CN101258806A

CN101258806A - Technique for cultivating sunflower all the year

Info

Publication number: CN101258806A
Application number: CNA2007100270797A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谭剑兴
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Ma Hui
Priority date: 2007-03-08
Filing date: 2007-03-08
Publication date: 2008-09-10
Anticipated expiration: 2027-03-08
Also published as: CN101258806B

Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for full year cultivating sunflowers. The technology is characterized in that: a sunflower planting field is divided into 4 to 10 lots and a batch of the sunflowers are sowed for every 4 to 8 days, a same batch of the sunflowers are sowed in a same lot and sowing is carried out continuously in relays so as to realize continuous blossom of the sunflowers in four seasons of a whole year. The cultivating technology comprises the stages of soil preparation, sowing, raising of seedling, management of young seedling, transplantation, fertilizer and water management, disease and insect pests control, continuous cropping of the sunflowers, etc. The technology for cultivating sunflowers of the invention can not only realize continuous cropping of the sunflowers in a same lot in the south of China, but also realize planting in batches with a plurality of lots so as to incessantly providing high production sunflowers which have visual value for tourists everyday in four seasons of a whole year; therefore, the technology can meet the viewing and admiring demand of people and bring no environmental pollution, thus belonging to a green and environmental protection tourism technology.

Description

A kind of annual technique for cultivating sunflower

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of in southern continuous cropping sunflower technology, particularly a kind of at all seasons in from continual sunflower culture technique, be innovation to the sunflower culture technique.

Background technology

Sunflower is the very high economical plant of a kind of sight, and all there is plantation in a lot of areas of China.China sunflower main producing region can be divided into a last month of spring and broadcast district and summer sowing multiple cropping district.The former mainly is distributed in short, arid of the frost-free season of northeast, North China, northwest, barren, the slight saline and alkaline area of soil property, based on ripe in the plantation, middle-late ripening variety or crossbreed; The areas that frost-free season is long, soil property is more fertile such as the latter mainly is distributed in Liaoning Province, south, western part and North China are based on plantation early-maturing variety or crossbreed.Then sow in spring in south, summer sowing has concurrently, and spring sowing can be in first arrival in April 5 months; Summer sowing late June to mid-July, program request or drilling all can, 4～7 centimetres of seed levels.The southern china each province also has seedling raising and transplanting.But,, intercropping, interplanting also arranged and mix up all based on nonoculture.Because of sunflower planting consumption nutrient is many, most diseases are again by soil infection, so can not continuous cropping.The general rotation cycle required more than 4 years, and the area that has required more than 8 years, do not reach in a planting site annual have sunflower in full bloom view and admire requirement.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the continuous cropping problem of sunflower, the invention provides the annual technique for cultivating sunflower in a kind of south, the florescence that makes sunflower is throughout the year from uninterruptedly.This cultivation scheme is not only carried out continuous cropping on plot, also by being divided into the plantation of sorting continuously of several ground, provide the sunflower with ornamental value to the visitor in can be at all seasons.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: select for use disease resistance strong, cold-resistant heat-resisting salt tolerant alkali, require not tight to soil, sunflower kind with high ornamental value and high yield, grow seedlings earlier and afterwards transplant, concentrate on a place with nutrient cup and grow seedlings, both can reach strong sprout, the purpose of hardening can also allow planting site strive for abundant fallow time; When seedling length to 4,5 true leaves, begin to transplant.Planting site is divided into six, seven bulks, deep ploughing before transplanting, every about 6 days sowing a collection of, a collection of kind of plot, the plantation continuously of taking turns just can reach throughout the year to have every day incessantly and spend the purpose of viewing and admiring.

Culture technique of the present invention may further comprise the steps:

1, wholely

Before every batch of sunflower seedling plantation planting site is deep ploughed whole then furrow, solarization ground;

2, grow seedlings

1), seed soaking and vernalization

Before the sowing sunflower seeds is carried out disinfection, seed soaking is soaked sunflower seeds 4～6 hours with warm water then, and water temperature remains on 24～28 ℃ Celsius, allows seed absorb moisture fully, picks up seed again and carries out vernalization, and the preceding bud with seed of sowing exposes white point and is advisable;

2), sowing

Earlier the soil of the nutrition in nutrient cup water is irrigated, will broadcast in the nutrition soil of nutrient cup into, sowed a collection of every 4～8 days through the seed of sterilization vernalization;

3), seedling management

Broadcast the back and water every day, after seed grows two true leaves, begin fertilising, executed disposable fertilizer before transplanting every 5 days later on;

3, transplant

Treat that the sunflower seedling is long to there being 4 laggard row of cotyledon to transplant, a collection of every transplanting in 4～8 days, field of a collection of kind, the plantation continuously of taking turns;

4, transplant seedlings the back rich water quality management

Transplant backsight soil earth humidity size and water and apply fertilizer, fertilising is based on fertilizer;

5, the extermination of disease and insect pest

The sunflower seedling is transplanted back spraying pesticide and foliage fertilizer, Chi sunflower spray 3～5 times;

6, the continuous cropping of sunflower

To be implanted in the separated same field of planting site with a collection of seedling, and gather in the crops and planted, so circulation is uninterrupted, the plantation continuously of taking turns, and just reaching all has sunflower in full bloom throughout the year every day.Beneficial effect of the present invention:

This sunflower culture technique, the efficient high practicability is strong, not only can in plot, carry out the continuous cropping sunflower in China south, also can plant in batches, provide to the visitor at all seasons to have ornamental value, the sunflower of high yield by several ground, this culture technique belongs to green environmental protection technique simultaneously, both satisfy the needs that people view and admire, and can not produce the dirty beam of environment again, had remarkable economic efficiency and social benefit.

Embodiment

1, wholely

Deep plough with rotovator before every batch of sunflower plantation, deep ploughing helps the nutrition that the sunflower growth absorbs deep layer.Smash the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers bar during deep ploughing, as far as possible certain herbaceous plants with big flowers bar field also, and execute the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, whole furrow shine ground.

2, grow seedlings and seedling is managed

1), seed soaking and vernalization: with warm water seed was soaked 4～6 hours, water temperature keeps 24～27 ℃, allows seed absorb moisture fully.Pick up seed then and carry out vernalization, the preceding bud with seed of sowing shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and a little is advisable.

2), sowing: before the sowing nutrition soil in the nutrient cup evenly being watered irrigates, and seed is broadcast in the soil of nutrient cup into, and earthing waters after broadcasting.After planting execute Terbufos and prevent mouse, bird and the harm of underground worm, a collection of every sowing in 6 days.

3), seedling management: water, watering of seedling is a crux, and generally after planting water every day, all waters once generally earlier when water every day, and then fine drenching, except the rainy day.Winter is as north wind, even the cloudy day to water equally because moisture is taken away in the mobile meeting of wind.After seed grows two true leaves, begin fertilising, executed disposable fertilizer before transplanting in later per five days.Based on phosphate fertilizer, the intermediary and later stages are based on nitrogenous fertilizer in early days.

3, transplant

The sunflower seedling is long to there being 4 laggard row of cotyledon to transplant, and transplants a collection ofly every about 6 days, and an a collection of field of the same race takes turns to plant continuously.First water irrigates nutrition soil in the nutrient cup before transplanting.The planting site of transplanting is accomplished fluently the hole earlier, waters permeablely then, and with the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling gently conversely, left index finger and middle finger are clamped the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling, and left hand thumb and forefinger are pinched nutrient cup gently, and nutrient cup and earth are separated, and then taking-up cup gently.The sunflower that will take off cup being placed in the hole gently, root surrounds sunflower with mud down then, the standard after the plantation be the plant kind in the hole, form the circle of nature, made it the effect of water conservation.Must irrigate normal root water after the transplanting and apply the harm that Terbufos prevents soil insect and mouse.

4, rich water quality management

1-3 after the transplanting days, during flower bud differentiation and certain herbaceous plants with big flowers dish be the three big critical stages that need water when expanding, otherwise watering of stopping in addition, watered according to humidity.If leaf is listless, the moisture wretched insufficiency is described, in time keep the skin wet.Fertilising strengthens the soil organic matter, the structure of keeping and improve the soil based on fertilizer.Fertilising is for the first time all used this fertilizer based on the strong fertilizer+nitrogenous fertilizer of power during seedling management; After buddingging, available urea+potash fertilizer topdresses, and impels the rhizome of sunflower thick, makes its floral disc be difficult for bowing.Fertilising has 2 kinds of modes, and a kind of is to be placed directly on the ground, and the fertilising back is watered permeable at once, and another kind is to have executed after the fertilizer, lives with earth mulch at once.Generally be to use a kind of method in back early stage, the later stage is used preceding a kind of method.The sunflower growth cycle is about 60 days.Whole growth process is approximately applied fertilizer about 6 times.

5, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Rely mainly on prevention, it is auxilliary controlling.Transplant back 3 days spraying pesticide and foliage fertilizers for the first time, sprayed once in later per about 7 days, a Chi sunflower sprays 3-5 time approximately.

6, the continuous cropping of sunflower

To be implanted in the separated same field of planting site with a collection of seed, sowing in per about 6 days is a collection of, plants respectively on 6 to 7 ground, has gathered in the crops and has planted, the plantation continuously of taking turns, and so circulation is uninterrupted, accomplishes that just sunflower is in full bloom throughout the year.

In the middle of the process of plantation sunflower, solve and plant sunflower throughout the year and also have two hang-ups: the first, be exactly the problem of the excessive rainfall in rainy season; The second, be exactly the salty damp problem that occurs afterwards annual October, the salinity of the water of irrigation is as long as surpass one thousandth, and shrivelled phenomenon will appear in the sunflower blade face of being drenched.Based on above two large problems, the measure of being taked is: (1), build good irrigation and drainage system well makes sunflower be soaked and is no more than four hours behind the heavy rain; (2), constantly pay close attention to the trend of salty tide, survey water in advance, and hold full fresh water in advance.When finding that salinity is tangible when too high, the measure of taking open running water to irrigate.

Claims

1. the technology of an annual cultivating sunflower, it is characterized in that sunflower planting ground is divided into 4～10, transplanted a collection of sunflower seedling every 4～8 days, a collection of sunflower seedling is planted simultaneously in a field, take turns to plant continuously, reaching uninterruptedly has sunflower to open throughout the year.

2. technique for cultivating sunflower according to claim 1, its feature comprises the steps:

1), wholely

Deep plough whole then furrow, solarization ground before every batch of sunflower seedling plantation;

2), grow seedlings

A, seed soaking and vernalization

Before the sowing sunflower seeds is carried out disinfection, seed soaking allows seed absorb moisture content fully then, picks up seed again and carries out vernalization, and the preceding bud with seed of sowing exposes white point and is advisable;

B, sowing

Earlier nutrition soil in the nutrient cup evenly being watered irrigates, and will broadcast in the nutrition soil of nutrient cup through the seed of sterilization vernalization, a collection of every sowing in 4～8 days;

C, seedling management

Broadcast the back and water every day, beginning fertilising for the first time after seed grows two true leaves was executed disposable fertilizer before transplanting in later per 5 days;

3) transplant

Treat that the sunflower seedling is long to there being 4 laggard row of cotyledon to transplant, a collection of every transplanting in 4～8 days, a collection of kind of plot, the plantation continuously of taking turns;

4), transplant seedlings the back rich water quality management

Water and apply fertilizer by the soil moisture size after transplanting seedlings, fertilising is based on fertilizer;

5), the extermination of disease and insect pest

Want spraying pesticide and foliage fertilizer after the transplanting, Chi sunflower spray 3～5 times;

6), the continuous cropping of sunflower

It is separated with in the plot to be implanted in planting site with a collection of seed, has gathered in the crops and has planted, the plantation continuously of taking turns, and so circulation is uninterrupted, and just can reach has sunflower to open throughout the year.

3. sunflower culture technique according to claim 2 is characterized in that the sunflower seed soaking time is 4～6 hours, and water temperature remains on 24～28 ℃ Celsius.