CN106258815A - A kind of water-saving and yield-increasing making full use of natural rainfall reduces discharging rice irrigation method - Google Patents
A kind of water-saving and yield-increasing making full use of natural rainfall reduces discharging rice irrigation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106258815A CN106258815A CN201610645355.5A CN201610645355A CN106258815A CN 106258815 A CN106258815 A CN 106258815A CN 201610645355 A CN201610645355 A CN 201610645355A CN 106258815 A CN106258815 A CN 106258815A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water-saving and yield-increasing making full use of natural rainfall and reduce discharging rice irrigation method, the method is to the control storing the rain upper limit after irrigating the control of lower limit, the control irrigating the upper limit and rain in Oryza sativa L. water-pouring process；The method is irrigated bound and proposes the Optimal Control index of point period of duration according to irrigation tests result for many years, solve Oryza sativa L. and fit the rain irrigation method irrigation lower limit problem that stage setup measures is unreasonable, Con trolling index practicality is the strongest too low, each；Storing the rain upper limit after rain and flood result of the test according to Oryza sativa L. is resistance to, it is proposed that the optimal water depth of each period of duration, will not suppress vegetative growth of rice plants and spikelet differentiation, the Oryza sativa L. of solution fits rain irrigation method can not stable yields, the problem of volume increase.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agricultural water-saving irrigation in irrigation and water conservancy field, be a kind of water-saving and yield-increasing making full use of natural rainfall
The rice irrigation method reduced discharging.
Background technology
Oryza sativa L. is one of China's staple food crop, is also water consumption, the fertile most cereal crops of consumption.China Oryza sativa L. in 2014
Cultivated area is 0.3 hundred million hm2, accounting for the 30.0% of the total cultivated area of cereal crops, yield is close to the half of total output of grain.China
The Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area of 93% is irrigated farmland, and the irrigation water capacity of Oryza sativa L. accounts for more than 1/3rd in National Agricultural water,
One of agricultural water resources principal element becoming restriction Rice Production in short supply.At present, Oryza sativa L. still based on broad irrigation, the method
Irrigation water capacity is relatively big, and (as a example by Zhejiang Province, the actual irrigation water capacity per mu in area portion rice field, coastal plain is even more than
1000m3), displacement is big and takes a large amount of fertilizer out of, easily causes that fertilizer utilization efficiency is the highest, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area emission problem is dashed forward
Go out.
Since the nineties in 20th century, all parts of the country are summed up or have introduced multiple rice water-saving irrigation technique, including " thin shallow wet
Shine ", " thin dew ", " shallow wet solarization ", " intermittent irrigation ", " control irrigate ", " arid cultivation ", " film mulching cultivation ", " storing rain to irrigate " etc.,
Good effect is achieved in terms of rice water-saving volume increase.Its core is to pour water water depth by reducing rice field single, and fits
Time fall dry dry field, it is achieved economize on water and promote paddy growth.2012, Zhejiang Province in Fujian, Hubei, the area studies such as Anhui promote
On the basis of " storing rain to irrigate ", having researched and proposed Oryza sativa L. and fitted rain irrigation method, the method bases oneself upon Oryza sativa L. floods and droughts using rice field as one
Individual wet land system considers, is replaced by drought and waterlogging, plays rice field to greatest extent and stores rain comprehensive benefit.
Existing Rice irrigation technical method there is problems in that
Every water-saving irrigation technique with " thin shallow wet solarization ", " shallow wet solarization ", " intermittent irrigation " etc. as representative, unilaterally payes attention to
The control of irrigation index, the most fully coordinates the relation that rainfall utilizes and irrigates, is unfavorable for rainfall utilization rate in irrigation of paddy fields
Raising, the saving further of irrigating water quality, the abatement of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area discharge." Oryza sativa L. fits rain irrigation method " is by irrigating
Before accumulate rainwater to greatest extent after drought stress and rainfall to greatest extent, make use of rainfall to greatest extent, suitable
Bigger effect can be played under condition of raining.But the deficiency of the method is: one is to irrigate lower limit and store the rain upper limit
Pursue ultimate attainment on setup measures, do not take into account the consideration drought-enduring and resistance to ability of flooding of crop different growth phases, easily cause and nourish and grow
Suppression or spikelet differentiation are the best；Two is to irrigate lower limit to use the metering of soil negative pressure value, there is bigger application difficulty in actual popularization,
Peasant household cannot grasp and use；Three be volume increase, emission reduction effect stability bad, need under certain condition of raining, competence exertion
Effect, is likely to occur the underproduction and increases discharge capacity under partial condition.
The problem existed based on above-mentioned irrigation technique, also needs to carry out for Rice irrigation lower limit, the irrigation upper limit, the storage rain upper limit
In-depth study and improvement, be beneficial to rice field water-saving, increase production, reduce discharging the stable performance of comprehensive benefit.One is to pass through irrigation tests
Research optimizes the irrigation bound index different with distinguishing each growing stage, and two is to be flooded experimental study optimization by resistance to and distinguished each
The storage rain index that growing stage is different, three is to consider irrigation, the combination of storage rain index, and four is by promoting and practice proposition
The understandable easy-operating control method of irrigation of peasant household.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency, the present invention tests based on Rice irrigation for many years, the resistance to experience flooding test, Technique Popularizing, for sending out
Wave south rice main producing region rice field water-saving, increase production, reduce discharging, efficient comprehensive benefit, it is provided that a kind of natural rainfall that makes full use of
Water-saving and yield-increasing reduces discharging rice irrigation method.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows: a kind of joint making full use of natural rainfall
Water volume increase reduces discharging rice irrigation method, and the method is to irrigating the control of lower limit, irrigating the control of the upper limit in Oryza sativa L. water-pouring process
The control of the rain upper limit is stored after system and rain；Particularly as follows:
(1) the rice striking root phase: do not meet rainfall, reach to irrigate when irrigating lower limit (field water layer is less than 5mm), reach to fill
Irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 30mm) to stop irrigating；Such as rainfall, then when field accumulation rainwater water layer reaches 50mm by unnecessary rain
Water is discharged；
(2) rice tillering early stage: do not meet rainfall, (paddy soil moisture content is less than saturated aqueous rate to reach to irrigate lower limit
80%) irrigate time, reach to irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 20-30mm) and stop irrigating；Such as rainfall, then accumulate rain in field
When water water layer reaches 70mm, unnecessary rainwater is discharged；
(3) in the rice tillering later stage: do not meet rainfall, (paddy soil moisture content is less than saturated aqueous rate to reach to irrigate lower limit
70%) irrigate time, reach to irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 20-30mm) and stop irrigating；Such as rainfall, then accumulate in field
When rainwater water layer reaches 20-30mm, unnecessary rainwater is discharged；
(4) Oryza sativa L. jointing-booting stage: do not meet rainfall, (paddy soil moisture content is less than saturated aqueous rate to reach to irrigate lower limit
90%) time irrigate, reach irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 30mm) stop irrigate；Such as rainfall, then accumulate rain in field
When water water layer reaches 120mm, unnecessary rainwater is discharged；
(5) in Rice Heading florescence: do not meet rainfall, reach to irrigate when irrigating lower limit (field water layer is 0mm), reach
Irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 30mm) to stop irrigating；Such as rainfall, then when field accumulation rainwater water layer reaches 100mm by unnecessary
Rainwater is discharged；
(6) rice milky ripe stage: do not meet rainfall, (paddy soil moisture content is less than saturated aqueous rate to reach to irrigate lower limit
80%) irrigate time, reach to irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 20mm) and stop irrigating；Such as rainfall, then accumulate rainwater in field
When water layer reaches 60mm, unnecessary rainwater is discharged；
(7) the Oryza sativa L. stage of yellow ripeness: naturally fall dry, face, field is without hydrops.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention irrigates bound and proposes mitogenetic educating according to irrigation tests result for many years
The Optimal Control index of phase, solves Oryza sativa L. and fits rain irrigation method unreasonable, the Con trolling index of irrigation lower limit stage too low, each differentiation
The problem that practicality is the strongest；Store the rain upper limit after rain and flood result of the test according to Oryza sativa L. is resistance to, it is proposed that the optimal water layer of each period of duration is deep
Degree, will not suppress vegetative growth of rice plants and spikelet differentiation, and the Oryza sativa L. of solution fits rain irrigation method can not stable yields, the problem of volume increase.
After using the present invention, the relative masses are accustomed to irrigation method can realize increasing production of rice about 5%, saves irrigation water about 30%,
Reduce paddy field drainage more than 20% (i.e. reducing rice field area source pollutants discharge at least 10%)；The most existing water-saving irrigation method can
To realize increasing production of rice about 2%, water saving about 10%, reduces paddy field drainage more than 10%；Oryza sativa L. relatively fits rain irrigation method
Increasing production of rice about 5% can be realized, and be easy to peasant household's grasp.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
The present invention is to store on rain after irrigating the control of lower limit, the control irrigating the upper limit and rain in Oryza sativa L. water-pouring process
The control of limit；
(1) irrigation management
It is summed up, following 4 points of main grasp:
1) pour water at 20 millimeters to 30 millimeters every time.
2) will fall after pouring water dry open field every time naturally, and the degree in open field will be according to Rice Growing stage needing water to require
Fixed.
3) meeting plum rain season and the continuous rainfall of typhoon period, the waterflooding of face, field, more than 5 days, draining to fall dry open field.
4) meet prevention and elimination of disease and pests and fertilising time, should with irrigate properly combine, to obey and meet prevention and elimination of disease and pests and
The water yield that fertilising needs.
5) requiring whole field according to Rice Cropping, face, field is smooth, and ridge is without leakage loss.
Table 1 is the water consumpation control table of embodiments of the invention one, unit: mm；
Table 2 is the water consumpation control table of embodiments of the invention two, unit: mm；
Note: θsFor saturated soil moisture content.
1. early stage (transplanting～tiller later stage～jointing)
After transplanting the 5th day can carry out open field for the first time, if now still there is water layer in field, then wants draining to fall dry, and fertility is slightly
Good field there will be honeybee mud.Irrigate thin water layer later, control water layer 20-30 millimeter, then it is dry to allow it naturally fall.Open field degree afterwards
Increase the weight of, thin water can be filled again to table soil fine fisssure, so until the tiller later stage.
When every clump of tiller has 13～15, and rice seedling is light green, also tiller growing way, at this moment increases the weight of open field, ftractures to face, field
10 millimeter, do not fall into foot between Tanaka, leaf color takes off light.Thin water layer 30 millimeter is filled when jointing stage still each open field is to cracking.
If running into rainfall, deep 50 millimeters to 70 millimeters of field maximum water-retention, substantially keep field waterflooding 5～can oneself after 6 days
So fall dry.
2. mid-term (jointing～booting～heading)
Boot stage and heading stage are to need water peak period, so, the dry degree that falls is slightly light, and each open field to field is without hydrops or micro-
Row, fill Bao Shuiruo again and run into rainfall, and deep 100 millimeters to 120 millimeters of field maximum water-retention keeps field waterflooding 5～after 6 days substantially
Can naturally fall dry.When breaking out such as banded sclerotial blight, in addition to timely medical treatment, open field can be increased the weight of, lower field relative temperature, have
It is beneficial to the diseases such as suppression banded sclerotial blight.
3. later stage (milking maturity～yellow maturity)
Now Oryza sativa L. also needs certain moisture, and this period increases the weight of open field degree, after milk stage starts to pour water every time, falls to doing dew
Ftractureing 2 millimeter to face, field table soil in field, until spike of rice apical kernels becomes faint yellow, i.e. enters the stage of yellow ripeness, if running into rainfall,
Deep 60 millimeters of field maximum water-retention, substantially keeps field waterflooding 5～can naturally fall dry after 6 days.The stage of yellow ripeness does not fills
Water, field lacks opens, and allows it naturally fall dry.
(2) fertilising coordinates
1. dose uses the Fertilization Level that fertilization compositions based on earth measurement project team of Zhejiang Province is recommended, average purity nitrogen 225kg/hm2、
Phosphorus pentoxide 100kg/hm2, potassium oxide 120kg/hm2.Wherein, soil testing basic fertility is higher, and purity nitrogen Fertilization Level can be fitted
When reducing 5%-10%.
2. fertilization mode is base manure 50%, tillering fertilizer 30%, jointing fertilizer 20%.
3. opportunity of applying fertilizer is that base manure applies when whole field, and tillering fertilizer 10～15 days (tiller early stage) after transplanting topdresses, and pulls out
Joint fertilizer applies at jointing-booting stage for first 5 days.Topdress and field must be kept to have water layer, water depth to control at about 20mm.
(3) implementation result
Finding in Technique Popularizing, this method increases than masses traditional approach (basining irrigation irrigation, 50% base manure+50% tillering fertilizer)
Produce 4%-6%, save irrigation quantity 25%-35%, reduce displacement 25%-49%, reduce total nitrogen discharged 14%-23%, reduce
Ammonia nitrogen discharge 10%-64%, reduces COD and discharges 14%-24%.Concrete outcome be shown in Table 3 and table 4 (Data Source is that Ministry of Water Resources pushes away
Wide project " south rice irrigated area water saving anti-soil technology Demonstration And Extension application " popularization district of Zhejiang Province control point data).
Table 3 is the embodiment of the present invention two and masses' traditional approach water-saving and yield-increasing contrast table:
Table 4 is the embodiment of the present invention two and masses' traditional approach reduction of discharging contrast table:
Claims (1)
1. the water-saving and yield-increasing making full use of natural rainfall reduces discharging rice irrigation method, it is characterised in that the method include with
Lower step:
(1) the rice striking root phase: do not meet rainfall, reach to irrigate when irrigating lower limit (field water layer is less than 5mm), reach to irrigate
Limit (field water layer 30mm) stops irrigating；Such as rainfall, then when field accumulation rainwater water layer reaches 50mm by unnecessary Water in Rainwater Drainage
Go out；
(2) rice tillering early stage: do not meet rainfall, reaches to irrigate lower limit (paddy soil moisture content is less than the 80% of saturated aqueous rate)
Shi Jinhang irrigates, and reaches to irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 20-30mm) and stops irrigating；Such as rainfall, then accumulate rainwater water in field
Unnecessary rainwater is discharged when reaching 70mm by layer；
(3) in the rice tillering later stage: do not meet rainfall, reach to irrigate lower limit (paddy soil moisture content is less than the 70% of saturated aqueous rate)
Shi Jinhang irrigates, and reaches to irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 20-30mm) and stops irrigating；Such as rainfall, then accumulate rainwater water in field
Unnecessary rainwater is discharged when reaching 20-30mm by layer；
(4) Oryza sativa L. jointing-booting stage: do not meet rainfall, (paddy soil moisture content is less than saturated aqueous rate to reach to irrigate lower limit
90%) irrigate time, reach to irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 30mm) and stop irrigating；Such as rainfall, then accumulate rainwater in field
When water layer reaches 120mm, unnecessary rainwater is discharged；
(5) in Rice Heading florescence: do not meet rainfall, reach to irrigate when irrigating lower limit (field water layer is 0mm), reach to irrigate
The upper limit (field water layer 30mm) stops irrigating；Such as rainfall, then when field accumulation rainwater water layer reaches 100mm by unnecessary rainwater
Discharge；
(6) rice milky ripe stage: do not meet rainfall, when reaching to irrigate lower limit (paddy soil moisture content is less than the 80% of saturated aqueous rate)
Irrigate, reach to irrigate the upper limit (field water layer 20mm) and stop irrigating；Such as rainfall, then reach at field accumulation rainwater water layer
During 60mm, unnecessary rainwater is discharged；
(7) the Oryza sativa L. stage of yellow ripeness: naturally fall dry, face, field is without hydrops.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108371060A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-08-07 | 湖南省水利水电科学研究院 | Rice field water-saving and emission-reducing irrigation method |
| CN110089373A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-06 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of water-saving irrigation method can be reduced cold region rice greenhouse gas emission |
| CN112666093A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-16 | 扬州大学 | Method for determining soil drying degree according to rice leaf color ratio |
| CN117474315A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2024-01-30 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Rice field carbon nitrogen phosphorus water control emission reduction technology based on risk period and water-soil-gas microenvironment |
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| CN1209264A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-03-03 | 冯晋臣(代表人) | High-efficiency water-saving wall and cultivation technology of laying out mulch film at wall and bottom and making multiple holes in fields |
| CN1370400A (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-09-25 | 余姚市机电排灌站 | No water layer rice irrigating method |
| CN102630539A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-08-15 | 浙江省水利河口研究院 | Method for irrigating rice by appropriately utilizing rainwater |
| CN102771356A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-11-14 | 河海大学 | Efficient water-saving cultivation method for rice in cold areas |
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2016
- 2016-08-08 CN CN201610645355.5A patent/CN106258815A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1209264A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-03-03 | 冯晋臣(代表人) | High-efficiency water-saving wall and cultivation technology of laying out mulch film at wall and bottom and making multiple holes in fields |
| CN1370400A (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-09-25 | 余姚市机电排灌站 | No water layer rice irrigating method |
| CN102630539A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-08-15 | 浙江省水利河口研究院 | Method for irrigating rice by appropriately utilizing rainwater |
| CN102771356A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-11-14 | 河海大学 | Efficient water-saving cultivation method for rice in cold areas |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108371060A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-08-07 | 湖南省水利水电科学研究院 | Rice field water-saving and emission-reducing irrigation method |
| CN110089373A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-06 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of water-saving irrigation method can be reduced cold region rice greenhouse gas emission |
| CN112666093A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-16 | 扬州大学 | Method for determining soil drying degree according to rice leaf color ratio |
| CN117474315A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2024-01-30 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Rice field carbon nitrogen phosphorus water control emission reduction technology based on risk period and water-soil-gas microenvironment |
| CN117474315B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2024-04-16 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Rice field carbon nitrogen phosphorus water control emission reduction method based on risk period and water-soil-gas microenvironment |
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