " earthworm as the slip-stick artist > of the < ecosystem can by ' carbon is stable ' and the not reciprocity promotion of ' carbon mineralising ' are conducive to only admittedly depositing of carbon ".Slaking stalk is the performance in the propagation in arable soil and its ecological functions to earthworm, will play good effect.According to data introduction, earthworm is the major portion of invertebrates in soil, is most important soil animal.The quantity of general agricultural land soil per hectare earthworm can reach 300,000, more in fertile vegetable soil.Every year by the soil per hectare in earthworm body, approximately there is 37500kg dry weight.These soil not only organic matter wherein can be used as their foodstuff, and mineral composition is also subject to the biochemical action of mechanical mill in earthworm body and various digestive enzymeses and changes.Therefore the organic matter containing in wormcast, full nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, replacement calcium and magnesium, available P and potassium, degree of base saturation and cation exchange capacity are all apparently higher than soil.Therefore in soil, the quantity of earthworm often can be used as one of factor of evaluation soil fertility.A large amount of earthworms is the sign of regulation rich soil.
3, about the observation of microorganism in compost made of stalks
From microorganism culturing, every gram of five compost made of stalks experimental group is with 10
-5dilution, amounting to and cultivating colony-forming unit is 392, average every group (gram) there is 7,840,000, microorganism in compost made of stalks, control group total number of bacterial colony is 315, average every group (gram) there is 6,300,000, microorganism in compost made of stalks, experimental group exceeds 24% than control group, what this differentiated result was clear and definite tells us, " slaking stalk " is conducive to the procreation of soil ecology flora, also tell us simultaneously, though control group buries for dry straw, but due to the buried dark soil layer at 35-40cm, be conducive to keep Soil moisture and temperature, thereby be conducive to the procreation of micro-ecological bacterial group in experimental group and control group compost made of stalks.And the soil organism is the main source of the required nutrient of soil microorganisms vital movement and energy, microorganism is occupied an leading position in soil biological fertility, the ability of its population diversity and decomposed substance thereof is the basis of realizing soil material circulation and Nutrient Transformation, in recovery and maintenance of soil fertility, plays an important role.This is the strategic requirement of sustainable ecological agriculture development, is also the reality needs that pollution-free green food is produced.
4, about the observation of the free inorganics of part in stalk
From above-mentioned stalk educt detection table, can find out, except blood urea nitrogen and the phosphorus in 3 groups of paddy rice straw, the detected result of potassium in blood urea nitrogen in 4 groups of paddy straw, potassium, phosphorus and 5 groups of paddy straw, the numerical value of control group is all higher than outside experimental group, and the detected result of all the other experimental group is all higher than control group.Comprehensive average statistics result to the free inorganics of five groups of composts made of stalks is: the average every group of 0.2mg(kg stalk of blood urea nitrogen experimental group), and average every group of control group is 0.1786mg, and experimental group exceeds 11.98% compared with control group; The content of potassium, average every group of five experimental group are 0.3198mg, and control group is 0.2886mg, and experimental group exceeds 10.81% than control group; The content of phosphorus, average every group of five experimental group are 0.2844mg, and control group is 0.2196mg, and experimental group exceeds 29.5% than control group.From the organism dropping into being converted to inorganics, by root system of plant, absorbed at any time under the prerequisite of utilizing with microorganism, the data of experimental group, still higher than control group, illustrate that " slaking " is conducive to the decomposition of stalk.
, the observation of water content in compost made of stalks
When experimental group stalk is placed into the soil, water content is about 68-70%, 6 months be unearthed after, water content average out to 43.5%; When control group stalk is buried in the earth, be dry straw, after being unearthed, average every group of stalk water content is 36.6%, and experimental group stalk water content is higher by 18.8% than control group.
Microorganism is decomposed organic need certain moisture and temperature, and the soil water, thermal conditions directly affect the power of biological procedures.Universal law be temperature at 30 ℃, soil water content is close to water retaining capacity 60%-80%, decomposition intensity of organic substances is large.Temperature and water content during below or above best point, all can weaken organic degree of decomposition, and its is again the main source of plant water suction simultaneously.
In order to make that experimental result is had to a complete understanding, existing that foregoing comprehensive list is as follows:
five groups of compost made of stalks controlled observation content directories
In sum, the stalk experimental group after boiling is conducive to the earthworm procreation growth of " height rich soil sign ".Be conducive to the growth procreation of the soil microorganisms of " dominate in soil biological fertility ", although be faced with the contention of root system of plant to nutrition, the microorganism of experimental group is still higher than control group 24%.Scientists is all known, stalk---be a kind of organism that is difficult to decomposition, but under soil organisms group's effect, or some is decomposed into inorganics within the time of 6 months, under the prerequisite of being utilized by root system of plant and microorganism on decomposition limit, limit, the numerical value of experimental group has still exceeded 17.43% than control group.
Above-mentioned description of test, by twice pulverizing of stalk, through boiling, be with the depth of water to bury in raw soil layer, is conducive to soil organisms population---the particularly growth procreation of earthworm and micropopulation, thus accelerate the decomposition to stalk, make it be converted into soil organic fertilizer.
It should be noted that, because the regional soil acidity or alkalinity of experiment is moderate, so do not adjust pH value in boil water.Because P in soil H relates to the growth of micro-ecological bacterial, relate to soil material and transform, for soil acid base imbalance area especially when noting.
Claims (2)
1. the method that the stalk after boiling is organic fertilizer through soil organisms decomposition, is characterized in that: step is as follows:
Pulverize, biological material is pulverized, grinding particle size is 0.1～5cm;
Slaking, the biological material that utilizes natural water that upper step is pulverized boils, and boiling time is 1～5 minute;
Buried, the biological material after slaking is embedded in soil, length of embedment is at least 10 centimetres.
2. the method that the stalk after according to claim 1 boiling is organic fertilizer through soil organisms decomposition, is characterized in that: described biological material is stalk, tree branches, sawdust, careless class; Described pulverizing can be divided into twice and carry out; Described natural water is the natural water after overmodulation pH value.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110982570A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-04-10 | 安徽鑫邦生物质资源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of biomass granular fuel with moisture-proof and high-heat-value functions |
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Application publication date: 20140326 |