CN1545847A - Brackish water spray washing method for soda salt salinized dry farmland soil - Google Patents
Brackish water spray washing method for soda salt salinized dry farmland soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN1545847A CN1545847A CNA2003101158936A CN200310115893A CN1545847A CN 1545847 A CN1545847 A CN 1545847A CN A2003101158936 A CNA2003101158936 A CN A2003101158936A CN 200310115893 A CN200310115893 A CN 200310115893A CN 1545847 A CN1545847 A CN 1545847A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soda salinization dry farmland soil brackish water eluting method, wherein corresponding crop species and varieties are selected based on the soil salinization degree and crop physiological ecological adaptation, for the middle level salinization soil, sunflower, Chinese sorghum, millet are planted, for low degree of salinization soil, soybean, millet, maize and alfalfa are planted, the number of eluting in one year is 3-5.
Description
Technical field: the invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to a kind of improvement of upland field soil, specifically a kind of soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD.
Technical background: western part of Chinese song-Nen plain is one of three large stretch of soda saline-alkali soil areal concentrations in the world, and the salinization of soil area is still with annual 1.4% speed expanded, ecotope worsens day by day, and saline and alkaline, arid has become one of major obstacle of regional agriculture development.In the western saline land of song-Nen plain, 25% soil is arranged approximately, nearly 1,400 ten thousand mu belong to low yield dry land saline land, up to the present, especially effectively do not administer method all the time.These saline lands, crop yield are very low, and many plot at last can only long-term planting salt tolerant alkali, consumption soil fertility, sunflower that benefit is low.
Done number of research projects for the utilization of salt water, brackish water both at home and abroad, but mainly studied, laid particular emphasis on the control that utilizes ecological side effect in the process especially from the angle of poor-quality water utilization.Aspect salt water, brackish water drip washing improvement saline land research, the U.S. is used alternatingly drip washing improvement saline land once in the Colorado downstream with seawater and freshwater.Academy of agricultural sciences, domestic Tianjin also once administers the secondary natric horizon of soil in Haihe basin with underground salt water and does overtesting.But by the drip washing system of design science, the system research with brackish water comes drip washing improvement soda alkaline land does not appear in the newspapers at home.
Summary of the invention: the present invention is directed to soda saline soil clay content height, poor permeability, the difficult problem of drip washing improvement, in line with the increase production and improve productivity principle of coordinate synchronization of soil drip washing improvement and crop irrigation, according to the difference of salinization of soil degree the corresponding crop cultivated is mainly needed water period at its critical period of water need and other, carry out drip washing and irrigation by scientific and reasonable irrigation norm, purpose provides a kind of soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD, in the hope of the improvement and lasting efficient utilization of realizing soda saline-alkali soil.
At soda saline soil medium clay soil content height, and based on montmorillonite, the existence of a large amount of exchangeable sodium ions, make the layered wafer diffusion of montmorillonite, spacing increases, the clay particle pitch smaller, the soil particle high degree of dispersion, it is bad that soil physical and chemical property becomes, and not only has a strong impact on plant growth, and poor permeability, drip washing improvement are difficult.Because calcium, magnesium ion have less hydration radius, with calcium, magnesium ion replacement sodium ion, the layered wafer spacing that then can dwindle montmorillonite makes clay particle coagulate wadding, increases the soil pore space radius, thereby improves soil structure and permeability.The underground brackish water of shallow-layer has higher salt content (1～3 grams per liter), and SAR is less than 15, and contains more calcium, magnesium ion, therefore utilizes the underground brackish water drip washing of shallow-layer soda saline soil, and the soil exchangeable sodium ion that can replace on the one hand reduces basicity; Can play on the other hand and add electrolytical effect, produce " salting out ", thereby make clay particle coagulate wadding, improve soil structure and permeability, quicken salinity drip washing, reach the purpose of improvement soda saline soil.
The present invention selects kind of a plant according to top layer, saline land salt content.The top layer salt content of soda alkaline land is generally 0.1%～0.5%.Wherein 0.1%～0.3% is slight saline-alkali soil, and normal time seed is germination and emergence normally, but is suppressed, and growth of seedling is slow.0.3%～0.5% is moderate soda saline-alkali soil, and general seed is germination and emergence normally, and inhibitory action obviously causes and is short of seedling.
The present invention selects corresponding crop species and kind according to the physiological ecological adaptability of salinization of soil degree and crop.Moderate salinized soil plantation sunflower, Chinese sorghum, millet etc., low salinized soil plantation soybean, millet, corn, alfalfa.
The present invention at the initial stage of drip washing salinization of soil degree height, is not suitable for common plant growth to weak order by strong according to crop salt tolerant alkalescence in the soil lessivation, general plantation sunflower during this.Drip washing through one-year age, soil salinity and alkalinity is still higher, but more precedingly decrease, can be by the consumption soil fertility of original plantation serious and sunflower that benefit is low replant the higher Chinese sorghum of economic benefit, millet than salt tolerant alkali crop, through replanting soybean, millet, corn, alfalfa after the drip washing in 2～3 years.
The required water of washed out soil of the present invention is the dark underground water of soda alkaline land 20～30m, and the drip washing number of times is 3～5 times in 1 year, and irrigation volume is determined by following formula:
Irrigation volume (mm)=water-retaining quantity among field of soil-soil moisture content+leaching requirement.Water-retaining quantity among field of soil and soil moisture content need to measure, and the present invention is that 1.0m drip washing soil layer exceeds with thickness, gets a soil sample deeply every 20.0cm, measure soil moisture content, field capacity.
The used underground water of the present invention is with the way of well-digging, and from the underground taking-up of the dark 20～30m of soda alkaline land that needs drip washing, the mode of taking to irrigate realizes the purpose of drip washing.The used degree of mineralization of ground water is 1～2g/l, and the pH value is 7.7～7.8, and sodium adsorption ratio is 2.3～2.5.
The present invention gathers materials on the spot, utilize brackish water can reduce the alkalization of soils degree, and then strengthen the characteristics of soil permeability, solved the problem that is difficult to drip washing improvement soda saline-alkali soil with common fresh water, the saline and alkaline of soda alkaline land is reduced, become the soil that is fit to the general crop of plantation.The present invention combines leaching requirement with crop law of needing the water and farmland water deficit situation, reduce soil alkaline content by drip washing and make crop energy normal growth, can under the condition that satisfies the crop water demand, realize increasing production and improying productivity again, can also reach purposes such as reducing soil evaporation and soil compaction simultaneously.Because the brackish water that adopts is the underground water of shallow-layer 20-30m, large-area demonstration is promoted and is helped controlling phreatic table, prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil again.
Test of the present invention shows, drip washing is irrigated than no drip washing and is irrigated corn yield increasing 34.85%～117.15%, soybean yield-increasing 65.0%～92.9%, millet volume increase 66.28%～94.14%, sorghum yield increasing 52.08%～86.79%, all reached remarkable volume increase level, root of the crop layer salinity and basicity significantly descend simultaneously.
Embodiment: in order to obtain drip washing water required for the present invention, make a call to four well casing combination wells in 20～30m depths, soda saline-alkali soil district, promptly four go out the shared delivery port of hydrophthalmia.Water salinity is 1～2g/l, and the pH value is 7.7～7.8, and sodium adsorption ratio is 2.3～2.5.
Take corresponding drip washing irrigation norm and irrigation period according to the plant situation of crop of soda saline-alkali soil.Slight soda saline-alkali soil maize planting and soybean.According to the growthdevelopmental stage of corn and soybean, take to irrigate accordingly leaching requirement.
When the soda alkaline land maize planting, drip washing in 1 year four times.The drip washing of corn shooting stage once, leaching requirement is 40～65mm; The drip washing of booting tasseling stage once, leaching requirement is 40～65mm; Drip washing twice in the watery stage, and leaching requirement is 40～65mm.
When soda alkaline land plantation soybean, drip washing in 1 year four times.In the flower bud differentiation period drip washing of soybean once, leaching requirement is 40～65mm; Drip washing in flowering stage once, leaching requirement is 40～65mm; In the drum grain phase drip washing twice of bearing pods, leaching requirement is 40～65mm.
In moderate soda salt affected soil plantation Chinese sorghum and millet.Wherein three growthdevelopmental stage drip washing of Chinese sorghum are four times, are respectively in shooting stage drip washing, and leaching requirement is 70～100mm; In drip washing in booting stage, leaching requirement is 80～100mm; Drip washing twice in the watery stage, and leaching requirement is 80～100mm for the first time, and leaching requirement is 70～100mm for the second time.Millet is drip washing four times in two growthdevelopmental stages, wherein twice of booting stage, twice of pustulation period.For the first time leaching requirement is 70～100mm, and leaching requirement is 80～100mm for the second time, leaching requirement 80～100mm for the third time, and the 4th time leaching requirement is 70～100mm.In lessivation, adopt pipeline or anti-seepage channel water delivery, furrow is irrigated, and also can adopt sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD, physiological ecological adaptability according to salinization of soil degree and crop, select the corresponding crop species of plantation, it is characterized in that, moderate salinized soil plantation sunflower, Chinese sorghum, millet, low salinized soil plantation soybean, millet, corn, alfalfa; The required water of washed out soil is the dark underground water of soda alkaline land 20～30m, and the drip washing number of times is 3～5 times in 1 year, and irrigation volume is determined by following formula:
Actual irrigation amount (mm)=water-retaining quantity among field of soil-soil moisture content+leaching requirement.
2, soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD according to claim 1 is characterized in that the used degree of mineralization of ground water is 1～2g/l, and the pH value is 7.7～7.8, and sodium adsorption ratio is 2.4.
3, soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD according to claim 2 is characterized in that by the annual drip washing of crop growth period four times.
4, soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD according to claim 3, when it is characterized in that the soda alkaline land maize planting, the drip washing of corn shooting stage once, leaching requirement is 40～65mm; The drip washing of booting tasseling stage once, leaching requirement is 40～65mm; Drip washing twice in the watery stage, and leaching requirement respectively is 40～65mm.
5, soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD according to claim 3, when it is characterized in that soda alkaline land plantation soybean, in the flower bud differentiation period drip washing of soybean once, leaching requirement is 40～65mm; Drip washing in flowering stage once, leaching requirement is 40～65mm; In the drum grain phase drip washing twice of bearing pods, leaching requirement respectively is 40～65mm.
6, soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD according to claim 3, when it is characterized in that soda salt affected soil plantation Chinese sorghum, three growthdevelopmental stage drip washing of Chinese sorghum four times are respectively in shooting stage drip washing, leaching requirement is 70～100mm; In drip washing in booting stage, leaching requirement is 80～100mm; Drip washing twice in the watery stage, and leaching requirement is 80～100mm for the first time, and leaching requirement is 70～100mm for the second time.
7, soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD according to claim 3, when it is characterized in that soda salt affected soil plantation millet, be drip washing four times in two growthdevelopmental stages, wherein twice of booting stage, twice of pustulation period, leaching requirement is 70～100mm for the first time, for the second time leaching requirement is 80～100mm, leaching requirement 80～100mm for the third time, and the 4th time leaching requirement is 70～100mm.
According to claim 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 described soda salinized soil soil brackish water ELUTION METHOD, it is characterized in that in lessivation that 8, adopt pipeline or anti-seepage channel water delivery, furrow is irrigated, and also can adopt sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2003101158936A CN1545847A (en) | 2003-12-04 | 2003-12-04 | Brackish water spray washing method for soda salt salinized dry farmland soil |
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| CNA2003101158936A CN1545847A (en) | 2003-12-04 | 2003-12-04 | Brackish water spray washing method for soda salt salinized dry farmland soil |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138398A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-08-03 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield sunflower culturing technology based on drip irrigation |
| CN102498773A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-06-20 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for improving sodic soil in Songnen plain |
| CN102845244A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Method for evaluating and identifying seawater salinization tolerance of fresh edible soybeans |
| CN104115586A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-10-29 | 宁波高新区围海工程技术开发有限公司 | Moderate and severe saline-alkali soil treatment method |
| CN104996270A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-28 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil trace-element-rich brackish water irrigation method and application thereof in indian lettuce planting |
| CN106171586A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-12-07 | 新疆林业科学院 | A kind of remove flowerpot soil in saline and alkaline method |
| CN110264101A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of optimization method of the crop water productivity of soil soluble salts |
-
2003
- 2003-12-04 CN CNA2003101158936A patent/CN1545847A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138398A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-08-03 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield sunflower culturing technology based on drip irrigation |
| CN102498773A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-06-20 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for improving sodic soil in Songnen plain |
| CN102845244A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Method for evaluating and identifying seawater salinization tolerance of fresh edible soybeans |
| CN104115586A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-10-29 | 宁波高新区围海工程技术开发有限公司 | Moderate and severe saline-alkali soil treatment method |
| CN104115586B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-09 | 宁波高新区围海工程技术开发有限公司 | Heavy salinized ground administering method in one |
| CN104996270A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-28 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil trace-element-rich brackish water irrigation method and application thereof in indian lettuce planting |
| CN106171586A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-12-07 | 新疆林业科学院 | A kind of remove flowerpot soil in saline and alkaline method |
| CN110264101A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of optimization method of the crop water productivity of soil soluble salts |
| CN110264101B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-05-25 | 西安理工大学 | Method for optimizing crop water productivity of saline farmland |
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