CN102037887A - Implementation method of farmland water-saving irrigation - Google Patents
Implementation method of farmland water-saving irrigation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102037887A CN102037887A CN2009101880402A CN200910188040A CN102037887A CN 102037887 A CN102037887 A CN 102037887A CN 2009101880402 A CN2009101880402 A CN 2009101880402A CN 200910188040 A CN200910188040 A CN 200910188040A CN 102037887 A CN102037887 A CN 102037887A
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Abstract
The invention relates to farmland water-saving irrigation, in particular to an implementation method of farmland water-saving irrigation. The method comprises a step of irrigating the farmland to be irrigated one day before the farmland is frozen up. The irrigation water volume is 40-50 m<3>/mu; and the irrigation water is uniformly distributed in the soil so that the soil water can be sufficiently absorbed. Through the invention, abundant water resources in autumn and winter are stored till the next spring ploughing in a soil water storage manner, so the problems of difficult seeding caused by spring drought and lack in water resources in the period are solved. The farmland irrigation time is a few days before the soil is frozen in winter in comparison with the time before the seeding in the next spring; and in accordance with the characteristic of low intensity of water evapotranspiration effect in winter, the water is absorbed by soil to the greatest degree by ridge irrigation measures, and then, the water is infiltrated and stored, thus the soil water content of the ploughing layer at the time of seeding in the next year is higher, and the needs for soil moisture for seed germination at the time of seeding are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to farmland water-saving and irrigate, the implementation method that a kind of specifically farmland water-saving is irrigated.
Background technology
Current society, water becomes a class important strategic resource gradually, and more and more severeer water resource situation has caused global concern in the world wide, is the challenge that developed country or developing country all are faced with water resources problems.China is a serious water shortage country, there are problems in the water resource aspect, as occupancy volume per person and unit area occupancy volume seldom, water utilization rate is low, the water resource assignment inequality, and water and soil resources are not complementary, can utilize the water resource ratio little in the water resource, the further rate of exploitation difficulty of water resource is big, and the partial water resource worsens, or the like.
Agricultural production occupies very consequence in Chinese national economy, China water resource utilization distribution aspect, about 4,000 hundred million m of the annual water consumption of agricultural irrigation
3Account for 60% of total water amount, but the effective rate of utilization of agricultural water is very low on the whole, have only about 40%, level far below developed countries such as Europe 70% to 80%, corresponding with it moisture productivity levels is not high yet, especially in the hinterland, northwest and other arid, the semiarid zone wanes mainly due to these regional soil moistures, and agricultural planting needs water in a large number, and evapotranspiration is big especially, and solution is generally broad irrigation, and water consumption is huge, and effect is not satisfactory, add this type of regional precipitation rareness, water resource is accumulated difficulty, has aggravated these regional water resources shortages on the contrary.Under the world situation of water resource sternness, the such water resource critical shortage of China and divide polarity irrational large agricultural country especially, development water-saving agriculture and water-saving irrigation technique have crucial realistic meaning.
Water-saving irrigation is meant a kind of irrigation pattern of utilizing the least possible water input to obtain crops output as much as possible, and purpose is to improve the availability and the moisture productivity ratio of water.As everyone knows, the form of field irrigation at present has flood irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, slight irrigation etc., and slight irrigation divides drip irrigation, microspray irrigation, bubbling irrigation and pipeline infiltration etc.Generally speaking, the water saving ability of these three kinds of irrigation techniques is slight irrigation＞sprinkling irrigation＞flood irrigation.But the problem that exists is slight irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technique and facility has relatively high expectations, applicable object generally is limited as facility farmland or vegetable plot, and it is too high that cost is promoted in large-area farmland, and effect certainly can be too not desirable yet, in addition, slight irrigation and sprinkling irrigation need power consumption that certain hydraulic pressure is provided; Problems such as obstruction or corrosion also can appear in pipeline, need running check, maintenance, implement the comparison difficulty.Be directed to China's agricultural production characteristics, large-area irrigation is still based on flood irrigation, how to improve the water saving flood irrigation technology in large tracts of land farmland, reduces agricultural water, improves the agricultural water availability, is China's important goal of agricultural water conservation the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period.Flood irrigation has a lot of water-saving irrigation techniques equally, as in good time quantitative irrigation technique, the border irrigation technology etc. of shoving.But at all irrigation techniques, especially huge and the flood irrigation that efficiency of water application is low of water consumption, the time irrational distribution of water resource all is their insurmountable problems.Most of arid of China, the climate type of semiarid zone is generally continental monsoon climate, the main feature of this class weather is rain hot same period, precipitation mainly concentrates on 6-8 month, this is the one side that helps agricultural production, but the great drawback of its existence is in the middle of 1 year that section precipitation absorbs At All Other Times, especially at seeding time 3-5 month of phase, precipitation is less even can lack, but evapotranspiration is huge, and this moment the agricultural water resource anxious lack and expense huge, in most cases can cause because of sowing or the emergence rate agriculture underproduction even the total crop failure that causes on the low side.For this reason, take effective novel farmland water-saving irrigation technique in arid, semiarid zone, avoid or reduce the harm that agricultural production is caused because of water resource time skewness, improve the availability of water resource simultaneously, very help the reasonable utilization of these regional agricultural productions and water resource, can bring immeasurable social benefit and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency of water demand is coordinated the time skewness of water resource in the time of can't effectively solving the spring drought sowing in order to overcome present irrigation technique, but the invention provides a kind of implementation method of farmland water-saving irrigation of large-area applications.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The implementation method that farmland water-saving is irrigated: the farmland for the treatment of irrigation in the soil freeze-up the previous day is irrigated, and irritates water consumption with 40m
3～50m
3/ mu, being distributed in uniformly in the soil of irrigation water makes soil moisture be able to abundant absorption.
The facility ridging is carried out in farmland described to be irrigated, and row spacing is consistent with the crop-planting row spacing, simultaneously with the farmland perpendicular to the ridge to beating the compartment piecemeal, guarantee the uniformity of pouring water.Described when the plot gradient is spent less than 5 when beating the compartment piecemeal perpendicular to the ridge with the farmland, the length of compartment is 20m.Described row spacing 50cm～65cm, the high 8-12cm in the ridge of formation.It is that spring irrigation in the coming year is the winter irrigation before freeze-up of soil then in advance that the farmland that irrigation is treated in the soil freeze-up the previous day is irrigated.
The advantage that the present invention had is:
1, rational utilization of water resources: the present invention solves the sowing difficulty and the water scarcity problem in this period that spring drought causes with the water resource when utilizing the mode of soil water storage to be saved to the next year spring ploughing of autumn, winter affluence.
2, conserve water resource: the water consumption when irrigation method of the present invention can reduce spring irrigation, in general, look the spring drought situation, the spring irrigation water yield can be different, but generally be not less than 50m
3/ mu, because spring, evapotranspiration was huge, water resource waste is serious.Measure irrigation quantity of the present invention is about 40-50m
3/ mu, simultaneously winter, evapotranspiration was little, and soil moisture is able to abundant absorption, oozes down to distribute again, and because of the moisture of evaporation loss can be significantly reduced, plays the effect of saving arid, semiarid zone limited water resources.
3, irrigation method of the present invention is grasped easily, is convenient to implement, and effect is remarkable, and cost is low, can widely popularize application.And but large-area applications is in the farmland, in the time of can guaranteeing spring drought the sowing of agricultural production smooth, improve water utilization rate, alleviate the anxiety of agricultural water in spring, be resisting drought saving water agricultural production service.
4. advanceed to before the present invention sowed the seed in spring time of field irrigation by 1 year winter then soil freeze-up a few days ago, utilize the low characteristics of moisture evapotranspiration intensity in the winter time, by the ridge irrigation measure moisture is at utmost absorbed by soil, under ooze and store, thereby the topsoil soils moisture is higher when making sowing in 1 year, and seed germination is to the needs of soil moisture when satisfying sowing.Because autumn, winter, agricultural water was less, and summer, precipitation was accumulated a large amount of rainwater, the partial water resource is very abundant, and spring precipitation is less, and has strong evaporation, often causes serious soil drought.The irrigation practice of " the water spring in winter is used " can effectively alleviate or solve arid, semiarid zone fully because the problem of the crop seeding that spring drought caused and the difficulty of emerging, coordinated the contradiction of water resource time maldistribution, reach rational utilization of water resources, saved the purpose of water resource.
Embodiment
Key of the present invention is to grasp water resource time characteristic distributions and farmland moisture is migrated, consumption law.
Be specially: the facility ridging is carried out in farmland that will be to be irrigated, row spacing is consistent with the crop-planting row spacing, common row spacing 50cm～65cm, simultaneously with the farmland perpendicular to the ridge to beating the compartment piecemeal, when the plot gradient is spent less than 5 when beating the compartment piecemeal perpendicular to the ridge in the farmland, the length of compartment is 20m, guarantees the uniformity of pouring water.The farmland for the treatment of irrigation freeze-up the previous day in the soil is irrigated, and is the freeze-up preceding winter irrigation in soil then in advance with spring irrigation in the coming year, irritates water consumption with 40m
3～50m
3/ mu, being distributed in uniformly in the soil of irrigation water makes soil moisture be able to abundant absorption.
Application examples
1) handles the early stage of irrigating object: select north, water chestnut Ying Zicun village, Fuxin, Liaoning Province county one more smooth cultivation area 500m
2(wide 5m * long 100m) is farmland to be irritated, and utilizes farm tractor to treat to irritate the farmland to carry out the ridge and ploughs and handle, and ridge tilling depth degree is at 15cm, and the ridge height of formation then can 10-12cm, and row spacing is 50cm-65cm.Field, back piece is ploughed on the ridge done the compartment processing, compartment length is 20m, waits to irritate.
2) prepare the equipment of pouring water: selection can be write down the equipment of pouring water of irrigation quantity, and it uses the rate of output water to be substantially constant at 15m
3The water pump of/h is controlled irrigation quantity by the control irrigation period; Each compartment irrigation period is 0.44h～0.56h in this experiment, altogether about 2.2h～2.8h consuming time.
3) utilize step 2) the ready equipment of pouring water, the Changes in weather prediction and the experience for many years that provide according to Fuxin county meteorological department, the farmland for the treatment of irrigation freeze-up the previous day in the soil is irrigated, pour water at the field piece that early November handles step 1), the control of the process of pouring water is with step 2) be as the criterion, each compartment irrigation period is controlled in the allowed band.
4) step 3) the is poured water farmland utilization tractor of finishing after 1 day carries out smooth work, can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, and help soil moisture more blend storage down.
Involved equipment and condition in the above-mentioned process of pouring water is the tool of production in the general agricultural production process, and wherein to plough the water pump of used tractor and control irrigation quantity be the tool of production that peasant household generally has on the ridge.
After above step was finished, the farmland after the above-mentioned irrigation had following characteristics, the soil water content height, when sowing the seed in spring to the coming year, soil moisture content reaches more than 15%, far above 10% of the field piece that does not adopt the winter irrigation technology, can satisfy preferably for corn seed and sprout required soil moisture requirement.And if reach soil moisture 15% requirement that when sowing needs by spring irrigation, irrigation quantity is then generally at 60m
3More than/the mu, this moment, evapotranspiration was big, and water resource is less, and large-area generally the irrigation is difficult to realize.
Claims (5)
1. the farmland water-saving implementation method of irrigating, it is characterized in that: the farmland for the treatment of irrigation in the soil freeze-up the previous day is irrigated, and irritates water consumption with 40m
3～50m
3/ mu, being distributed in uniformly in the soil of irrigation water makes soil moisture be able to abundant absorption.
2. by the implementation method of the described farmland water-saving irrigation of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The facility ridging is carried out in farmland described to be irrigated, and row spacing is consistent with the crop-planting row spacing, simultaneously with the farmland perpendicular to the ridge to beating the compartment piecemeal, guarantee the uniformity of pouring water.
3. the implementation method of irrigating by the described farmland water-saving of claim 2 is characterized in that: described when the plot gradient is spent less than 5 when beating the compartment piecemeal perpendicular to the ridge with the farmland, the length of compartment is 20m.
4. the implementation method of irrigating by the described farmland water-saving of claim 2 is characterized in that: described row spacing 50cm～65cm, the high 8-12cm in the ridge of formation.
5. the implementation method of irrigating by the described farmland water-saving of claim 1 is characterized in that: it is that spring irrigation in the coming year is the winter irrigation before freeze-up of soil then in advance that the farmland that irrigation is treated in the soil freeze-up the previous day is irrigated.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101880402A CN102037887A (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2009-10-23 | Implementation method of farmland water-saving irrigation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101880402A CN102037887A (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2009-10-23 | Implementation method of farmland water-saving irrigation |
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| CN102037887A true CN102037887A (en) | 2011-05-04 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103190276A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-10 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation technique for drought resisting and seedling protecting of sesame |
| CN105230450A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-01-13 | 中国农业大学 | Intelligent device and method for irrigation rapid diagnosis |
| CN105557460A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-05-11 | 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心 | Farmland water-saving irrigation method |
| CN109197525A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of farmland irrigation method |
| CN109460633A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-12 | 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | The frozen soil spring, which melts, alleviates spring drought number of days quantitative approach |
| CN114208634A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-22 | 宁夏上泽龙水利水电工程有限公司 | Water-saving irrigation method for fine agriculture |
-
2009
- 2009-10-23 CN CN2009101880402A patent/CN102037887A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103190276A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-10 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation technique for drought resisting and seedling protecting of sesame |
| CN105230450A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-01-13 | 中国农业大学 | Intelligent device and method for irrigation rapid diagnosis |
| CN105230450B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2020-11-17 | 中国农业大学 | Intelligent irrigation rapid diagnosis device and method |
| CN105557460A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-05-11 | 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心 | Farmland water-saving irrigation method |
| CN109197525A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of farmland irrigation method |
| CN109460633A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-12 | 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | The frozen soil spring, which melts, alleviates spring drought number of days quantitative approach |
| CN109460633B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2023-04-18 | 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Quantitative method for days of relieving spring drought in frozen soil spring thawing mode |
| CN114208634A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-22 | 宁夏上泽龙水利水电工程有限公司 | Water-saving irrigation method for fine agriculture |
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Open date: 20110504 |