CN102138398A - High-yield sunflower culturing technology based on drip irrigation - Google Patents
High-yield sunflower culturing technology based on drip irrigation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102138398A CN102138398A CN2010105868120A CN201010586812A CN102138398A CN 102138398 A CN102138398 A CN 102138398A CN 2010105868120 A CN2010105868120 A CN 2010105868120A CN 201010586812 A CN201010586812 A CN 201010586812A CN 102138398 A CN102138398 A CN 102138398A
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield sunflower culturing technology based on drip irrigation, belonging to the technical field of crop culture. According to the invention, aiming at the biological characteristics of the sunflower, seven matched culturing technologies, namely soil selection, reasonable compact planting, early sowing at proper time, scientific fertilizing, water-saving drip irrigation, assistant pollination and in-time harvest are utilized, so that the purposes of high yield and water conservation can be achieved. The high-yield sunflower culturing technology based on drip irrigation is strong in pertinence, has the effects of water and fertilizer conservation, labor saving, high yield and high efficiency, and is wide in popularization and application prospect.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the agriculture cultivation technology field, relate to a kind of drip irrigation sunflower high-yield culture technique.
Background technology:
Sunflower is a kind of emerging economic crops and oil crop, is the important raw material of industry, has now become second-biggest-in-the-world oil crop.Sunflower has the characteristics of drought resisting, barren-resistant, salt tolerant alkali, and northern area has nearly 2/3 all to be the saline land, and just suitable development sunflower produces.The sunflower strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, the structure of can improving the soil, minimizing water and soil loss can utilize and improve the low and medium-yield farmland, and be significant for saline and alkaline area of development and arid area agricultural.
China's shortage of water resources, it is special that per capita water resources quantity is less at vast northern area, and it is 6810m that per hectare is on average occupied water resources quantity
3, water shortage has seriously limited the raising of agricultural production, however irrigation efficiency is low and water waste is again a very outstanding problem of northern area.At present, sunflower cultivation is still adopted traditional furrow irrigation culture technique mostly, can't accomplish high yield and efficiently combines, and therefore, has seriously restricted the raising of sunflower output.Mainly there is following problem in traditional sunflower culture technique: the one, and water consumption is bigger, has wasted water resource.The 2nd, seeding quality is poor, causes the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, and it is uneven to emerge.The 3rd, the liquid manure not science of planning strategies for can not be according to as needing the timely supply of liquid manure rule, and field management is extensive.Research adopts the drip irrigation mode to plant the sunflower technology, for effective protection with utilize water resource, improves sunflower output and has important practical significance.
Summary of the invention:
To the objective of the invention is the problem that exists in traditional sunflower culture technique in order solving,, to provide a kind of culture technique of high-yield and high-efficiency, reach the purpose of sunflower high yield and water saving at the biological character of sunflower.Drip irrigation sunflower culture technique has the effect of water saving, joint fertilizer, saving of labor, high-yield and high-efficiency.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.This drip irrigation sunflower high-yield culture technique comprises to be selected soil, rational close planting, sowing date for early sowing, applies fertilizers scientifically, water-saving drip irrigation, supplementary pollination, in time gather in the crops seven corresponding cultivation techniques:
Soil select to be selected crops for rotation such as cotton, wheat, corn, tomato, requires crop rotation more than 3 years, and the soil should select that topsoil is deep, soil fertility is higher, preserve moisture and fertility, excessively drained field, and the content of organic matter is more than 2%, and P in soil H value is about 7.
Rational close planting sunflower stalk height, stem are thick, rational close planting, help ventilation and penetrating light, improve photosynthesis, and principle is food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind, and is suitable rare; Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind, suitable close; Sunflower is adopted line-spacing configuration modes such as 60cm, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers 4000～5000 strain/mus of keeping a full stand of seedings are eaten certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind 2500～3000 strain/mus of keeping a full stand of seedings, and have both guaranteed under this density conditions that ontogeny was good, can improve population yield again.
The sowing date for early sowing sunflower is shorter breeding time, date of seeding the choice than broad, 10～20 April date of seeding of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind, 5～15 April date of seeding of food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind.
Applying fertilizers scientifically needs 4.4～6.5 kilograms of purity nitrogens approximately according to 100 kilograms of seeds of general formation, 1.5～2.5 kilograms of five phosphorous oxide, 6～8 kilograms of potassium oxides, the base manure amount of application accounts for 70% in the high-yield culturing, topdressing accounts for 30%, 80% phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are manured into soil with dripping.
The general drip irrigation of water-saving drip irrigation sunflower whole growing 6～7 times.When June, early and middle ten days was buddingged, carry out drip irrigation the 1st time, irrigation quantity 40～50m3/ mu, according to sunflower growth and 1 water of 12～15 days drip irrigations in the every interval of weather, the amount of dripping must not be less than 40m at every turn behind the 1st water
3/ mu applies fertilizer with water in conjunction with drip irrigation.
Supplementary pollination is in order to improve ripening rate, carries out artificial supplementary pollination in sunflower Sheng phase of blooming, and rubs mutually with powder puff or floral disc and all can, carried out once every 2～3 days, award altogether 2～3 times, at 11～13 o'clock in morning time, pollination is overcast and rainyly forbidden in afternoon 16～19 o'clock.
In time results are when the flavescence of sunflower cane, and the middle and upper part blade is faint yellow, and the floral disc back side is yellowish-brown, and ligulate flower dries up or comes off, and can gather in the crops when pericarp is hard.Oil the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers maturing stage late August to early September, the food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers maturing stage on September, the middle ten days.
The technical solution used in the present invention at the biological character design culture technique scheme of this drip irrigation sunflower kind, has been found out a cover high yield water saving cultivation technique.Show, to have rational group structure through the multiple spot result of the test, made full use of photo-thermal, water and fertilizer condition, make individuality and colony can both obtain harmonic growth, make the sunflower kind give play to bigger yield potential by sunflower being implemented the drip irrigation economize cultivation.
The present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
1, the present invention adopts in good time planting early enough, can well utilize the soil moisture content in early spring, guarantees early to emerge, go out full stand, can adopt to drip for the relatively poor plot of soil moisture content and emerge.
2, the present invention adopts drip irrigation irrigation method plantation, can the amount of conserving water 60%～70%, just really reach the purpose of water saving; Can reduce simultaneously moisture competition between plant, coordinate the individual and colony's contradiction of sunflower.
But 3 increasing both production and income owing to adopt drip irrigation cultivation technology, can be satisfied the requirement of sunflower liquid manure economical, effectively, improve sunflower output.In the test region, under equal cultivation condition, than tradition furrow irrigation planting technology sunflower volume increase 15%.The technology of the present invention has promotional value in replay sunflower district.
Embodiment:
This test is located at 130 of farming seven teachers of Xinjiang formation, 80 mu of areas, 40 mu of contrast areas, the test kind is the general varieties of plant (KWS303 in Xinjiang, assorted No. 4 of new certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, new certain herbaceous plants with big flowers No. 6), the contrast field is according to local tradition furrow irrigation planting patterns, test period 2008～2009.
A kind of drip irrigation sunflower high-yield culture technique comprises following step:
1, stubble was corn field, soil organic matter content＞0.8%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 〉=50 mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 〉=50 mg/kg, soil salt content＜0.3% before soil was selected this ground.Carried out the autumn ploughing winter irrigation before winter.Tilling depth is more than 25 centimetres, the tilling depth unanimity, and it is even to turn over the ridge.
2, rational close planting planting density is 4500～5000 strain/mus.
3, sowing date for early sowing requires to guarantee 2～3 in every cave, seed level 2～3cm generally in mid-April sowing time.
4, applying fertilizers scientifically sunflower fertilising should be based on base manure, to topdress be auxilliary; Nitrogenous fertilizer is that master, phosphate fertilizer are auxilliary.In conjunction with ploughing, 70%～80% of 40%～50% and phosphate fertilizer of whole organic manure, nitrogenous fertilizer is done base manure holostrome deep placement, the ratio of sunflower absorbed nitrogen in all one's life, phosphorus, potassium is roughly 1: O.46: 0.84, when the 1st～5 drip irrigation, every mu drips successively with water and to execute urea 3Kg, 4Kg, 5Kg, 4Kg, 4Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1Kg, 1Kg, 1.5Kg, 1.5Kg, 1Kg.
5, water-saving drip irrigation drip irrigation sunflower is dripped 5～6 times vegetative period, and the 1st water is at squaring period (early and middle ten days in June), and the amount of dripping is 40～50m
3/ mu was irritated 1 water in 12～15 days according to sunflower growth and the every interval of weather behind the 1st water, and the amount of dripping is no less than 40m at every turn
3/ mu, the 6th water can or not irrigated according to temperature and the precipitation decision amount of dripping before and after August 20.
6, supplementary pollination is at the sunflower full-bloom stage, every morning 11～13 o'clock, and pollination every artificial supplementary pollination in 2～3 days, continuous 2～3 times, is overcast and rainyly forbidden with powder puff in afternoon 16～19 o'clock.
7, in time results are when the flavescence of sunflower cane, and the middle and upper part blade is faint yellow, and the floral disc back side is yellowish-brown, and ligulate flower dries up or comes off, and can gather in the crops when pericarp is hard.Oil the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers maturing stage late August to early September, the food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers maturing stage on September, the middle ten days.The output performance, test region oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers average yield per mu 251.3Kg, contrast average yield per mu 214.8Kg, average every mu of volume increase sunflower seed 36.5Kg.
Claims (1)
1. drip irrigation sunflower culture technique is characterized in that comprising and selects soil, rational close planting, sowing date for early sowing, applies fertilizers scientifically, water-saving irrigation, supplementary pollination, in time gathers in the crops seven supporting culture techniques:
Soil select to be selected crops for rotation such as cotton, wheat, corn, tomato, requires crop rotation more than 3 years, the soil should select topsoil deep, go up that the earth fertility is higher, preserve moisture and fertility, excessively drained field, the content of organic matter is more than 2%, P in soil H value is about 7.
Rational close planting sunflower stalk height, stem are thick, rational close planting, help ventilation and penetrating light, improve photosynthesis, and principle is food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind, and is suitable rare; Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind, suitable close; Sunflower is adopted line-spacing configuration modes such as 60cm, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers 4000～5000 strain/mus of keeping a full stand of seedings are eaten certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind 2500～3000 strain/mus of keeping a full stand of seedings, and have both guaranteed under this density conditions that ontogeny was good, can improve population yield again.
The sowing date for early sowing sunflower is shorter breeding time, date of seeding the choice than broad, 10～20 April date of seeding of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind, 5～15 April date of seeding of food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind.
Applying fertilizers scientifically does not need 4.4～6.5 kilograms of purity nitrogens approximately according to generally not forming 100 kilograms of seeds, 1.5～2.5 kilograms of five phosphorous oxide, the base manure amount of application accounts for 70% in 6～8 kilograms of high-yield culturings of potassium oxide, and topdressing accounts for 30%, 80% phosphate fertilizer is as base fertilizer, and nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are manured into soil with dripping.
The general drip irrigation of water-saving drip irrigation sunflower whole growing 6～7 times.When June, early and middle ten days was buddingged, carry out drip irrigation the 1st time, irrigation quantity 40～50m
3/ mu, according to sunflower growth and 1 water of 12～15 days drip irrigations in the every interval of weather, the amount of dripping must not be less than 40m at every turn behind the 1st water
3/ mu applies fertilizer with water in conjunction with drip irrigation.
Supplementary pollination is in order to improve ripening rate, carries out artificial supplementary pollination in sunflower Sheng phase of blooming, and rubs mutually with powder puff or floral disc and all can, carried out once every 2～3 days, award altogether 2～3 times, at 11～13 o'clock in morning time, pollination is overcast and rainyly forbidden in afternoon 16～19 o'clock.
In time results are when the flavescence of sunflower cane, and the middle and upper part blade is faint yellow, and the floral disc back side is that Huang is unbuttoned or divest one's upper garment look, and ligulate flower is withered or come off, can gather in the crops when pericarp is hard, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers maturing stage late August to early September, the food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers maturing stage on September, the middle ten days.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102696368A (en) * | 2012-05-12 | 2012-10-03 | 何军 | Method for cultivating sunflowers and ensuring stable yield of sunflowers in southern fall sowing |
| CN102870577A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-16 | 镇江市丹徒区绿业生态农业有限公司 | Cultivation method of sunflower |
| CN103340067A (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2013-10-09 | 胡玲玲 | Cultivation method for achieving high yield of sunflowers |
| CN104396553A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-03-11 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Sunflower cultivation method |
| CN104429469A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Saline land suaeda salsa and oil sunflower ridge intercropping method under condition of heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN104488525A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-04-08 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Culture method of confectionary sunflower |
| CN105432303A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-30 | 何军 | Autumn-sowing stable-yield cultivation method for sunflowers in the south |
| CN106171458A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 大理白族自治州农业科学推广研究院药用植物及农业新技术研究所 | A kind of Flos Carthami drip irrigation economize efficient cultivation method |
| CN108283124A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-07-17 | 万素梅 | A kind of production application specification of cotton |
| CN111657069A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | Edible sunflower planting and water-saving high-yield irrigation method for cold irrigation areas of oasis |
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| CN1545847A (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2004-11-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Brackish water spray washing method for soda salt salinized dry farmland soil |
| CN101258806A (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-10 | 谭宾 | Technique for cultivating sunflower all the year |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102696368A (en) * | 2012-05-12 | 2012-10-03 | 何军 | Method for cultivating sunflowers and ensuring stable yield of sunflowers in southern fall sowing |
| CN102870577A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-16 | 镇江市丹徒区绿业生态农业有限公司 | Cultivation method of sunflower |
| CN103340067A (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2013-10-09 | 胡玲玲 | Cultivation method for achieving high yield of sunflowers |
| CN104429469A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Saline land suaeda salsa and oil sunflower ridge intercropping method under condition of heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN104429469B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Suaeda salsa and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ridge intercropping method under the conditions of a kind of heavy saline |
| CN104396553A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-03-11 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Sunflower cultivation method |
| CN104488525A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-04-08 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Culture method of confectionary sunflower |
| CN105432303A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-30 | 何军 | Autumn-sowing stable-yield cultivation method for sunflowers in the south |
| CN106171458A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 大理白族自治州农业科学推广研究院药用植物及农业新技术研究所 | A kind of Flos Carthami drip irrigation economize efficient cultivation method |
| CN108283124A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-07-17 | 万素梅 | A kind of production application specification of cotton |
| CN111657069A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | Edible sunflower planting and water-saving high-yield irrigation method for cold irrigation areas of oasis |
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Application publication date: 20110803 |